Roomalaisuus Goottilaissotien aikana: Identiteetin ilmentymiä Cassiodoruksen ja Procopiuksen teksteissä

Tutkielmassa käsitellään roomalaisuuden piirteitä Goottilaissotien ajan Italiassa käyttäen hyväksi Cassiodoruksen kirjeitä ja Procopiuksen goottilaissodista kertovia kirjoja 5 ja 6. Tutkielmassa on luettu kummatkin tekstit ja pyritty niiden pohjalta ymmärtämään mitä roomalaisuuteen kuului goottilaissotien aikaan. Alakysymyksenä käsittelen myös, miten Italian asukkaat suhtautuivat bysanttilaisiin valloittajiin. Tutkielmaan tekoon on käytetty laadullista metodia. Alkuperäislähteiden sisällön tukemiseen on käytetty aiheeseen liittyvää tutkimuskirjallisuutta. Tutkimuksessa kävi ilmi, että Italiaa hallinnut Itä-goottinen valtakunta oli hallitukseltaan ja tavoiltaan huomattavan roomalainen. Tämä näkyi hallinnossa, laeissa, diplomatiassa, hyveissä ja perinteissä. Italiaa valtaamaan tulleet bysanttilaiset näkivät itsensä roomalaisina, mutta eivät nähneet kaikkia italiassa asuvia roomalaisina. Vastaavasti Italiassa asuneet ihmiset pääsääntöisesti näkivät myös itsensä roomalaisina. he näkivät bysanttilaiset usein enemmän kreikkalaisina, kuin roomalaisina. Kummatkin maat kokivat olevansa Rooman valtakunnan jatkumoita. Italian asukkaat suhtautuivat useimmiten positiivisesti bysanttilaisiin, mutta tämä johtui siitä, että paikallinen hallinto tuona aikana ei nauttinut kansan suosiosta. Tämä korostui varsinkin Sisiliassa, mutta myös itse Rooman kaupungissa

A Simple Method to Determine the Timing of Snow Melt by Remote Sensing with Application to the CO2 Balances of Northern Mire and Heath Ecosystems

Peer reviewe

Comparing the fundamental movement skill proficiency of children with intellectual disabilities and typically developing children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Children around the world, particularly those with intellectual disabilities (ID), are exhibiting poor motor skill proficiency. Compared with typically developing children (TDC), children with intellectual disabilities (CwID) are 65% more likely to exhibit low levels of motor competence. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the motor skill proficiency levels, in terms of fundamental movement skills (FMS) of CwID to TDC. FMS are the building blocks required for lifelong participation in sport and physical activity. Method The meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA statement guidelines. 6 electronic databases were searched and 16, 679 studies were found. A total of 26 studies (total participants n = 3,525) met the inclusion criteria. A multivariate maximum likelihood multivariate random effects model was fitted to the data using the metafor package in R. Results The study showed that the standardised mean difference (Hedges' g) in FMS between TDC and CwID is large (g = 1.24; CI 95% [.87, 1.62]). Specifically, significant differences between the two groups emerged in all five outcomes: (1) total locomotor score, (2) total object manipulation score, (3) balance, (4) run skill and (5) throw skill. Conclusions Further investigation into effective intervention strategies is required in order to reduce the magnitude of difference in motor skill proficiency between the two groups. In addition to developing, implementing and evaluating these interventions, researchers need to work hand in hand with national governing bodies (NGB) of sport and policy makers to ensure that teachers and coaches are being provided with opportunities to upskill in the area of FMS

Cauliflower ear among Finnish high-level male wrestlers and judokas is prevalent and symptomatic deformity

Our research aimed to study the prevalence, concerns, and treatment practices related to cauliflower ear among Finnish wrestlers and judokas. In total, 32 Finnish wrestlers and 31 judokas completed a questionnaire at training sessions or at a competition. All participants were adults competing at the national or international levels. We also took lateral digital photographs of participants' ears. A senior author graded the overall appearance of the auricles on a scale from 0 to 5 (0 = normal auricle, 5 = extreme cauliflower ear). Cauliflower ear was more prevalent among male athletes (84%, 46/55) than female athletes (0%, 0/8, P <.001). Almost all (96%) had sought treatment for an auricular hematoma. The most prevalent treatment modality was needle aspiration (96%). Most (76%) had received treatment from individuals not representing the healthcare profession. Only one athlete reported receiving successful treatment. No complications from treatment were reported. Almost all participants (96%) reported some symptom from the cauliflower ear, typically pain. None regretted their cauliflower ear(s), and 41% of athletes with cauliflower ear considered it desirable. Cauliflower ear is a common and symptomatic deformity among high-level Finnish wrestlers and judokas. Despite the symptoms, it is accepted and sometimes even desired among the athletes.Peer reviewe

Effect of Psychological Need-Supportive Summer Camp: FIT-Dawg Girls Summer Camp

Physical activity (PA) is a major factor related to obesity risk. Research has shown PA interventions among adolescents to be moderately successful in short-term but limited to longer-term. Self-determination theory (SDT) postulates that a psychological need-supportive environment (i.e. one that supports competence, autonomy, and social relatedness) is effective in maintaining volitional motivation which can lead to sustained positive behavioral changes including PA. Although research has supported the central tenets of the SDT, there is limited evidence examining whether a summer camp intervention can sustain improvements in PA motivation and behavior. Thus, this study examined the acute and 12-weeks longer-term effectiveness of a five-day psychological need-support centered summer camp on healthy weight and overweight adolescent girls’ weight management behaviors. A single-group case series study with pre-, post, and 12-week follow-up-test analyses. A sample comprised 42 (Mage = 11.70±1.12) adolescent females. Exercise motivation, PA intention, and PA and dietary behaviors were measured. The findings showed a between-group effect on daily steps (F(1, 19) = 15.83, p = .001,ηp2 = .46), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (F(1, 19) = 4.58, p = .046, ηp2 = .19), energy intake (F(1, 19) = 7.23, p = .013, ηp2 = .27), PA intention (F(2, 18) = 6.25, p = .024, ηp2 = .28), intrinsic motivation (F(2, 18) = 6.25, p = .024, ηp2 = .28), and amotivation (F(2, 18) = 16.25, p &lt; .001, ηp2 = .54). A need-supportive summer camp may be especially effective in improving PA motivation and behavior in overweight girls

Genomic prediction in a Finnish breeding programme of six-row barley

201

A System for Acquisition, Processing and Visualization of Image Time Series from Multiple Camera Networks

201

The Effect of Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy, Power and Strength Adaptations to Resistance Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis

Background: Resistance exercise training is widely used by general and athletic populations to increase skeletal muscle hypertrophy, power and strength. Endogenous sex hormones influence various bodily functions, including possibly exercise performance, and may influence adaptive changes in response to exercise training. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use modulates the profile of endogenous sex hormones, and therefore, there is increasing interest in the impact, if any, of HC use on adaptive responses to resistance exercise training. Objective: Our aim is to provide a quantitative synthesis of the effect of HC use on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, power and strength adaptations in response to resistance exercise training. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted on experimental studies which directly compared skeletal muscle hypertrophy, power and strength adaptations following resistance exercise training in hormonal contraceptive users and non-users conducted before July 2023. The search using the online databases PUBMED, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Embase and other supplementary search strategies yielded 4669 articles, with 8 articles (54 effects and 325 participants) meeting the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the “Tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise”. Results: All included studies investigated the influence of oral contraceptive pills (OCP), with no study including participants using other forms of HC. The articles were analysed using a meta-analytic multilevel maximum likelihood estimator model. The results indicate that OCP use does not have a significant effect on hypertrophy [0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) [− 0.11, 0.13], t = 0.14, p = 0.90), power (− 0.04, 95% CI [− 0.93, 0.84], t = − 0.29, p = 0.80) or strength (0.10, 95% CI [− 0.08, 0.28], t = 1.48, p = 0.20). Discussion: Based on the present analysis, there is no evidence-based rationale to advocate for or against the use of OCPs in females partaking in resistance exercise training to increase hypertrophy, power and/or strength. Rather, an individualised approach considering an individual’s response to OCPs, their reasons for use and menstrual cycle history may be more appropriate. Registration: The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID number and hyperlink: CRD42022365677)