1,730 research outputs found
Algebraic Structure of Lepton and Quark Flavor Invariants and CP Violation
Lepton and quark flavor invariants are studied, both in the Standard Model
with a dimension five Majorana neutrino mass operator, and in the seesaw model.
The ring of invariants in the lepton sector is highly non-trivial, with
non-linear relations among the basic invariants. The invariants are classified
for the Standard Model with two and three generations, and for the seesaw model
with two generations, and the Hilbert series is computed. The seesaw model with
three generations proved computationally too difficult for a complete solution.
We give an invariant definition of the CP-violating angle theta in the
electroweak sector
Low-Energy Effective Field Theory below the Electroweak Scale: Operators and Matching
The gauge-invariant operators up to dimension six in the low-energy effective
field theory below the electroweak scale are classified. There are 70 Hermitian
dimension-five and 3631 Hermitian dimension-six operators that conserve baryon
and lepton number, as well as , , and operators. The matching onto these operators from the
Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) up to order is
computed at tree level. SMEFT imposes constraints on the coefficients of the
low-energy effective theory, which can be checked experimentally to determine
whether the electroweak gauge symmetry is broken by a single fundamental scalar
doublet as in SMEFT. Our results, when combined with the one-loop anomalous
dimensions of the low-energy theory and the one-loop anomalous dimensions of
SMEFT, allow one to compute the low-energy implications of new physics to
leading-log accuracy, and combine them consistently with high-energy LHC
constraints.Comment: 44 pages, 22 tables; version published in JHE
On Gauge Invariance and Minimal Coupling
The principle of minimal coupling has been used in the study of Higgs boson
interactions to argue that certain higher dimensional operators in the
low-energy effective theory generalization of the Standard Model are suppressed
by loop factors, and thus smaller than others. It also has been extensively
used to analyze beyond-the-standard-model theories. We show that in field
theory, and even in quantum mechanics, the concept of minimal coupling is
ill-defined and inapplicable as a general principle, and give many pedagogical
examples which illustrate this fact. We also clarify some related
misconceptions about the dynamics of strongly coupled gauge theories. Many
arguments in the literature on Higgs boson interactions that use minimal
coupling, particularly in pseudo-Goldstone Higgs theories, are inherently
flawed.Comment: 25 pp, 2 figures v2: refs added, JHEP version, conclusions unchange
Analysis of General Power Counting Rules in Effective Field Theory
We derive the general counting rules for a quantum effective field theory
(EFT) in dimensions. The rules are valid for strongly and weakly
coupled theories, and predict that all kinetic energy terms are canonically
normalized. They determine the energy dependence of scattering cross sections
in the range of validity of the EFT expansion. We show that the size of cross
sections is controlled by the power counting of EFT, not by chiral
counting, even for chiral perturbation theory (PT). The relation between
and is generalized to dimensions. We show that the
naive dimensional analysis counting is related to counting. The
EFT counting rules are applied to PT, low-energy weak interactions,
Standard Model EFT and the non-trivial case of Higgs EFT.Comment: V2: more details and examples added; version published in journal. 17
pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Non-Perturbative Effects in
We compute the non-perturbative contribution of semileptonic tensor operators
to the purely
leptonic process and to the electric and magnetic dipole
moments of charged leptons by matching onto chiral perturbation theory at low
energies. This matching procedure has been used extensively to study
semileptonic and leptonic weak decays of hadrons. In this paper, we apply it to
observables that contain no strongly interacting external particles. The
non-perturbative contribution to processes is used to extract the
best current bound on lepton-flavor-violating semileptonic tensor operators,
TeV. We briefly discuss how the same method
applies to dark-matter interactions.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure; version published in JHE
A Lattice Test of 1/N_c Baryon Mass Relations
1/N_c baryon mass relations are compared with lattice simulations of baryon
masses using different values of the light-quark masses, and hence different
values of SU(3) flavor-symmetry breaking. The lattice data clearly display both
the 1/N_c and SU(3) flavor-symmetry breaking hierarchies. The validity of 1/N_c
baryon mass relations derived without assuming approximate SU(3)
flavor-symmetry also can be tested by lattice data at very large values of the
strange quark mass. The 1/N_c expansion constrains the form of discretization
effects; these are suppressed by powers of 1/N_c by taking suitable
combinations of masses. This 1/N_c scaling is explicitly demonstrated in the
present work.Comment: 13 pages, 20 figures; v2 version to be published in PR
Factorization Structure of Gauge Theory Amplitudes and Application to Hard Scattering Processes at the LHC
Previous work on electroweak radiative corrections to high energy scattering
using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) has been extended to include
external transverse and longitudinal gauge bosons and Higgs bosons. This allows
one to compute radiative corrections to all parton-level hard scattering
amplitudes in the standard model to NLL order, including QCD and electroweak
radiative corrections, mass effects, and Higgs exchange corrections, if the
high-scale matching, which is suppressed by two orders in the log counting, and
contains no large logs, is known. The factorization structure of the effective
theory places strong constraints on the form of gauge theory amplitudes at high
energy for massless and massive gauge theories, which are discussed in detail
in the paper. The radiative corrections can be written as the sum of
process-independent one-particle collinear functions, and a universal soft
function. We give plots for the radiative corrections to q qbar -> W_T W_T, Z_T
Z_T, W_L W_L, and Z_L H, and gg -> W_T W_T to illustrate our results. The
purely electroweak corrections are large, ranging from 12% at 500 GeV to 37% at
2 TeV for transverse W pair production, and increasing rapidly with energy. The
estimated theoretical uncertainty to the partonic (hard) cross-section in most
cases is below one percent, smaller than uncertainties in the parton
distribution functions (PDFs). We discuss the relation between SCET and other
factorization methods, and derive the Magnea-Sterman equations for the Sudakov
form factor using SCET, for massless and massive gauge theories, and for light
and heavy external particles.Comment: 44 pages, 30 figures. Refs added, typos fixed. ZL ZL plots removed
because of a possible subtlet
Renormalization Group Scaling of Higgs Operators and \Gamma(h -> \gamma \gamma)
We compute the renormalization of dimension six Higgs-gauge boson operators
that can modify \Gamma(h -> \gamma \gamma) at tree-level. Operator mixing is
shown to lead to an important modification of new physics effects which has
been neglected in past calculations. We also find that the usual formula for
the S oblique parameter contribution of these Higgs-gauge boson operators needs
additional terms to be consistent with renormalization group evolution. We
study the implications of our results for Higgs phenomenology and for new
physics models which attempt to explain a deviation in \Gamma(h -> \gamma
\gamma). We derive a new relation between the S parameter and the \Gamma(h ->
\gamma \gamma) and \Gamma(h ->Z \gamma) decay rates.Comment: 20 pp. 2 fi
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