Gruźlica pęcherzyka żółciowego imitująca nowotwór złośliwy – opis przypadku

Niezwykle rzadko udaje się poprawnie przedoperacyjnie rozpoznać gruźlicę pęcherzyka żółciowego przy braku patognomonicznych cech w obrazie klinicznym i badaniach obrazowych. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono przypadek 50-letniej chorej, którą zoperowano po wstępnym rozpoznaniu nowotworu złośliwego pęcherzyka żółciowego, a następnie w badaniu histopatologicznym stwierdzono gruźlicę pęcherzyka żółcioweg

Tuberculosis of gall-bladder mimicking malignancy – a case report

A correct preoperative diagnosis of gall-bladder tuberculosis is exceptionally unusual in the absence of pathognomic features both on clinical presentation and on imaging. Herein we present a case of 50 year female who was operated with a provisional diagnosis of gall-bladder malignancy and was found to have tuberculosis of gall-bladder on histopatholog

Duodenal Tuberculosis – A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is rare and often difficult to diagnose infection. We report a case of duodenal tuberculosis, who presented with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. There was evidence of obstruction in the third part of duodenum (D3) on oesophagogastro endoscopy, barium meal follow through and CT scan of abdomen. On exploration there was thickening of D3 and D4 causing luminal obstruction. Resection of stricturous segment with end-to-side duodenojejunostomy was done. Biopsy of the diseased segment was tubercular. Antitubercular treatment was given to the patient for 6 months and he is doing well on follow up (1 year after surgery). Duodenal tuberculosis being the rarest form of intestinal tuberculosis poses great difficulty in diagnosis. High index of suspicion supported by radiological investigation, exploratory laparotomy and histopathological examination of the tissue can only lead to a definitive diagnosis of this rare condition. Treatment is both surgical which involves resection or by-pass for an obstructive lesion and medical which includes antitubercular therap

Cascade‐IλDμN controller design for AGC of thermal and hydro‐thermal power systems integrated with renewable energy sources

Abstract Expert, intelligent and robust automatic generation control (AGC) scheme is requisite for stable operation and control of power system (PS) integrated with renewable energy sources (RES) under sudden/random small load disturbances. Large frequency deviations appear if AGC capacity is inept to compensate for the imbalances of generation and demand. In this paper, a cascade‐fractional order ID with filter (C‐IλDμN) controller is proposed as an expert supplementary controller to promote AGC recital adequately in electric power systems incorporated with RES like solar, wind and fuel cells. The imperialist competitive algorithm is fruitfully exploited for optimizing the controller parameters. First, a 2‐area reheat thermal system is examined critically and then to authorize the worth of the proposed controller, the study is protracted to a 2‐area multi‐source hydro‐thermal system. The prominent benefits of C‐IλDμN controller with/without renewable energy sources consist of its great indolence to large load disturbances and superiority over various optimized classical/fuzzy controllers published recently. The sensitivity study validates the robustness of the recommended controller against ±20% deviations in the system parameters and random step load perturbations