Hipertensão arterial, diabetes melito e dislipidemia de acordo com o índice de massa corpórea: estudo em uma população brasileira

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia in a Brazilian population in relation to body mass index. METHOD: Retrospective evaluation of 1213 adults (mean age: 45.2 ± 12.8; 80.6% females) divided into groups according to body mass index [normal (18.5 - 24.4 kg/m²); overweight (25 - 29.9 kg/m²); grade 1 obesity (30 - 34.9 kg/m²); grade 2 obesity (35 - 39.9 kg/m²), and grade 3 obesity (>; 40 kg/m²)]. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed in each group. The severity of cardiovascular risk was determined. High-risk patients were considered those reporting 2 or more of the following factors: systemic hypertension, HDL ; 240 mg/dL, triglycerides >; 200 mg/dL when HDL ; 126 mg/dL. Moderate-risk patients were those reporting 2 or more of the following factors: systemic hypertension, HDL ; 200 mg/dL, and total cholesterol >; 200 mg/dL. RESULTS: The prevalence of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol levels increased along with weight, but the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia did not. The odds ratio adjusted for gender and age, according to grade of obesity compared with patients with normal weight were respectively 5.9, 8.6, and 14.8 for systemic hypertension, 3.8, 5.8, and 9.2 for diabetes mellitus and 1.2, 1.3, and 2.6 for hypertriglyceridemia. We also verified that body mass index was positively related to cardiovascular high risk (P ;240mg/dl, triglicérides >;200mg/dl quando HDL ;126mg/dl; risco moderado aqueles com 2 ou mais dos seguintes fatores: hipertensão arterial, HDL ;200mg/dl e colesterol total >;200mg/dl. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo da prevalência de hipertensão arterial, diabete melito, hipertrigliceridemia, HDL-colesterol baixo, porém não houve maior prevalência de hipercolesterolemia. O odds ratio, ajustado para idade e sexo, para obesidade em relação aos indivíduos de peso normal foi 5,9, 8,6 e 14,8 para hipertensão; 3,8, 5,8 e 9,2 para diabete melito e 1,2, 1,3 e 2,6 para hipertrigliceridemia. Após estabelecer severidade do risco cardiovascular, verificamos que o índice de massa corpórea se correlacionou de forma significativa com alto risco cardiovascular (p< 0.0001). CONCLUSÃO: Em nossa população, observamos aumento do risco cardiovascular com aumento do índice de massa corpórea

Da Baco a Farfalla: storia di una metamorfosi

Nel corso degli anni, di necessità in necessità, nella biblioteca dell’Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”(IZSAM) sono state create e gestite attività per soddisfare bisogni conoscitivi e formativi impellenti legati all’evoluzione del contesto (società digitale e della conoscenza) e dei compiti istituzionali. Dalla conservazione fisica di libri e riviste a quella virtuale, dalla catalogazione home made all’esperienza SBN e ACNP, dall’indicizzazione e spoglio dei periodici all’indicizzazione delle risorse; dalle cartoline postali per le richieste di articoli scientifici all’universo NILDE: una manciata di anni per copernicane rivoluzioni della galassia Biblioteca. Allo stesso tempo l’aumento e la differenziazione degli utenti, conseguenza della pervasività e diffusione della rete hanno determinato la comparsa di nuovi scenari e candidato la Biblioteca a protagonista di molteplici variegati fronti: formazione, produzione di ricerca scientifica, valutazione della ricerca scientifica, creazione di repository istituzionale, informazione normativa e giornalistica. La Biblioteca dell’IZSAM ha fatto scelte coraggiose, come l’accesso aperto:la rivista open access Veterinaria Italiana, corredata di impact factor; il repository istituzionale - vetrina e archivio (a breve auto implementato); la fornitura degli articoli direttamente ai ricercatori. I risultati conseguiti riguardano due aspetti essenziali: −− il rafforzamento del valore sociale in termini di diffusione della conoscenza, di formazione e informazione degli utenti, di raccolta e conservazione della documentazione scientifica, di interlocutore privilegiato aperto al territorio locale soprattutto per le tematiche sanitarie; −− l’incremento del valore economico, vale a dire l’utile realizzato sugli investimenti di funzionamento (abbonamenti alle banche dati, gold road, personale), in termini di produzione e pubblicazione di risultati della ricerca scientifica, valutazione della produzione scientifica, realizzazione di risparmi attraverso la partecipazione a consorzi, contributo dato alla presentazione o rendicontazione di progetti di ricerca, twinning, opportunità di incontro tra ricercatori, ritorno d’immagine e “fiducia” per l’intera organizzazione.During the past years, so to address the different needs of our users, the library of the dell’Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”(IZSAM) has fostered several activities to support the pressing scientific and educational necessities arising from both the emergence of the socalled information society – data-driven societies, which are dependant of the use of information and communication technologies, and the evolution of the institutional role of the library itself. The past decade has been characterised by radical changes in the library science and management. We went from the physical to the digital archiving of books and journals, from an artisanal archiving procedure to the with SBN and ACNP, from the use of indexing paper-based publications to online indexing and search engines, from postcards sent to request scientific articles to the NILDE universe At the same time, our users grew in number and became a heterogeneous group, assigning to the library a leading role in a all new set of scenarios prompted by the information-revolution: education; scientific research production; scientific research evaluation; creation of an institutional repository; circulation of news, both media-oriented and governance-related. The IZASAM library made brave decisions, like fostering an open access policy with respect to the scientific, peer-reviewed journal Veterinaria Italiana, which is indexed in some of the major scientific repositories and has an impact factor; as well as with the creation of an institutional repository – an (auto-implemented) archive, and the supporting of the IZASAM research staff by providing them directly with the research articles and books that they may need.The obtained results concerns two pivotal aspects: the strengthening of the social value of the library; re: the sharing of information and knowledge, the fostering users’ education, the collection and archiving of scientific publications, and the crucial role that the library acquired in its territory for the sharing of scientific information concerning health-related topics; the growing of the economic value; i.e. the profit made on the investments made to improve the library’s activities (subscription to repositories, gold road, and staff), along with the production and publication of scientific research, evaluation of the scientific output, the participation in consortia, the collaboration in research projects, i.e. focusing on the budgeting and circulation of news relevant to the considered research projects, twinning, as well as organisation of networking opportunities for the IZASAM researchers; and eventually the support to the reputation of the whole IZASAM and of the public trust in it

Retro-inverso peptide inhibitor nanoparticles as potent inhibitors of aggregation of the Alzheimer’s Aβ peptide

Aggregation of Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the effects of nanoliposomes decorated with the retro-inverso peptide RI-OR2-TAT (Ac-rGffvlkGrrrrqrrkkrGy-NH2) on the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ. Remarkably low concentrations of these peptide inhibitor nanoparticles (PINPs) were required to inhibit the formation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils in vitro, with 50% inhibition occurring at a molar ratio of ~1:2000 of liposome-bound RI-OR2-TAT to Aβ. PINPs also bound to Aβ with high affinity (Kd = 13.2 - 50 nM), rescued SHSY-5Y cells from the toxic effect of pre-aggregated Aβ, crossed an in vitro blood-brain-barrier model (hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer), entered the brains of C57/BL6 mice, and protected against memory loss in APPSWE transgenic mice in a novel object recognition test. As the most potent aggregation inhibitor that we have tested so far, we propose to develop PINPs as a potential disease-modifying treatment for AD

Ecosistemi per la ricerca Atti Convegno ACNP/NILDE Trieste, 22-23 maggio 2014

Il secondo convegno congiunto ACNP / NILDE: ecosistemi per la ricerca è stato ospitato dal 22 al 23 maggio 2014 dall’Università di Trieste. Sotto gli auspici della stessa Università di Trieste e degli altri enti di ricerca del Friuli Venezia Giulia1 sono stati affrontati in un’ottica internazionale i temi del rapporto tra cataloghi collettivi e servizi interbibliotecari, e il più generale ambito dei servizi bibliografici per la ricerca scientifica. ACNP e NILDE possono essere considerati un vero e proprio ecosistema. Le biblioteche e i bibliotecari collaborano tra di loro in maniera reciproca e secondo modalità interconnesse, offrendo agli utenti servizi sempre più evoluti e dinamici. Questo ecosistema, essendo aperto, mette i propri servizi a disposizione della ricerca scientifica in senso generale. Il convegno di Trieste ha offerto l’occasione di investigare e proporre soluzioni innovative, interconnessioni e relazioni nuove e più proficue. Il convegno ha presentato alcune rilevanti esperienze internazionali in tema di servizi interbibliotecari e cataloghi collettivi e la prosecuzione di attività che erano state proposte come spunti di ispirazione nel convegno precedente2 inoltre si sono condotte delle riflessioni sulle nuove esigenze dell’utenza. Una ultima parte è dedicata alla illustrazione degli sviluppi tecnici e le prospettive future di ACNP e di NILDE. Hanno partecipato all’evento oltre 200 colleghi italiani e stranieri ed i relatori dei 18 contributi provenivano da Italia, Germania, Austria, Grecia, Slovenia e Stati Uniti. Il carattere di confronto e di condivisione delle esperienze tipico della realtà partecipativa di ACNP e NILDE, è emerso anche in questa occasione nella tavola rotonda - di cui viene riportato un resoconto dettagliato - che ha affrontato il tema della valutazione della ricerca dal punto di vista delle biblioteche. Inoltre, la molto partecipata sessione poster ha ospitato 13 lavori- anch’essi riportati nel volume - incentrati oltre che su ACNP e NILDE anche sul tema ricerca e sistema biblioteca, dando ottimi spunti di partecipazione, dialogo e confronto sulle diverse realtà in cui operiamo

Establishment of Wolbachia strain wAlbB in Malaysian populations of Aedes aegypti for dengue control

Dengue has enormous health impacts globally. A novel approach to decrease dengue incidence involves the introduction of Wolbachia endosymbionts that block dengue virus transmission into populations of the primary vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The wMel Wolbachia strain has previously been trialed in open releases of Ae. aegypti; however, the wAlbB strain has been shown to maintain higher density than wMel at high larval rearing temperatures. Releases of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes carrying wAlbB were carried out in 6 diverse sites in greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, with high endemic dengue transmission. The strain was successfully established and maintained at very high population frequency at some sites or persisted with additional releases following fluctuations at other sites. Based on passive case monitoring, reduced human dengue incidence was observed in the release sites when compared to control sites. The wAlbB strain of Wolbachia provides a promising option as a tool for dengue control, particularly in very hot climates

The rapid spread of SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant in Italy reflected early through wastewater surveillance

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged in South Africa in November 2021, and has later been identified worldwide, raising serious concerns. A real-time RT-PCR assay was designed for the rapid screening of the Omicron variant, targeting characteristic mutations of the spike gene. The assay was used to test 737 sewage samples collected throughout Italy (19/21 Regions) between 11 November and 25 December 2021, with the aim of assessing the spread of the Omicron variant in the country. Positive samples were also tested with a real-time RT-PCR developed by the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), and through nested RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Overall, 115 samples tested positive for Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. The first occurrence was detected on 7 December, in Veneto, North Italy. Later on, the variant spread extremely fast in three weeks, with prevalence of positive wastewater samples rising from 1.0% (1/104 samples) in the week 5-11 December, to 17.5% (25/143 samples) in the week 12-18, to 65.9% (89/135 samples) in the week 19-25, in line with the increase in cases of infection with the Omicron variant observed during December in Italy. Similarly, the number of Regions/Autonomous Provinces in which the variant was detected increased from one in the first week, to 11 in the second, and to 17 in the last one. The presence of the Omicron variant was confirmed by the JRC real-time RT-PCR in 79.1% (91/115) of the positive samples, and by Sanger sequencing in 66% (64/97) of PCR amplicons. In conclusion, we designed an RT-qPCR assay capable to detect the Omicron variant, which can be successfully used for the purpose of wastewater-based epidemiology. We also described the history of the introduction and diffusion of the Omicron variant in the Italian population and territory, confirming the effectiveness of sewage monitoring as a powerful surveillance tool

Procalcitonin Is Not a Reliable Biomarker of Bacterial Coinfection in People With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Undergoing Microbiological Investigation at the Time of Hospital Admission

Abstract Admission procalcitonin measurements and microbiology results were available for 1040 hospitalized adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (from 48 902 included in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium World Health Organization Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK study). Although procalcitonin was higher in bacterial coinfection, this was neither clinically significant (median [IQR], 0.33 [0.11–1.70] ng/mL vs 0.24 [0.10–0.90] ng/mL) nor diagnostically useful (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.56 [95% confidence interval, .51–.60]).</jats:p

Implementation of corticosteroids in treating COVID-19 in the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK:prospective observational cohort study

BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone was the first intervention proven to reduce mortality in patients with COVID-19 being treated in hospital. We aimed to evaluate the adoption of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19 in the UK after the RECOVERY trial publication on June 16, 2020, and to identify discrepancies in care. METHODS: We did an audit of clinical implementation of corticosteroids in a prospective, observational, cohort study in 237 UK acute care hospitals between March 16, 2020, and April 14, 2021, restricted to patients aged 18 years or older with proven or high likelihood of COVID-19, who received supplementary oxygen. The primary outcome was administration of dexamethasone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, or methylprednisolone. This study is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN66726260. FINDINGS: Between June 17, 2020, and April 14, 2021, 47 795 (75·2%) of 63 525 of patients on supplementary oxygen received corticosteroids, higher among patients requiring critical care than in those who received ward care (11 185 [86·6%] of 12 909 vs 36 415 [72·4%] of 50 278). Patients 50 years or older were significantly less likely to receive corticosteroids than those younger than 50 years (adjusted odds ratio 0·79 [95% CI 0·70–0·89], p=0·0001, for 70–79 years; 0·52 [0·46–0·58], p80 years), independent of patient demographics and illness severity. 84 (54·2%) of 155 pregnant women received corticosteroids. Rates of corticosteroid administration increased from 27·5% in the week before June 16, 2020, to 75–80% in January, 2021. INTERPRETATION: Implementation of corticosteroids into clinical practice in the UK for patients with COVID-19 has been successful, but not universal. Patients older than 70 years, independent of illness severity, chronic neurological disease, and dementia, were less likely to receive corticosteroids than those who were younger, as were pregnant women. This could reflect appropriate clinical decision making, but the possibility of inequitable access to life-saving care should be considered. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research and UK Medical Research Council