Estimating the Counterparty Risk Exposure by using the Brownian Motion Local Time

In recent years, the counterparty credit risk measure, namely the default risk in \emph{Over The Counter} (OTC) derivatives contracts, has received great attention by banking regulators, specifically within the frameworks of \emph{Basel II} and \emph{Basel III.} More explicitly, to obtain the related risk figures, one has first obliged to compute intermediate output functionals related to the \emph{Mark-to-Market} (MtM) position at a given time $t \in [0, T],$ T being a positive, and finite, time horizon. The latter implies an enormous amount of computational effort is needed, with related highly time consuming procedures to be carried out, turning out into significant costs. To overcome latter issue, we propose a smart exploitation of the properties of the (local) time spent by the Brownian motion close to a given value

Prioritization role of psychological factors in the process of popular participation groups to preserve, revival, develop and using natural resources (Case study: Iran. Ilam Province)

AbstractThe main purpose of present research is Prioritizing psychological factors in the process of popular participation groups to preserve, revival, develop and using natural resources in Ilam province. The present study is casual – relative research. .the statistical population included all experts and users of Ilam natural resources office. The sample size was calculated using Cochran formula and it included 317users and 56experts. Stratified and cluster sampling and simple random sampling was used for users and experts. sampling study of the method of sampling class, multi-stage cluster for the community to use simple random sampling for the community are experts. This research tool is the questionnaire in terms of validity based on comments of experts and the implementation of reliability tests performed and the alpha value of 88% is calculated. For data analysis descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to help software spss version 15 was used. The results showed that experts in the community to encourage exploitation of Psychological variables, the rate of exploitation and rate of commitment to the highest priority needs and level of confidence to exploit low priority on people's participation Attract participation natural resources have had. And exploitation in society participation variables believed correct, knowledge of the advantages of natural resources and projects a positive attitude toward teamwork highest priority and commitment level variables exploiters, priority needs to have the lowest priority

Spatial effects in hospital expenditures: a district level analysis

Geographical clusters in health expenditures are well documented and accounting for spatial interactions may contribute to properly identify the factors affecting the use of health services the most. As for hospital care, spillovers may derive from strategic behaviour of hospitals and from patients’ preferences that may induce mobility across jurisdictions, as well as from geographically-concentrated risk factors, knowledge transfer and interactions between different layers of care. Our paper focuses on a largely overlooked potential source of spillovers in hospital expenditure: the heterogeneity of primary care providers’ behaviour. To do so, we analyse expenditures associated to avoidable hospitalisations separately from expenditures for highly complex treatments, as the former are most likely affected by General Practitioners, while the latter are not. We use administrative data for Italy’s Region Emilia Romagna between 2007 and 2010. Since neighbouring districts may belong to different Local Health Authorities (LHAs), we employ a spatial contiguity matrix that allows to investigate the effects of geographical and institutional proximity and use it to estimate Spatial Autoregressive and Spatial Durbin Models

Does the extension of primary care practice opening hours reduce the use of emergency services?

Over-crowding in Emergency Departments (EDs) generates potential inefficiencies. Using regional administrative data, we investigate the impact of an increase in the accessibility of primary care on ED visits in Italy. We test whether extending practice opening hours up to 12 hours/day reduces inappropriate ED visits. We estimate count data models, considering different measures for ED visits recorded at the list level. Since the extension programme is voluntary, we also account for the potential endogeneity of participation, using a two-stage residual inclusion and a GMM approach. Our results show that improving primary care accessibility favours a more appropriate use of EDs

Peta Kendali Atribut Menggunakan Zero-Inflated Generalized Poisson

If the variable is a discrete random variable with Poisson distribution, the data analysis must fulfill the equidispersion assumption. In reality, these assumptions are not fulfilled because the variance is greater than the mean which is called overdispersion. Overdispersion in data can occur due to the proportion of excess zero values in these variables. To estimate the parameters, the MLE method can be used on data that has a certain distribution by maximizing the likelihood function, it obtained is implicit or nonlinear so that it cant be solved analytically. To get the numerical solution, it solved by using the EM algorithm. The estimation results of the ZIGP distribution parameters are used to create control chart limits for the 2016 Neonatal Mortality Rate data in Makassar with limits of , , and . The  chart ARL value is , which is greater than the chart ARL value, which is  which indicates that the  chart is better at detecting outliers

A study on the impact of AL-FEC techniques on TV over IP Quality of Experience

Abstract In this contribution, an evaluation of the effectiveness of Application Layer-Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) scheme in video communications over unreliable channels is presented. In literature, several AL-FEC techniques for reducing the effect of noisy transmission on multimedia communication have been adopted. Recently, their use has been proposed for inclusion in TV over IP broadcasting international standards. The objective of the analysis performed in this paper is to verify the effectiveness of AL-FEC techniques in terms of perceived Quality of Service (QoS) and more in general of Quality of Experience (QoE), and to evaluate the trade-off between AL-FEC redundancy and video quality degradation for a given packet loss ratio. To this goal, several channel error models are investigated (random i.i.d. losses, burst losses, and network congestions) on test sequences encoded at 2 and 4 Mbps. The perceived quality is evaluated by means of three quality metrics: the full-reference objective quality metric NTIA-VQM combined with the ITU-T Rec. G.1070, the full-reference DMOS-KPN metric, and the pixel-wise error comparison performed by using the PSNR distortion measure. A post-processing synchronization between the original and the reconstructed stream has also been designed for improving the fidelity of the performed quality measures. The experimental results show the effectiveness and the limits of the Application Layer protection schemes

A study on the impact of AL-FEC techniques on TV over IP Quality of Experience

Abstract In this contribution, an evaluation of the effectiveness of Application Layer-Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) scheme in video communications over unreliable channels is presented. In literature, several AL-FEC techniques for reducing the effect of noisy transmission on multimedia communication have been adopted. Recently, their use has been proposed for inclusion in TV over IP broadcasting international standards. The objective of the analysis performed in this paper is to verify the effectiveness of AL-FEC techniques in terms of perceived Quality of Service (QoS) and more in general of Quality of Experience (QoE), and to evaluate the trade-off between AL-FEC redundancy and video quality degradation for a given packet loss ratio. To this goal, several channel error models are investigated (random i.i.d. losses, burst losses, and network congestions) on test sequences encoded at 2 and 4 Mbps. The perceived quality is evaluated by means of three quality metrics: the full-reference objective quality metric NTIA-VQM combined with the ITU-T Rec. G.1070, the full-reference DMOS-KPN metric, and the pixel-wise error comparison performed by using the PSNR distortion measure. A post-processing synchronization between the original and the reconstructed stream has also been designed for improving the fidelity of the performed quality measures. The experimental results show the effectiveness and the limits of the Application Layer protection schemes