Financiamiento de la Educación Superior en el cambio de gobierno Kirchnerista -Macrista (2015-2016)

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre el tratamiento otorgado al presupuesto destinado a financiar la educación superior pública en el cambio de gobierno kirchnerista al macrista en el periodo 2015-2016. Por lo tanto, se hará una revisión bibliográfica y a partir de allí se describirán y caracterizarán los dos posicionamientos frente a la problemática de carácter político e ideológico entre quienes toman al presupuesto universitario como un gasto y quienes lo toman como una inversión.Fil: Mancusi, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentin

Experimental device-independent certified randomness generation with an instrumental causal structure

The intrinsic random nature of quantum physics offers novel tools for the generation of random numbers, a central challenge for a plethora of fields. Bell non-local correlations obtained by measurements on entangled states allow for the generation of bit strings whose randomness is guaranteed in a device-independent manner, i.e. without assumptions on the measurement and state-generation devices. Here, we generate this strong form of certified randomness on a new platform: the so-called instrumental scenario, which is central to the field of causal inference. First, we theoretically show that certified random bits, private against general quantum adversaries, can be extracted exploiting device-independent quantum instrumental-inequality violations. To that end, we adapt techniques previously developed for the Bell scenario. Then, we experimentally implement the corresponding randomness-generation protocol using entangled photons and active feed-forward of information. Moreover, we show that, for low levels of noise, our protocol offers an advantage over the simplest Bell-nonlocality protocol based on the Clauser-Horn-Shimony-Holt inequality.Comment: Modified Supplementary Information: removed description of extractor algorithm introduced by arXiv:1212.0520. Implemented security of the protocol against general adversarial attack

Letture Idromorfiche del Territorio: La città di Matera

Hydromorphic analysis uses the concept of hydrographic basin, interpreted in its dynamic meaning, to analyze territorial contexts of any size. This allows multi-scalar analyzes that allow to overcome urban fragmentation and interpret the territory differently, integrating the morphological characteristics with the more urban planning and land use aspects. In this schematization, the different territorial portions are connected by the dynamics of the respective surface outflows, thus also highlighting the mutual influence that each area exerts on the other. The declination of the role attributed to the different areas: upper mountain, intermediate slope and lower valley, helps to highlight the relationships between the different urbanized and non-urbanized places, ensures an effective reading of the hydromorphic complexities involved in urban transformation processes and territorial, and allows to evaluate the adaptability of a territory, based on the morphological conformation that characterizes it and on the dynamics of the surface outflows that are established there. The proposed approach allows to quantitatively express the response of each analyzed context and, therefore, to develop comparisons between different scenarios, providing useful information and support for decision-making choices.L’analisi idromorfica utilizza il concetto di bacino idrografico, interpretato nel suo significato dinamico, per analizzare contesti territoriali di qualunque dimensione. Ciò permette analisi multi scalari che permettono di superare la frammentazione urbanistica e leggere diversamente il territorio, integrando le caratteristiche morfologiche con gli aspetti più urbanistici e di uso del suolo. In tale schematizzazione, le diverse porzioni territoriali vengono ad essere connesse dalla dinamica dei rispettivi deflussi superficiali, evidenziando così anche l’influenza reciproca che ciascuna area esercita sull’altra. La declinazione del ruolo attribuito alle diverse aree: alta di monte, intermedia di versante e bassa di valle, contribuisce a mettere in evidenza i rapporti fra i differenti luoghi urbanizzati e non, assicura un’efficacie lettura delle complessità idromorfiche coinvolte nei processi di trasformazione urbana e territoriale, e permette di valutare la capacità di adattamento di un territorio, basandosi sulla conformazione morfologica che lo caratterizza e sulla dinamica dei deflussi superficiali che vi si instaurano. L’approccio proposto permette di esprimere quantitativamente la risposta di ogni contesto analizzato e, quindi, di sviluppare confronti tra differenti scenari, fornendo utili indicazioni e supporto alle scelte decisionali

Gender differences in predictors of intensive care units admission among COVID-19 patients: The results of the SARS-RAS study of the italian society of hypertension

The global rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission during the COVID-19 pandemic varies within countries and is among the main challenges for health care systems worldwide. Conflicting results have been reported about the response to coronavirus infection and COVID-19 outcomes in men and women. Understanding predictors of intensive care unit admission might be of help for future planning and management of the disease. Methods and findings We designed a cross-sectional observational multicenter nationwide survey in Italy to understand gender-related clinical predictors of ICU admission in patients with COVID-19. We analyzed information from 2378 charts of Italian patients certified for COVID-19 admitted in 26 hospitals. Three hundred ninety-five patients (16.6%) required ICU admission due to COVID19 infection, more frequently men (74%), with a higher prevalence of comorbidities (1,78\ub10,06 vs 1,54\ub10,03 p<0.05). In multivariable regression model main predictors of admission to ICU are male gender (OR 1,74 95% CI 1,36\u20132,22 p<0.0001) and presence of obesity (OR 2,88 95% CI 2,03\u20134,07 p<0.0001), chronic kidney disease (OR: 1,588; 95%, 1,036\u20132,434 p<0,05) and hypertension (OR: 1,314; 95% 1,039\u20131,662; p<0,05). In gender specific analysis, obesity, chronic kidney disease and hypertension are associated with higher rate of admission to ICU among men, whereas in women, obesity (OR: 2,564; 95% CI 1,336\u20134.920 p<0.0001) and heart failure (OR: 1,775 95% CI: 1,030\u20133,057) are associated with higher rate of ICU admission. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that gender is the primary determinant of the disease\u2019s severity among COVID-19. Obesity is the condition more often observed among those admitted to ICU within both genders

Collaborative Strategies for Sustainable EU Flood Risk Management: FOSS and Geospatial Tools—Challenges and Opportunities for Operative Risk Analysis

An analysis of global statistics shows a substantial increase in flood damage over the past few decades. Moreover, it is expected that flood risk will continue to rise due to the combined effect of increasing numbers of people and economic assets in risk-prone areas and the effects of climate change. In order to mitigate the impact of natural hazards on European economies and societies, improved risk assessment, and management needs to be pursued. With the recent transition to a more risk-based approach in European flood management policy, flood analysis models have become an important part of flood risk management (FRM). In this context, free and open-source (FOSS) geospatial models provide better and more complete information to stakeholders regarding their compliance with the Flood Directive (2007/60/EC) for effective and collaborative FRM. A geospatial model is an essential tool to address the European challenge for comprehensive and sustainable FRM because it allows for the use of integrated social and economic quantitative risk outcomes in a spatio-temporal domain. Moreover, a FOSS model can support governance processes using an interactive, transparent and collaborative approach, providing a meaningful experience that both promotes learning and generates knowledge through a process of guided discovery regarding flood risk management. This article aims to organize the available knowledge and characteristics of the methods available to give operational recommendations and principles that can support authorities, local entities, and the stakeholders involved in decision-making with regard to flood risk management in their compliance with the Floods Directive (2007/60/EC)

FloodRisk: a collaborative, free and open-source software for flood risk analysis

The European ‘Floods Directive’ 2007/60/EC focuses on the development of flood risk maps and management plans on the basis of the most appropriate and advanced tools. This pushed a paradigm shift for moving to sustainable development through processes of stakeholder engagement to improve the efficiency and transparency of decision processes. In this context, this research project developed a free and open-source GIS software, called FloodRisk, to operatively support stakeholders in their compliance with risk map delineation and the management of current and future flood risk based on their needs for multi-purpose applications. In this paper, a high-resolution impact assessment framework based on 2D inundation modelling with different return periods was used, as input, within the FloodRisk model to reconstruct the socio-economic damages based on a case study showing how structural and non-structural measures can significantly decrease the cost of floods for households. The sensitivity of the FloodRisk model was also examined and it was found to be highly dependent on the selection of damage functions and the economic values of the exposed assets

VIII FORUM PROARCH - IL PROGETTO DI ARCHITETTURA COME INTERSEZIONE DI SAPERI

L’analisi dell’area urbana di Matera, condotta confrontando l’andamento dei deflussi superficiali relativi a molteplici scenari pluviometrici e di assetto urbano, ha consentito di valutare gli impatti delle trasformazioni operate sul territorio. In particolare, esprimendo attraverso opportuni indicatori le variazioni dei principali parametri idraulici (altezze, velocità, portate) che hanno immediata conseguenza sulle condizioni di fruibilità e pericolosità dei luoghi urbani

Article multitemporal SAR data and 2D hydrodynamic model flood scenario dynamics assessment

The increasing number of floods and the severity of their consequences, which is caused by phenomena, such as climate change and uncontrolled urbanization, create a growing need to develop operational procedures and tools for accurate and timely flood mapping and management. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), with its day, night, and cloud-penetrating capacity, has proven to be a very useful source of information during calibration of hydrodynamic models considered indispensable tools for near real-time flood forecasting and monitoring. The paper begins with the analysis of radar signatures of temporal series of SAR data, by exploiting the short revisit time of the images that are provided by the Cosmo-SkyMed constellation of four satellites, in combination with a Digital Elevation Model for the extraction of flood extent and spatially distributed water depth in a flat area with complex topography during a flood event. These SAR-based hazard maps were then used to perform a bi-dimensional hydraulic model calibration on the November 2010 flood event at the mouth of the Bradano River in Basilicata, Italy. Once the best fit between flood predictions of hydrodynamic models was identified and the efficacy of SAR data in correcting hydrodynamic inconsistencies with regard to reliable assessment of flood extent and water-depth maps was shown by validation with the December 2013 Bradano River event. Based on calibration and validation results, the paper aims to show how the combination of the time series of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived water-depth maps with the data from the hydrodynamic model can provide valuable information for flood dynamics monitoring in a flat area with complex topography. Future research should focus on the integration and implementation of the semi-automatic proposed method in an operational system for near real-time flood management

Experimental device-independent certified randomness generation with an instrumental causal structure

The intrinsic random nature of quantum physics offers novel tools for the generation of random numbers, a central challenge for a plethora of fields. Bell non-local correlations obtained by measurements on entangled states allow for the generation of bit strings whose randomness is guaranteed in a device-independent manner, i.e. without assumptions on the measurement and state-generation devices. Here, we generate this strong form of certified randomness on a new platform: the so-called instrumental scenario, which is central to the field of causal inference. First, we theoretically show that certified random bits, private against general quantum adversaries, can be extracted exploiting device-independent quantum instrumental-inequality violations. To that end, we adapt techniques previously developed for the Bell scenario. Then, we experimentally implement the corresponding randomness-generation protocol using entangled photons and active feed-forward of information. Moreover, we show that, for low levels of noise, our protocol offers an advantage over the simplest Bell-nonlocality protocol based on the Clauser-Horn-Shimony-Holt inequality