Electrochemical Conversion of the Lignin Model Veratryl Alcohol to Veratryl Aldehyde Using Manganese(III)-Schiff Base Homogeneous Catalysts

Lignin and other colored structures need to be bleached after the Kraft process in the pulp industry. Development of environmentally-safe bleaching catalysts or electrocatalysts constitutes an attractive strategy for selective removal of lignin. Seven manganese(III)-complexes with Schiff base ligands 1–7 were synthetized and characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The tetragonally elongated octahedral geometry for the manganese coordination sphere and the global µ-aquo dimeric structure were revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies for 1, Mn2L12(H2O)2(N(CN)2)2 (N(CN)2 = dicyanamide). Complexes 1–4 behave as more efficient peroxidase mimics as compared to 5–7. Electrochemical oxidation of the lignin model veratrylalcohol (VA) to veratrylaldehyde (VAH) is efficiently catalyzed by a type of dimanganese(III) complexes in a chlorine-free medium. The electrocatalytic reaction proceeds through the oxidation of chloride into hypochlorite at alkaline pH along with the formation of hydrogen from water as a subproductThis research was funded by Xunta de Galicia (GRC GI-1584-ED431C2018/13 Suprabioin Research Group, and MetalBIO Network ED431D 2017/01)S

Synthetic Route to Novel Asymmetric Tetradentate Ligands Containing Both Amino and Imino Groups

The 18th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThe synthesis of a new asymmetric ligand (E)-4-bromo-2-(((2-((5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol, which was conceived to model the asymmetry in the active site of peroxidase/catalase mimics, is reported. The new synthetic route involves seven steps: 1) obtention of phthalimido-acetal; 2) Acetal deprotection; 3) Synthesis of the salicylamine; 4) Obtention of the benzoxacine; 5) Reduction of the benzoxacine with NaBH3CN; 6) Reduction with hydrazine to form salycilamine; 7) Synthesis of the final ligand by condensation of salicylamine with salycilaldehyde. All organic products were characterised by microanalysis and 1H NMR, IR and mass spectroscopie

Crystal Structure of H2L (N,N'-BIS(3-METHOXYSALICYLIDENE)-1,4-Diaminobutane

The 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThree multidentate Schiff-base ligands were obtained by condensation of different diamines (1,3-diaminopropane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,4-diaminobutane) and 3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde to yield H 2 L n (H 2 L 1 , H 2 L 2 and H 2 L 3 , respectively). The ligands have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry (ES) and X-ray diffractio

Crystal structure of (n-n'-bis(3-ethoxysalicylidene)-1,2-diaminopropane

The 13th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThree hexadentate Schiff base ligands were obtained by condensation of 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and different diamines (1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,2-diamino-2-metylpropane) to yield H2Ln (H2L1, H2L2 and H2L3, respectively). The ligands have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry (ES) and X-ray diffractio

Long-term carbapenems antimicrobial stewardship program

Abstract: Objective. To evaluate clinical and antibiotic resistance impact of carbapenems stewardship programs. Methods: descriptive study, pre-post-intervention, between January 2012 and December 2019; 350-bed teaching hospital. Prospective audit and feedback to prescribers was carried out between January 2015 and December 2019. We evaluate adequacy of carbapenems prescription to local guidelines and compare results between cases with accepted or rejected intervention. Analysis of antibiotic-consumption and hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) bloodstream infections (BSIs) was performed. Results: 1432 patients were followed. Adequacy of carbapenems prescription improved from 49.7% in 2015 to 80.9% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Interventions on prescription were performed in 448 (31.3%) patients without carbapenem-justified treatment, in 371 intervention was accepted, in 77 it was not. Intervention acceptance was associated with shorter duration of all antibiotic treatment and inpatient days (p < 0.05), without differences in outcome. During the period 2015–2019, compared with 2012–2014, decreased meropenem consumption (Rate Ratio 0.58; 95%CI: 0.55–0.63), candidemia and hospital-acquired MDR BSIs rate (RR 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41–0.92, p = 0.02), and increased cefepime (RR 2; 95%CI: 1.77–2.26) and piperacillin-tazobactam consumption (RR 1.17; 95%CI: 1.11–1.24), p < 0.001. Conclusions: the decrease and better use of carbapenems achieved could have clinical and ecological impact over five years, reduce inpatient days, hospital-acquired MDR BSIs, and candidemia, despite the increase in other antibiotic-consumption

Crystal structure of H4L (N-N’-Bis(o-hydroxybenzoyl) 1,4 -diaminobutane

The 19th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisA bis-amide bis-phenoxi N2O2 ligand was obtained from the 2:1 molar reaction of phenyl salicylate and the diamine, 1,4-Diaminobutane, to yield H4L. The ligand has been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry (ES) and X ray diffraction spectroscop

DNA Barcoding as a tool for Zoological Taxonomy: Identification of bony fish in the Mediterranean Sea

The description of all the species present in nature is a vast task to be fulfilled by using the classical approach of morphological description of the organisms. In recent years, the traditional taxonomy, based primarily on identification keys of species, has shown a number of limitations in the use of the distinctive features in many animal taxa and inconsistencies with the genetic data. Furthermore, the increasing need to get a true estimate of biodiversity has led Zoological Taxonomy to seek new approaches and methodologies to support the traditional methods. The classification procedure has added modern criteriasuch as the evolutionary relationships and the genetic, biochemical and morphological characteristics of the organisms.Until now the Linnean binomial was the only abbreviated code associated with the description of the morphology of a species. The new technologies aim to achieve a short nucleotide sequence of the DNA to be used as an unique and solely label for a particular species, a specific genetic barcode. For both morphological and genetic approaches, skills and experience are required. Taxonomy is one of zoological disciplines that has been benefited from the achievements reached by modern molecular biotechnology. Using a molecular approach it is possible to identify cryptic species, to establish a family relationship between species and their membership of taxonomic categories or to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a taxon

The second workshop on lists of commercial fish and shellfish species for reporting of MSFD D3 (WKD3Lists2)

WKD3Lists2 created lists of regionally relevant commercial fish and shellfish species (and higher order taxa) for the use of Article 8 reporting by EU member states under Descriptor 3 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The regional taxa lists were based on landings data from the Fisheries Dependent Information data base (FDI) provided by EU member states and compiled by the Joint Research Centre (JRC). The taxonomy of landings data was consolidated by regional experts and the consolidated data were combined to obtain absolute and proportional landing weights and values for each (sub)re-gion, which were used to apply dual (weight and vale) selection thresholds to compile (sub)re-gional D3-taxa-lists. Regional D3-taxa-lists were produced for two MSFD regions (Baltic Sea & Black Sea) and eight MSFD subregions: The Greater North Sea, Celtic Seas, the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast, Mac-aronesia, Western Mediterranean, the Ionian Sea & Central Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea and the Aegean-Levantine Sea. To exclude taxa with very low landing weights or value from the final lists, two types of thresh-olds (cumulative and minimum) with differing cut-off values were evaluated (90%, 95%, 98% and 99% for cumulative and 0.1% and 1% for minimum thresholds). Depending on the cut-off value, the number of taxa included varied substantially and in most (sub)regions the application of thresholds reduced the initial number of taxa by more than 50%. WKD3Lists2 did not recommend any threshold type or cut-off value to be applied generically in all (sub)regions, but identified trade-offs between inclusiveness and parsimony of relevant con-tent i.e. higher cut-off values will lead to longer lists including many taxa with relatively low landings weights/values. In some (sub)regions, thresholds with lower cut-off values (90% to 95%) were considered feasible by regional experts (Mediterranean subregions, Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast, Macaronesia), whereas in other MSFD (sub)regions cut-off values in the range of 98-99% were considered as appropriate (Baltic Sea, Greater North Sea, Celtic Seas). The regional D3-taxa lists by WKD3Lists2 were created without considering the availability of data or assessments i.e. many species are included, for which no assessment information is avail-able. WKD3Lists2 decided on this approach because a representative selection of commercially targeted taxa was considered to indicate knowledge and data gaps in current data collection and assessment schemes. Regional species lists shall be used by EU member states for the national reporting of D3. Stocks and species from the regional lists shall be considered by member states, and additional stocks/species can be added where appropriate (e.g. those stocks/species of national or local of importance that do not appear on the regional lists). x WKD3Lists2 discussed and compiled recommendations on how Member States can complement the regional lists of D3-taxa. A key recommendation is to maintain taxa reported in 2018 under D3, even if they are not part of the regional D3-taxa list for 2024. Wherever possible, Member States should report on stock level. WKD3Lists2 also discussed linkages between D1 and D3-reporting of commercial taxa.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio