Antibiotics Resistance Pattern of Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Slaughterhouse Wastewater in Jega Town, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Wastewater is an essential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which include resistant strains. This study determined the antibiotics resistance pattern of Coliform bacteria isolated from slaughterhouse wastewater in Jega local government. Five different samples of wastewater from different locations of a slaughterhouse were collected using standard sample collection techniques. Coliform bacteria were isolated using the standard microbiological method. The total bacterial count was determined using plate count agar. Suspected coliforms were identified based on morphological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the standard disc diffusion method. The highest bacterial count (8.4x102 CFU/ml) was observed from the wastewater collection point, and the lowest bacterial (1.2x102 CFU/ml) count from the slaughtering point. Three Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes, were identified. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated in slaughterhouse wastewater 39 (45.8%). Among the antibiotics tested against isolated bacteria, Septrin was the most resistant antibiotics recorded against E. coli and E. aerogenes with 84.61% and 88.89% resistant, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to show higher resistance to Chloramphenicol and Septrin with 84.21% resistance each. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from slaughterhouse wastewater showed the risks associated with antimicrobial drug resistance transferred from food-producing animals to humans. Management concerns, such as local government health officers and community development officers, should increase the sensitization of slaughterhouse workers by organizing conferences or conducting radio talk to educates these slaughterhouse workers on the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater and health risk associated with antimicrobial-drug resistance transferred from animals to humans

Escherichia coli dominance and antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections among diabetic patients: Insights from Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria

Background: The global rise in antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a growing concern, particularly among diabetic patients. This study examines the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial uropathogens in diabetic patients at Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital in Birnin Kebbi. Methods: A purposive sampling approach was used to collect 51 mid-stream urine samples in sterile containers. Cultural and biochemical methods were employed for the isolation and identification of uropathogenic bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using the disc diffusion method, with results interpreted according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: UTIs were prevalent in 23.5% (12/51) of the samples. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent uropathogen, accounting for 41.3% (7/17) of cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae at 23.5% (4/17). Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis each contributed to 17.6% (3/17) of cases. Notably, E. coli and K. pneumoniae exhibited 100% resistance to chloramphenicol and sparfloxacin, respectively. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for further molecular research to characterize these uropathogens and identify the genes contributing to antibiotic resistance

Antibiotics Resistant Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Spoiled Avocado Fruit Sold in Sokoto Metropolis

Consuming fruit contaminated with bacteria remains a crucial route of foodborne infection in developing countries and creates a severe public health burden. The research aimed to determine the antibiotic-resistant pattern of bacteria associated with the spoilage of Avocado pear (Persea americana) sold in the Sokoto metropolis. Twenty spoilt avocado fruits were obtained from market three in Sokoto Metropolis. The bacteriological analysis was carried out using the pour plate method. The antibiotic resistance pattern was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A total of five species of bacteria were isolated and identified in this study. The mean and standard error of total viable bacterial counts of avocado samples across three different locations ranged from 4.20 ± 5.77 to 8.43 ± 33.49 (x 104cfu/g). A total of 19 bacterial isolates were identified from avocado samples. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest frequency of occurrence, 16 (29.2%), while Klebsiella sp had the lowest frequency of occurrence, 7 (12.7%). Among all antibiotics tested against bacterial species, E. coli isolates were found to have 10(91%) and 9 (82) resistance against Ciprofloxacin and Streptomycin, respectively. Pseudomonas sp was found to be (100%) resistant to chloramphenicol and Septrin. However, S. aureus was found to have 12 (72%) resistance to Pefloxacin. Similarly, Klebsiella spp. were found to be 7 (100%) resistant to Septrin. Isolation of these bacterial species, especially E. coli from avocado samples analyzed, is of public health significance, especially the presence of antibiotic resistance species

The interplay among conflict, water scarcity, and cholera in Northern Nigeria

Abstract Cholera is a recurring issue in Nigeria, with outbreaks predominantly affecting the Northern states. In 2021, Nigeria experienced its most significant cholera epidemic in a decade, resulting in thousands of fatalities and cases. The spread of cholera and other waterborne diseases in Nigeria is linked to various factors such as flooding, conflict, and water scarcity. The country's poor drinking water quality and lack of equitable access to clean water exacerbate the problem, particularly in the conflict‐affected areas of the North. This paper discusses the interaction of conflict‐related displacement, water shortages, and cholera transmission in Northern Nigeria and provides insights into how these factors impact water resources and public health. This information can inform initiatives and policies to reduce the impact of conflict on water resources and enhance access to clean water in impacted areas. The article suggests that the primary challenges in eliminating cholera in the region include a lack of information due to severe security situations, bureaucratic requirements for delivering essential supplies, and a chronic shortage of water. A successful response to cholera in conflict and displacement situations also requires community engagement and the security and safety of humanitarian personnel. Long‐term solutions to the uprisings in the region are necessary to put an end to the issues related to banditry and insurgency

Pulmonary mycoses among pulmonary tuberculosis in Kebbi State North Western Nigeria

Abstract Background Pathogenic fungi are the source of the fungal illness known as pulmonary mycosis. The prevalence of pulmonary mycoses among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is continuously rising, despite improvements in the disease’s diagnosis, treatment, and management. Three hundred clinically confirmed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were recruited for this study. Sputum samples were collected and analyzed to detect M. tuberculosis using the GeneXpert machine. Fungal elements were determined using microscopy, culture, and fungal biochemical analysis. Fungal isolates were confirmed using nested PCR with the internal transcribed sequence region of the ribosomal cistron of the fungal species. Results Of the 300 sputum samples analyzed, 50 (16.7%) patients had pulmonary tuberculosis. Fungi pathogens were found in 142 patients (47.3%), with 99/142 (71.2%) primary infections, and 40/139 (29.5%) secondary infections. Among the secondary infections, 33 (11%) were fungi coinfections with rifampicin-sensitive MTB coinfections, while 7 (2.3%) were fungi co-infected with rifampicin-resistant MTB. Candida albican was the most common fungus isolate, accounting for 44 (31.7%), while non-Candidal albicans accounted for only 2 (1.4%). Of the 99 species responsible for primary infection, 33 (23.7%) were Blastomyces precursors, 30 (21.6%) were Candida species, and 21 (15.1%) were Aspergillus fumigatus. The fungal pathogen with the highest frequency of secondary infection was Candida species 14 (10.1%), followed by Aspergillus fumigatus 11 (7.9%), then Blastomyces precursors, and then 09 (6.5%). Conclusion In conclusion, this study determined the prevalence rate of fungal pathogens among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The most dominant species observed were Blastomyces species, which are seldom reported in Africa and Nigeria. The two others were Aspergillus and Candida species. The study showed that a high percentage of cases of this species, responsible for pulmonary mycosis, were misdiagnosed and treated as pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, there is a need for improved surveillance and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary infections for proper treatment