What domestication has not changed: how can we guarantee the welfare of farm animals in intensive production systems?

Plenary sessions and worshop[EN] The welfare of an animal depends on its health and on the extent to what its biological needs are met. Biological needs can be roughly divided into two main groups: (1) those related to nutrition and physical and thermal comfort, and (2) those related to mental health and behaviour, including a varied and stimulus-rich environment, a perception of control and agency, and the possibility to engage in highly motivated behaviours. This paper will deal with the importance of this last need for the welfare of farm animals

Sionismoaren sorreratik, arabiarren kanporaketara

Honako Gradu Amaierako Lanak lider sionista ezberdinek Israelgo Estatuaren sorreraren aurretik Palestinako arabiar populazioa kanporatazeko egindako planak aztertzea du helburu. Horretarako, sionismoaren korronte ideologiko ezberdinak aztertzen dira lanean. Lana euskaraz idatzirik dago

Streptomyces as a Source of Antimicrobials: Novel Approaches to Activate Cryptic Secondary Metabolite Pathways

Streptomyces is the most important bacterial genus for bioactive compound production. These soil bacteria are characterized by a complex differentiation cycle. Streptomyces is extremely important in biotechnology, producing approximately two thirds of all antibiotics, as well as many compounds of medical and agricultural interest. Drug discovery from streptomycetes became challenging once the most common compounds were discovered, and the system was basically abandoned by industry. Simultaneously, antibiotic resistance is increasing dramatically, and new antibiotics are required. Screening from nature is being resumed (exploring new environments, looking for elicitors, metagenome, etc.). Secondary metabolism is conditioned by differentiation; although the relationship between both has long remained elusive, differentiation as a trigger for antibiotic production remains basically unexplored. Most cultures used in screening campaigns for new bioactive molecules have been performed empirically, and workflow was extremely productive during the so-called golden age of antibiotics; however, currently there is a bottleneck. Streptomyces is still the most important natural source of antibiotics, and it also harbors many cryptic secondary metabolite pathways not expressed under laboratory conditions. In this chapter, we review strategies based on differentiation, one of the keys improving secondary metabolite production and activating cryptic pathways to face the challenges of drug discovery

W+W− boson pair production in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy of √ s = 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC

RESUMEN Se presenta la medida de la sección eficaz de producción de un par de bosones W+W- en colisiones protón-protón a una energía de centro de masas de 13 TeV. Los datos analizados en este estudio han sido recogidos por el detector CMS del LHC, y se corresponden con una luminosidad integrada de 35.9 fb-¹. Los eventos candidatos se seleccionan requiriendo dos leptones con carga opuesta. Se mide una sección eficaz de producción total de 117.6 ± 6.8 pb, que acuerda bien con la predicción teórica. También se hacen medidas de las secciones eficaces fiduciales y diferenciales, que acuerdan bien con las predicciones teóricas. Finalmente, se obtienen límites en los operadores de dimensión-6 en el contexto de la teoría de campo efectivo. Este análisis proporciona algunos de los límites más fuertes en dichos operadores comparando con resultados previos. Se realiza una búsqueda de materia oscura en colisiones protón-protón a una energía de centro de masa de 13 TeV usando eventos con un par de bosones W+W- y una gran cantidad faltante de momento transverso. Los datos usados en este estudio han sido recogidos por el detector CMS del LHC, y se corresponden con una luminosidad integrada de 137 fb-¹. Los eventos candidatos se seleccionan requiriendo dos leptones con carga opuesta. No se observa ningún exceso significativo de los datos sobre las predicciones del Modelo Estándar, por lo que se obtienen límites en la producción de materia oscura en el contexto del modelo simplificado de Higgs oscuro, con una masa para el bosón de Higgs oscuro por encima de la masa umbral del par W+W-. Los resultados presentados se corresponden con la primera medida realizada por el experimento CMS usando esta nueva interpretación. Se aplican técnicas de aprendizaje automático profundo para estimar el momento transverso de muones altamente energéticos en el detector CMS. El objetivo principal de estos estudios es mejorar los resultados del procedimiento utilizado actualmente, y de ser así, considerar incluir este tipo de metodologías en la futura toma de datos del experimento. Los resultados preliminares, basados en simulación, muestran una mejora de aproximadamente un 25% en la resolución de la asignación de momento transverso para muones con with 1500 < pT < 2500 GeV y |η| < 0.9.ABSTRACT A measurement of the W+W- boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The data used in this study are collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-¹. The W+W- candidate events are selected by requiring two oppositely charged leptons. The total W+W- production cross section measurement has been 117.6 ± 6.8 pb, which agrees well with the theoretical prediction. Fiducial cross sections and differential cross sections are also reported, which also agree well with the theoretical prediction. Finally, constraints on the dimension-6 operators in the context of an effective field theory are derived. This analysis provides some of the strongest constraints compared with previous results. A search for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is performed using events with a W+W- boson pair and large missing transverse momentum. The data used in this study are collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb-¹. The W+W- candidate events are selected by requiring two oppositely charged leptons. No significant excess over the expected Standard Model prediction is observed. Limits are set on dark matter production in the context of the dark Higgs simplified model, with a dark Higgs mass above the W+W- pair mass threshold. The results presented correspond to the first measurement carried out in the CMS experiment using this novel interpretation. Deep learning techniques are applied to estimate the transverse momentum of highly energetic muons in the CMS detector. The main goal of these studies is to improve the results of the current procedure, and if so, consider including these types of methodologies in the future data taking of the experiment. The preliminary results obtained, based on simulation, show an improvement of about 25% in the resolution of the transverse momentum for muons with 1500 < pT < 2500 GeV and |η| < 0.9

Numerical simulation of density-driven flow and heat transport processes in porous media using the network method

Density-driven flow and heat transport processes in 2-D porous media scenarios are governed by coupled, non-linear, partial differential equations that normally have to be solved numerically. In the present work, a model based on the network method simulation is designed and applied to simulate these processes, providing steady state patterns that demonstrate its computational power and reliability. The design is relatively simple and needs very few rules. Two applications in which heat is transported by natural convection in confined and saturated media are studied: slender boxes heated from below (a kind of Bénard problem) and partially heated horizontal plates in rectangular domains (the Elder problem). The streamfunction and temperature patterns show that the results are coherent with those of other authors: steady state patterns and heat transfer depend both on the Rayleigh number and on the characteristic Darcy velocity derived from the values of the hydrological, thermal and geometrical parameters of the problems.The first author acknowledges the support of the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena through a pre-doctoral scholarship and the economic support of the Universidad Católica del Norte to cover the costs to publish in open access

The Mineu proyect, and example of eco-tourism in a mining landscape: The Sierra Minera of La Unión, Murcia, España.

The development of this article will centre on showing how the history of a geographical space comes marked by the natural resources that we find on it. If we relate the history of another place would be completely different, since it would be affected by other factors. For the study of this article we are situated in a mining zone with more than 25 centuries of history placed in the south-east zone of Spain. The Sierra Minera of Cartagena La Unión, at the south of the region of Murcia, occupies approximately approximately 10 x 5 kilometres and has a rectangular surface lengthened in direction North-East – Southwest . In this space we find one of the major accumulations of lead and zinc of the Iberian Peninsula. This mountainous set, which is considered part of the Bética mountain chain in its more oriental part, spreads parallel to the Mediterranean coast from the city of Cartagena up to Cabo de Palos and separates the littoral of the interior plain in which finds the city of La Union. The coastal zone is abrupt whereas the interior has softer mountains, coming up to the plain of the Cartagena's field. In all this Sierra, which colors ocres and reddish made presage to the former civilizations of the existence of mineral The ocres and redish colors along the sierra made presage to the former civilizations of the existence of a greats quantity minerals. In this space we find one of the major accumulations of lead and zinc of the Iberian Peninsula. The coastal situation of this territory, which was favoring the trade with other zones of the Mediterranean, the richness of its lands and fundamentally the mineral richness of its mounts, has motivated that different civilizations have fought to settle on this rich coast. We find a landscape deeply modified, become infested with elements archeoindustrials, as mineral washersy, head frames, shafts, and landscape elements as surgencias, rafts and dumps, which betray to us the great quantity of changes that have realized the different cultures on him it. The Sierra Minera of Cartagena - La Unión is in a zone deeply marked by the changes that suffered historically all the coasts of the Mediterranean Arch. From the Bronze Age we can find settlements in the zone that reflect the first works of mining industry. After the first Phoenician and Greek populations, that used methods of extraction based on wells and galleries technologies, the mining splendour came with the Romans, since they developed a few advanced technologies of exploitation that allowed creating a prosperous mining industry based basically on the lead and the silver. The great economic growth lived in the zone, thanks to the mines, brought the foundation of Carthago-nova, a prosperous Roman settlement with a great trade with other points of the Mediterranean and an advanced urbanism for the epoch. The present Cartagena, especially his old town, is seated on the ruins of buildings of Roman Period. These buildings, are being found nowadays in the works of the new constructions that there is realized in the city, which is giving a great archaeological importance to the same one. The intervention carried out by the Town council to safeguard this great patrimony consists of raising the ground floors and supporting the basements as museum spaces. One of the finds of major importance, that is necessary to highlight, is the Roman Theatre found under the ruins of the city, and that is just now near to his opening to the public once restored by the architect Rafael Moneo. After the Roman occupation, where the great majority of the mineral was extracted, there came near to the depletion of the mines with the means of extraction that existed till then, which led to the abandon of the mines and to a great economic crisis from the 2nd century D.C. This situation was mixed with a few years of the history become infested with obscurantism, battles and diseases, the Middle Ages, which kept the zone in an economic lethargy of which would not wake up until centuries later. After centuries of almost total absence of the mining activity, arises, from 1840, one most important mining and metallurgical development that allowed to place to the district of Cartagena-La Unión, between the principal producers of lead, not only of Spain, but entire world. The Sierra of Cartagena, between 1860 and 1900, was producing as average 44 % of the production of lead of Spain, which in turn was appearing between the first world producers

Introducción al diagnóstico y tratamiento del marcaje territorial con orina en el gato

El marcaje territorial con orina es uno de los problemas de comportamiento más frecuentes en el gato. Si bien es más frecuente en machos no castrados, puede manifestarse también en machos castrados y en hembras. Los principales criterios de diagnóstico que permiten distinguirlo de otros problemas de eliminación son la presencia o ausencia de heces junto con la orina, ia localización de la orina, el volumen de orina y la postura del animal al orinar. La castración soluciona el problema en el 90 % de los animales aproximadamente. En aquellos animales que no responden a la castración o a los que no se desea castrar, los tranquilizantes son el tratamiento de elección, puesto que son igualo más eficaces que los progestágenos sintéticos y presentan menos efectos secundarios.Urine marking is one of the most common behavioural problems in cats. Although it is most frequent in intact males, urine marking can also occur in both castrated males and females. The amount and location of urine, the pasture of the cat while urinating and thepresence or absence of faeces are important criteria to rule out any other cause of inappropriate elimination. Urine marking is treated by castration, which is effective in 90 % of cases. When castration is unsuccesful or undesired, anxiolytic drugs are the treatment of choice, because they are at least as effictive as synthetic progestins and have less side effects