53 research outputs found
Plasma Turbulence in the Local Bubble
Turbulence in the Local Bubble could play an important role in the
thermodynamics of the gas that is there. The best astronomical technique for
measuring turbulence in astrophysical plasmas is radio scintillation.
Measurements of the level of scattering to the nearby pulsar B0950+08 by
Philips and Clegg in 1992 showed a markedly lower value for the line-of-sight
averaged turbulent intensity parameter is smaller than normal for two of them, but is completely nominal for
the third. This inconclusive status of affairs could be improved by
measurements and analysis of ``arcs'' in ``secondary spectra'' of pulsars.Comment: Submitted to Space Science Reviews as contribution to Proceedings of
ISSI (International Space Science Institute) workshop "From the Heliosphere
to the Local Bubble". Refereed version accepted for publicatio
Challenges of comprehensive taxon sampling in comparative biology: Wrestling with rosids
Using phylogenetic approaches to test hypotheses on a large scale, in terms of both species sampling and associated species traits and occurrence dataâand doing this with rigor despite all the attendant challengesâis critical for addressing many broad questions in evolution and ecology. However, application of such approaches to empirical systems is hampered by a lingering series of theoretical and practical bottlenecks. The community is still wrestling with the challenges of how to develop speciesâlevel, comprehensively sampled phylogenies and associated geographic and phenotypic resources that enable globalâscale analyses. We illustrate difficulties and opportunities using the rosids as a case study, arguing that assembly of biodiversity data that is scaleâappropriateâand therefore comprehensive and global in scopeâis required to test globalâscale hypotheses. Synthesizing comprehensive biodiversity data sets in clades such as the rosids will be key to understanding the origin and presentâday evolutionary and ecological dynamics of the angiosperms.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143800/1/ajb21059.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143800/2/ajb21059_am.pd
4pi Models of CMEs and ICMEs
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which dynamically connect the solar surface to
the far reaches of interplanetary space, represent a major anifestation of
solar activity. They are not only of principal interest but also play a pivotal
role in the context of space weather predictions. The steady improvement of
both numerical methods and computational resources during recent years has
allowed for the creation of increasingly realistic models of interplanetary
CMEs (ICMEs), which can now be compared to high-quality observational data from
various space-bound missions. This review discusses existing models of CMEs,
characterizing them by scientific aim and scope, CME initiation method, and
physical effects included, thereby stressing the importance of fully 3-D
('4pi') spatial coverage.Comment: 14 pages plus references. Comments welcome. Accepted for publication
in Solar Physics (SUN-360 topical issue
The International Pulsar Timing Array: First data release
International audienceThe highly stable spin of neutron stars can be exploited for a variety of (astro)physical investigations. In particular, arrays of pulsars with rotational periods of the order of milliseconds can be used to detect correlated signals such as those caused by gravitational waves. Three such 'pulsar timing arrays' (PTAs) have been set up around the world over the past decades and collectively form the 'International' PTA (IPTA). In this paper, we describe the first joint analysis of the data from the three regional PTAs, i.e. of the first IPTA data set. We describe the available PTA data, the approach presently followed for its combination and suggest improvements for future PTA research. Particular attention is paid to subtle details (such as underestimation of measurement uncertainty and long-period noise) that have often been ignored but which become important in this unprecedentedly large and inhomogeneous data set. We identify and describe in detail several factors that complicate IPTA research and provide recommendations for future pulsar timing efforts. The first IPTA data release presented here (and available on-line) is used to demonstrate the IPTA's potential of improving upon gravitational-wave limit
Processes of person formulation in early school careers
2 volsSIGLEAvailable from British Library Lending Division - LD:D57871/85 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
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