2,403 research outputs found
Naturalness of Neutralino Dark Matter
We investigate the level of fine-tuning of neutralino Dark Matter below 200
GeV in the low-energy phenomenological minimal supersymmetric Standard Model
taking into account the newest results from XENON100 and the Large Hadron
Collider as well as all other experimental bounds from collider physics and the
cosmological abundance. We find that current and future direct Dark Matter
searches significantly rule out a large area of the untuned parameter space,
but solutions survive which do not increase the level of fine-tuning. As
expected, the level of tuning tends to increase for lower cross-sections, but
regions of resonant neutralino annihilation still allow for a band at light
masses, where the fine-tuning stays small even below the current experimental
limits for direct detection cross-sections. For positive values of the
supersymmetric Higgs mass parameter \mu large portions of the allowed parameter
space are excluded, but there still exist untuned solutions at higher
neutralino masses which will essentially be ruled out if XENON1t does not
observe a signal.For negative \mu untuned solutions are not much constrained by
current limits of direct searches and, if the neutralino mass was found outside
the resonance regions, a negative \mu-term would be favored from a fine-tuning
perspective. Light stau annihilation plays an important role to fulfill the
relic density condition in certain neutralino mass regions. Finally we discuss,
in addition to the amount of tuning for certain regions in the neutralino
mass-direct detection cross-section plane, the parameter mapping distribution
if the allowed model parameter space is chosen to be scanned homogeneously
(randomized).Comment: v2: 29 pages, 16 figures. Published versio
From the Cooper problem to canted supersolids in Bose-Fermi mixtures
We calculate the phase diagram of the Bose-Fermi Hubbard model on the 3d
cubic lattice at fermionic half filling and bosonic unit filling by means of
single-site dynamical mean-field theory. For fast bosons, this is equivalent to
the Cooper problem in which the bosons can induce s-wave pairing between the
fermions. We also find miscible superfluid and canted supersolid phases
depending on the interspecies coupling strength. In contrast, slow bosons favor
fermionic charge density wave structures for attractive fermionic interactions.
These competing instabilities lead to a rich phase diagram within reach of cold
gas experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; replaced with published versio
Strongly Monotone Drawings of Planar Graphs
A straight-line drawing of a graph is a monotone drawing if for each pair of
vertices there is a path which is monotonically increasing in some direction,
and it is called a strongly monotone drawing if the direction of monotonicity
is given by the direction of the line segment connecting the two vertices.
We present algorithms to compute crossing-free strongly monotone drawings for
some classes of planar graphs; namely, 3-connected planar graphs, outerplanar
graphs, and 2-trees. The drawings of 3-connected planar graphs are based on
primal-dual circle packings. Our drawings of outerplanar graphs are based on a
new algorithm that constructs strongly monotone drawings of trees which are
also convex. For irreducible trees, these drawings are strictly convex
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A Dual-Mode Surface Acoustic Wave Delay Line for the Detection of Ice on 64°-Rotated Y-Cut Lithium Niobate
Ice accumulation on infrastructure poses severe safety risks and economic losses, necessitating effective detection and monitoring solutions. This study introduces a novel approach employing surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, known for their small size, wireless operation, energy self-sufficiency, and retrofit capability. Utilizing a SAW dual-mode delay line device on a 64°-rotated Y-cut lithium niobate substrate, we demonstrate a solution for combined ice detection and temperature measurement. In addition to the shear-horizontal polarized leaky SAW, our findings reveal an electrically excitable Rayleigh-type wave in the X+90° direction on the same cut. Experimental results in a temperature chamber confirm capability for reliable differentiation between liquid water and ice loading and simultaneous temperature measurements. This research presents a promising advancement in addressing safety concerns and economic losses associated with ice accretion
Conformal Little Higgs
Little Higgs models address the hierarchy problem by identifying the SM Higgs
doublet as pseudo-Nambu--Goldstone bosons (pNGB) arising from global symmetries
with collective breakings. These models are designed to address the little
hierarchy problem up to a scale of TeV.
Consequently, these models necessitate an ultraviolet (UV) completion above
this scale. On the other hand, conformal extensions of the Standard Model are
intriguing because scales emerge as a consequence of dimensional transmutation.
In this study, we present a unified framework in which the electroweak
hierarchy problem is tackled through a conformal symmetry collectively broken
around the TeV scale, offering an appealing UV completion for Little Higgs
models. Notably, this framework automatically ensures the presence of the
required UV fixed points, eliminating the need for careful adjustments to the
particle content of the theory. Moreover, this framework naturally addresses
the flavor puzzles associated with composite or Little Higgs models.
Furthermore, we suggest that in this framework all known Little Higgs models
can be UV-completed through conformal dynamics above the scale up to
arbitrary high scales.Comment: 8 page
Weak Factors are Everywhere
Factor Sequences are stochastic double sequences indexed in time and
cross-section which have a so called factor structure. The term was coined by
Forni and Lippi (2001) who introduced dynamic factor sequences. We introduce
the distinction between dynamic- and static factor sequences which has been
overlooked in the literature. Static factor sequences, where the static factors
are modeled by a dynamic system, are the most common model of macro-econometric
factor analysis, building on Chamberlain and Rothschild (1983a); Stock and
Watson (2002a); Bai and Ng (2002).
We show that there exist two types of common components - a dynamic and a
static common component. The difference between those consists of the weak
common component, which is spanned by (potentially infinitely many) weak
factors. We also show that the dynamic common component of a dynamic factor
sequence is causally subordinated to the output under suitable conditions. As a
consequence only the dynamic common component can be interpreted as the
projection on the infinite past of the common innovations of the economy, i.e.
the part which is dynamically common. On the other hand the static common
component captures only the contemporaneous co-movement
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