The Role of Agricultural Extension in Increasing Competence and Income Rice Farmers

The success of agricultural development in Indonesia in developing the ability of farmers is inseparable from the role of extension services carried out professionally. This study aims to (1) Analyzing the level of farmers 'perceptions about the role of extension workers in improving the competence of rice farmers in Tayawa Village, and (2) Analyzing factors that influence the level of farmers' perceptions about the role of extension workers in increasing the competence of rice farmers in Tayawa Village. This research uses a survey method with a descriptive analysis approach and a quantitative paradigm, supplemented with qualitative data information to support and sharpen quantitative analysis. The level of competence of middle rice farmers tends to be low, due to the weak role of agricultural extension workers. The role of the instructor as a communicator, facilitator, educator, and communicator turned out to have a positive effect on increasing the competence of rice farmers. But now these factors tend to be low so that it is still lacking in efforts to increase the competence of rice farmers

Interdependence of Farmers and Increasing Cocoa Productivity in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Indonesia Ministry (KEMENTRISTEKDIKTI) Abstract Cocoa is a pre-eminent commodity in Central Sulawesi Province. Cocoa farming has not increased its productivity due to pest infestation, low maintenance of crops and low access of farmers to capital. This has an impact on the low productivity and income of farmers. This study aims to analyze the effect of interdependence level of farmers on the productivity of cocoa farming in Central Sulawesi Province. The study was conducted in four districts in Central Sulawesi Province, namely Poso, Sigi, North Morowali and Donggala districts. Cluster random sampling technique was used drawing 380 sample respondents, in relatively advanced and less developed village clusters. The results showed that low in the filter system, competitiveness, and partnership sub-system of farmer interdependence. Low productivity of farmers (0,8 tons/hectare)  while the potential productivity was (2 tons/hectare). Them low productivity of farmers was due to the low level of their interdependence. Farmer income per month Rp.1,325,030.00 is also below the minimum wage rate of laborers of Central Sulawesi Province Rp.1,807,775.00. Keywords: cocoa, farmer, interdependence, productivit

PENGARUH BOBOT RIMPANG DAN KOMBINASI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var.rubrum)

Ginger as a biopharmaca commodity plant occupies a very important position in the economy of the Indonesian people so it is important to be cultivated. The study aims to determinate the best rhizome weight and composition of planting media and their interaction with the initial growth of red ginger seedlings. this study was designed using a randomized block factorial design with 2 treatment factor consisting of the first factor being planting media (M) consisting of: M1 : soil; M2: soil + sand + cow manure (1:1:1); M3: soil + sand+chicken manure ( 1:1:1); M4: soil + sand + goat manure (1:1:1); M5:soil + husk charcoal + cow manure (1:1:1); M6: soil+husk charcoal + chicken manure (1:1:1); M7: soil + husk charcoal + goat manure (1:1:1). the second factor is the weight of the rhizome  (R) which consists of R1: rhizome weight 10 ≥ to <20 grams; R2 rhizome weight ≥20 to  ≤30 grams. The result showed that the treatment of the use of rhizome weight of ≥20 to ≤30 grams significantly affected plant height, the number of leaves, shoot diameter, and several shoots. the use of the composition of the planting media (M5) gives the best effect on the age parameters of sprouting. there was no interaction on all observed parameters

Karakteristik Petani dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Alih Fungsi Lahan Kakao ke Nilam

Kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang mempunyai peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Kakao menjadi salah satu komoditas ekspor dan penghasil devisa negara selain minyak dan gas. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik petani dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi alih fungsi lahan kakao ke nilam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Kalora Kecamatan Poso Pesisir Utara Kabupaten Poso pada Juni sampai Agustus 2021. Pemilihan tempat dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) dengan pertimbangan bahwa Desa Kalora memiliki luar areal lahan kakao sebesar 514 hektar dan memiliki petani kakao yang melakukan alih fungsi lahan ke nilam. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara sensus terbagi atas 75 petani kakao yang tetap mengusahakan kakao dan 60 petani nilam yang melakukan alih fungsi lahan dari kakao ke nilam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendapatan menjadi faktor yang mendorong petani melakukan alih fungsi lahan dari kakao ke nilam. Umur, tingkat pendidikan, luas lahan dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga petani nilam tidak berbeda dengan petani kakao. Akan tetapi terdapat perbedaan pada pengalaman, tingkat produksi dan tingkat serangan hama penyakit. Adapun pendapatan petani nilam perbulan sebesar Rp.1.007.027 lebih tinggi dibandingkan pendapatan kakao Rp. -80.221 perbulan

Factors Affecting the Competence of Cocoa Farmers in Central Sulawesi Province

Cocoa is a pre-eminent commodity in Indonesia after oil palm and rubber. However, there has not been much improvement in production due to the lack of technological improvement and lack of extension support in increasing the competence of cocoa farmers. This study aims to: (1) analyze the characteristics of cocoa farmers, extension roles, and competence of cocoa farmers, (2) to analyze the effect of farmer characteristics and extension service role on cocoa farmers competency level, (3) analyze the extension approach in improving farmers’ competence. The study was conducted in four districts in Central Sulawesi Province, namely Poso, Sigi, North Morowali and Donggala districts. Cluster random sampling technique was applied with relatively advanced and less developed village clusters in each district. The total research samples were 380. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). The results show that the level of competence of low cocoa farmers is caused by the weakness to cosmopolitan. In addition, the low competence is due to the weak role of extension personal as communicator, advisor, dynamics role, motivator, organizer, and educator. Efforts to increase farmer's competence require their cosmopolitan improvement and extension personal roles as communicators, advisors, motivators, organizers, educators and dynamic role

Interaction of Municipal Garbage Waste and Local Microorganisms (LOM) of Banana Weevil on Soybean Yield

Soybean is the third main food commodity after rice and corn because soybean is a source of protein for Indonesian people. The high use of inorganic fertilizers causes fertile land resources to decrease. The need for soybeans increases with the increase in population. Reduced availability of soybean supply so efforts are needed to increase soybean production. Utilization of municipal waste as an effort to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers. The study aimed to determine the effect of the interaction between municipal solid waste and local microorganisms on banana weevils on soybean yields. The research was conducted in Tember Village Tompaso District Minahasa Regency from May to October 2021. The study used a completely randomized factorial design. The treatment consists of, Factor I (A) = city waste compost. A0=without municipal waste compost, A1=10 tonnes/ha municipal waste compost, A2=20 tonnes/ha municipal waste compost. Factor II (B) = dosage of banana weevil local microorganisms. B0=without local microorganisms; B1= 50 ml of banana weevil local microorganisms/1 liter of water; B2=100 ml of banana weevil local microorganisms/1 liter of water, B3= 150 ml of banana weevil local microorganisms/1 liter of water. Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 36 trial pots. The results showed that the concentration of 150 ml of local microorganisms (LOM) on banana weevil at 20 tonnes/ha of municipal waste compost increased the number of soybean seeds by 532 and the weight of soybean seeds per plant was 107 grams

The Prevalence of Helminthiasis in Bali Cattle in Pamona Puselemba District Poso Regency

Worms in the digestive tract of livestock are generally asymptomatic or chronic. The disease causes economic losses due to decreased body weight and productivity of livestock, and can even cause death. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of helminthic parasitic infections in the digestive tract of Bali cattle in Pamona Puselemba District Poso Regency. This type of research is an experimental laboratory and was carried out from January to December 2021. This study used 77 samples of Bali cattle feces obtained from cattle belonging to the community in Pamona Puselemba District and maintained intensively or extensively. The inspection process used the floating test method and the sedimentation test at the Maros Veterinary Center Laboratory Maros Regency South Sulawesi Province. Based on the results of the study, the prevalence of parasitic worm infection in the digestive tract of Bali cattle in Pamona Puselemba District Poso Regency was 71.45%. The types of worms that infect the digestive tract of Bali cattle include worms Paramphistomum spp, 32.47% and followed by worms Trichostrongylus spp, 5.19%, Strongyloides, spp 2.56%, and Cooperia 2.56%. There are liver flukes or Fasciola that infect 2.56% and are infected with protozoa, namely Eimeria, spp with a prevalence of 3.89%

Role of Agricultural Extension in Increasing Competence and Income Rice Farmers

The success of agricultural development in Indonesia in developing the ability of farmers is inseparable from the role of extension services carried out professionally. This study aims to (1) Analyzing the level of farmers 'perceptions about the role of extension workers in improving the competence of rice farmers in Tayawa Village, and (2) Analyzing factors that influence the level of farmers' perceptions about the role of extension workers in increasing the competence of rice farmers in Tayawa Village. This research uses a survey method with a descriptive analysis approach and a quantitative paradigm, supplemented with qualitative data information to support and sharpen quantitative analysis. The level of competence of middle rice farmers tends to be low, due to the weak role of agricultural extension workers. The role of the instructor as a communicator, facilitator, educator, and communicator turned out to have a positive effect on increasing the competence of rice farmers. But now these factors tend to be low so that it is still lacking in efforts to increase the competence of rice farmers

The Increasing Capacity of Rice Farmers through the Role Agricultural Extension

Agricultural extension agents are agents of change who are directly related to farmers The purpose of the extension is to change the behavior of farmers in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and skills so that farmers have a more prosperous life. Rice farmers in West Tojo District carry out farming activities that still rely on hereditary habits, causing farmers to lack the capacity to run food crop businesses, both technically in cultivation, harvesting, and marketing. The objectives of the study are (1) to determine the level of capacity of rice farmers in Kabalo Village Tojo Una-Una District and, (2) to determine the effect of the role of extension agents on increasing the capacity of rice farmers in Kabalo Village Tojo Una-Una District. This research was conducted from March 2020 to August 2020 in Kabalo Village West Tojo District Tojo Una-Una Regency. This study used a population sample of 56 rice farmers. Based on the results of this study, the role of agricultural extension agents had an effect on the success rate of rice farmers in Kabalo Village. Through increasing the role of extension workers, both facilitators, motivators, mediators, advisors, and communicators, could increase the capacity of farmers in managing capital, utilizing technology, labor, and marketing processes that benefit farmers