Educational tools for better eating : origin and evolution of dietary guidelines in Catalonia

Dietary guidelines are educational tools based on scientific evidence and on the characteristics of the target population. They must make it easier for people to make better food choices and therefore improve their health, as well as take better care of their environment. The first guidelines used different graphic ideas, until the so-called food triangle or pyramid model, first popularised in the 1990s, became the representation of reference for decades. More recently, the «healthy plate» has come to complement or replace the pyramid in many contexts, although other organisations, such as the Public Health Agency of Catalonia, have chosen to change the approach and design different and innovative guidelines

Benestar animal en parcs zoològics

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

Àcid esteràric i salut cardiovascular

L'àcid esteàric (AE) és un àcid gras saturat (AGS) de cadena llarga. Com que la ingesta d'AGS per part de la població és elevada i a causa de la seva implicació en el risc cardiovascular, s'aconsella el fet de disminuir-ne el consum. No obstant això, l'AE, a diferència d'altres AGS, sembla que exerceix poc efecte sobre els lípids i les lipoproteïnes plasmàtiques, encara que falten dades entorn del seu efecte global sobre la salut cardiovascular. Per tal d'aclarir aquest aspecte, els autors han dut a terme una recerca bibliogràfica a la base de dades del Ministeri de Salud Nord-americà (Pubmed/Medline, http://www.pubmed.gov), que pertany a la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (Bethesda,MD). Les dades disponibles mostren que, tot i que no és necessari el fet de disminuir el consum actual d'AE, no sembla prudent el fet de promoure'n un augment notable del consum per part de la població, a causa de la seva potencial implicació en la diabetis i pel fet que no existeixen dades suficients sobre els efectes que pot exercir una ingesta elevada d'AE sobre certs marcadors del risc cardiovascular.Stearic Acid (SA) is a long chain Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA). Because the SFA consumption is high among the population and because of its implication on cardiovascular risk, it is recommended to reduce its consumption.Nevertheless, SA, unlike others SFA, seems to have little effect on plasma lipid and lipoproteins, although more data is necessary about its global effect on cardiovascular health. In order to elucidate this aspect, the authors have carried out a bibliographic search in the United States Department of Health and Human Services database (Pubmed/Medline, http://www.pubmed.gov),which belongs to The National Library of Medicine (Bethesda, MD). The available data show that it is not necessary to reduce the present SA consumption, neither it is to promote a remarkable increase due to its potential implication on diabetes and because nowadays there is not enough data to know the effects of a high SA consumption on certain cardiovascular risk markers

Traditional Uses of Cannabinoids and New Perspectives in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Recent findings highlight the emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in the control of symptoms and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic, immune-mediated, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with no cure so far. It is widely reported in the literature that cannabinoids might be used to control MS symptoms and that they also might exert neuroprotective effects and slow down disease progression. This review aims to give an overview of the principal cannabinoids (synthetic and endogenous) used for the symptomatic amelioration of MS and their beneficial outcomes, providing new potentially possible perspectives for the treatment of this disease

Selected papers from OECD-NEA PSBT benchmark

Historically, the prediction of safety margins has been based on system level thermal-hydraulic calculations employing suitable empirical formulations for assembly specific geometries and fuel-element grid spacers. These works have assessed response, margins, and consequences for the system based on one-dimensional two-fluid or drift-flux type thermalhydraulics formulations with fuel-vendor specific hydraulic losses and heat transfer characteristics for various fuel assemblies, including the so-called hot channel. Analysis of the hot channel gives important information on flow rates, fuel element centerline temperature, fuel sheath temperature, and margin to the departure from nucleate boiling. Given the reliance of the above approaches on empirical formulations obtained from complex and often difficult experiments, there is significant interest in obtaining reliable and accurate results from computation tools which employ more fundamental empirical relationships which can be obtained from subsets of the domain or from other scaled experiments

El turismo de masas como sistema de producción: la revolución turística en el Mediterráneo, 1949-2014

This work considers different aspects related to the tourist economy and the economic history of tourism. In the first place, the scarcity of study on this important economic sector in the academic world, much more inclined to analysis of agriculture and industry rather than services, activities increasingly essential in economic structures. Secondly, the vision of mass tourism as one more piece in the globalization process, which made a decisive start in the 1950s. And, finally, an empirical focus on the Mediterranean as the epicenter of world tourism development since the late 1940s until practically the present day, based on the study of concrete indicators on the 22 countries that compose, in essence, the coast of the Mare Nostrum.El trabajo se plantea diferentes aspectos relacionados con la economía turística y la historia económica del turismo. En primer término, la escasa entidad que todavía tiene el estudio de este importante sector económico en el mundo académico, mucho más escorado a análisis sobre la agricultura y la industria, y mucho menos sobre los servicios, actividades cada vez más esenciales en las estructuras económicas. En segundo término, la visión del turismo de masas como una pieza más del proceso de globalización, con un arranque determinante desde los años 1950. Y, finalmente, la focalización empírica sobre el Mediterráneo como epicentro del desarrollo turístico mundial desde fines de los años 1940 hasta prácticamente el momento actual, a partir del estudio de indicadores concretos sobre los 22 países que componen, en esencia, la ribera del Mare Nostrum

School Menu Review Programme (PReME): evaluation of compliance with dietary recommendations during the period 2006–2020 in Catalonia

Menús escolars; Compliment de les recomanacions dietètiques; Nutrició infantilMenús escolares; Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dietéticas; Nutrición infantilSchool menus; Compliance with dietary recommendations; Child nutritionBackground: The School Menu Review Programme (PReME) has been offering complimentary revisions of meal plans to all schools in Catalonia since 2006. This study aims to assess the evolution of compliance with PReME’s recommendations in the meals provided by school cafeterias in Catalonia during the period 2006–2020. Methods: Pre-post study with a sample of 6,387 meal plans from 2221 schools assessed during the period. The information was collected mainly by public health specialists within the annual technical and sanitary inspection of school kitchens and cafeterias. Meal plans were evaluated by Dietitian-Nutritionists team according to the criteria of the National Health System’s “Consensus document on nutrition in schools” and the Public Health Agency of Catalonia’s current guide “Healthy eating at school”. Reports were sent to each participating school. A few months later, a new meal plan and another questionnaire were collected and evaluated in comparison with the first meal plan. Compliance with the recommendations was analysed based on the type of canteen management and the school category. Results: Compliance improved during the study period. The percentage of schools that complied with dietary recommendations in relation to the five PReME indicators (fresh fruit, pulses, daily vegetables, fresh food and olive oil for dressing) has steadily increased since PReME began, (over 70% in all indictors; p = < 0.001), with variations depending on school category and cafeteria management. Furthermore, an improvement in the levels of compliance with de recommended food frequencies was observed. with statistically significant differences for all items (p < 0.001), except for pulses whose compliance had been high since the beginning of the study (p = 0.216). Conclusions: The positive evolution in compliance with PReME’s recommendations provides evidence of the programme’s effectiveness, with an improvement in the quality of school meals delivered in Catalonia

Acompañar las comidas de los niños: consejos para comedores escolares y para las familias

Educació alimentària; Menjadors escolars; Programació de menúsNutrition education; School canteens; Programming menusEducación alimentaria; Comedores escolares; Programación de menúsL’Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPCAT) ha elaborat un document en què s’apunten recomanacions per als àpats dels infants, tant als menjadors escolars com també a les famílies. I una de les principals conclusions que proposa és que l’adult estableixi què, on i quan menja l’infant, però deixant que l’infant participi en la decisió sobre les quantitats.La Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPCAT) ha elaborado un documento en el que se apuntan recomendaciones para las comidas de los niños, tanto en los comedores escolares como en las familias. Y una de las principales conclusiones que propone es que el adulto establezca qué, dónde y cuándo come el niño, pero dejando que el niño participe en la decisión sobre las cantidade

Recomendaciones para la alimentación en la primera infancia (de 0 a 3 años) [manual]

Hàbits alimentaris; Infància; Nous alimentsFood habits; Childhood; New foodHábitos alimentarios; Infancia; Nuevos alimentosGuia d’assessorament, tant per als professionals dels centres d’atenció primària que ofereixen consell alimentari, com per a les famílies i les persones responsables d’escoles bressol, amb l’objectiu de millorar la qualitat de l’alimentació dels infants i el seu desenvolupamentGuide counseling for both primary care professionals who offer nutritional advice, for families and people responsible for kindergartens, with the aim of improving the quality of infant feeding and developmentGuía de asesoramiento, tanto para los profesionales de los centros de atención primaria que ofrecen consejo alimentario, como para las familias y las personas responsables de guarderías, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de la alimentación de los niños y el su desarroll