Institutionalizing Environmental Dispute Resolution Approaches Within Natural Resource Agencies: Lessons from the U.S. Forest Service

Also PCMA Working Paper #35.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51251/1/485.pd

Institutionalizing Conflict Management Alternatives

Also PCMA Working Paper #7.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51116/1/348.pd

An affordable automotive hybrid transmission

It is estimated that there are more than 70 automobile models on the road today that use hybrid transmission technology for improving the efficiency of automobile transportation. Most of these transmissions are of the electric hybrid type and are expensive to purchase, and costly to maintain. The original purchase price for a vehicle with an electric hybrid transmission is approximately $8k more than a comparable vehicle without a hybrid transmission and the replacement cost for electric batteries is about$3k every five to ten years with an associated disposal problem for the batteries themselves. This situation has resulted in hybrid vehicle technology being accessible to the few who are able to afford the vehicles and who normally consider themselves to be "energy buffs". By and large, hybrid vehicle technology has not been made accessible to the common automobile owner. This technology is aimed at developing a hybrid vehicle transmission that: 1) reduces the first time buying cost of the vehicle by thousands of dollars, and 2) eliminates the need for replacing expensive and environmentally dangerous batteries thus reducing maintenance costs. It so happens that this technology also eliminates conventional disc brakes that wear out and need replacement. Furthermore, this technology eliminates the reverse gear in the mechanical transmission path thus reducing the cost associated with designing and building this part of the mechanical transmission. This technology will rapidly expand the use of energy-efficient automotives as an affordable hybrid-transmission will be made available for every consumer. With over 60 million vehicles produced every year worldwide this idea will have a tremendous impact on worldwide energy consumption and the environment

Earth-based lunar atmosphere investigation Final report

Instrumentation and results of earth-based spectrometric identification of lunar atmospheric constituents in visible regio

Modeling and Designing a Hydrostatic Transmission With a Fixed-Displacement Motor

This study develops the dynamic equations that describe the behavior of a hydrostatic transmission utilizing a variable-displacement axial-piston pump with a fixed-displacement motor. In general, the system is noted to be a third-order system with dynamic contributions from the motor, the pressurized hose, and the pump. Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, the stability range of this linearized system is presented. Furthermore, a reasonable control-gain is discussed followed by comments regarding the dynamic response of the system as a whole. In particular, the varying of several parameters is shown to have distinct effects on the system rise-time, settling time, and maximum percent-overshoot

The influence of valve-pump weight ratios on the dynamic response of leaking valve-pump parallel control hydraulic systems

© 2018 by the authors. A new leaking valve-pump parallel control (LVPC) oil hydraulic system is proposed to improve the performance of dynamic response of present variable speed pump control (VSPC) system, which is an oil hydraulic control system with saving energy. In the LVPC, a control valve is operating at leaking status, together with a variable speed pump, to regulate the system flow of hydraulic oil simultaneously. Therefore, the degree of valve control and pump control can be adjusted by regulating the valve-pump weight ratio. The LVPC system design, mathematical model development, system parameter and control performance analysis are carried out systematically followed by an experimental for validation process. Results have shown that after introducing the valve control, the total leakage coefficient increases significantly over a wide range with the operating point and this further increases damping ratios and reduces the velocity stiffness. As the valve-pump weight ratio determines the flow distribution between the valve and the pump and the weight factors of the valve and/or the pump controls determines the response speed of the LVPC system, thus if the weight factors are constrained properly, the LVPC system will eventually have a large synthetic open-loop gain and it will respond faster than the VSPC system. The LVPC will enrich the control schemes of oil hydraulic system and has potential value in application requiring of fast response

Defense costs and disarmament: a comparative study of the military and social cost components of defense expenditures.

http://www.archive.org/details/defensecostsdisa00man