Soil Dehydrogenase Activity: a Comparison Between the Ttc and Int Method. a Review

Soil enzyme activities are very sensitive to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances and show a quick response to the induced change. Soil dehydrogenase enzyme are one of the main components of soil enzymatic activities participating in and assuring the correct sequence of all the biochemical routes in soil biogeochemical cycles. Dehydrogenase activity is measured by two methods using the TTC and INT substrate. Different biotic and abiotic factors such as incubation time and temperature, pre-incubation, soil aeration and moisture content have significant effect on dehydrogenase activity in soil. Dehydrogenase enzyme is often used as a measure of any disruption caused by pesticides, trace elements or management practices to the soil, as well as a direct measure of soil microbial activity. This review describes the role of intracellular enzyme-dehydrogenase in the soil environment, and the most common laboratory procedure used for measure dehydrogenase activity by two methods using the TCC and INT substrate

オキナワ・キタダイトウジマノサトウキビバタケニオケルリョクヒドウニュウガドジョウビセイブツカッセイオヨビドジョウヨウブントクセイニアタエルエイキョウノカイメイ

博士（農学）東京農工大

Inventarisasi Jenis Tanaman Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria s.) di Desa Ongkaw, Kecamatan Sinonsayang, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

Tanaman Sansevieria yang dikenal sebagai tanaman hias ini memiliki keindahan pada warna dan bentuk daun, tergantung varietasnya. Ciri khas tanaman ini daunnya yang menjulur panjang seperti lidah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis tanaman Sansevieria yang dibudidayakan di Desa Ongkaw, Kecamatan Sinonsayang, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode penjelajahan secara langsung. Morfologi Sansevieria yang ditemukan difoto dan diamati. Hasil penelitian di Desa Ongkaw menunjukkan adanya 11 jenis tanaman Sansevieria yang terdapat di tiga titik lokasi penelitian, yaitu diantaranya Sansevieria trifasciata laurentii, Sansevieria trifasciata, Sansevieria cylindrica, Sansevieria hahnii, Sansevieria stuckyi, Sansevieria pinguicula, Sansevieria kirkii, Sansevieria ehrenbergii, Sansevieria dracaena trifasciata moonshine, Sansevieria golden flame, Sansevieria mansoniana. Sansevieria trifasciata laurentii paling banyak ditemukan dibandingkan dengan jenis Sanseviera lainnya. The color and shape of the leaves of the Sansevieria plant, which is known as an ornamental plant, vary depending on the variety. This plant is distinguished by the length of its leaves, which resemble a tongue. The purpose of this study was to identify the different types of Sansevieria plants that are grown in Ongkaw Village, Sinonsayang District, South Minahasa Regency. The direct exploration method was used to collect data. The morphology of the discovered Sansevieria was photographed and observed. The results of research in Ongkaw Village showed that there were 11 types of Sansevieria plants found at three research locations, namely Sansevieria trifasciata laurentii, Sansevieria trifasciata, Sansevieria cylindrica, Sansevieria hahnii, Sansevieria stuckyi, Sansevieria pinguicula, Sansevieria kirkii, Sansevieria ehrenbergii, Sansevieria dracaena trifasciata moonshine , Sansevieria golden flame, Sansevieria mansoniana. When compared to other types of Sansevieria, Sansevieria trifasciata laurentii was the most commo

INVENTARISASI DAN PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI OBAT TRADISIONAL OLEH MASYARAKAT DI DESA RANTEBUA, KABUPATEN TORAJA UTARA

ABSTRACTMedicinal plants are plants that have efficacy as a medicine whose properties  known from scientific studies that are clinically proven to be beneficial for health. This research aims to find out how to use plants used as traditional medicine and to find out the types of plants used  traditional medicine by the community in Rantebua Village. Based on the research conducted obtained 38 plants that are used as traditional medicine, Andrographis paniculata, Allium cepa, Annona muricata, Apium graveolens, Centella asiatica, Areca catechu, Colocasia esculenta, Cocos nucifera, Ageratum conyzoldes, Vernonia amygdalina, Anredera cordifolia, Ananas comosus, Carica papaya, Ipomoea batatas, Sechium edule, Momordica charantia, Jatropha curcas, Euphorbia tirucalli, Orthosiphon aristatus, Plectranthus scutellarioides, Ocimum sanctum, Persea americana, Eleutherine palmifolia, Abelmoschus manihot, Musa paradisiaca, Psidium guajava, Piper betle, Imperata cylindrica, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Sauropus androgynus, Saccharum officinarum, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Solanum betaceum, Phaleria macrocarpa, Aloe vera, Zingibern officinale, Curcuma domestica, consisting of 26 families. Keywords: Inventory, Plants, Folk Remedies, Utilization ABSTRAK Tumbuhan obat adalah tumbuhan yang mempunyai khasiat sebagai obat yang khasiatnya diketahui dari hasil telaah secara ilmiah yang terbukti secara klinis bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara pemanfaatan tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat di Desa Rantebua. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan  38 tumbuhan yang di manfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional di antaranya Andrographis paniculata, Allium cepa, Annona muricata, Apium graveolens, Centella asiatica, Areca catechu, Colocasia esculenta, Cocos nucifera, Ageratum conyzoldes, Vernonia amygdalina, Anredera cordifolia, Ananas comosus, Carica papaya, Ipomoea batatas, Sechium edule, Momordica charantia, Jatropha curcas, Euphorbia tirucalli, Orthosiphon aristatus, Plectranthus scutellarioides, Ocimum sanctum, Persea americana, Eleutherine palmifolia, Abelmoschus manihot, Musa paradisiaca, Psidium guajava, Piper betle, Imperata cylindrica, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Sauropus androgynus, Saccharum officinarum, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Solanum betaceum, Phaleria macrocarpa, Aloe vera, Zingibern officinale, Curcuma domestica, yang terdiri dari 26 famili. Kata kunci: Inventarisasi, Tumbuhan, Obat Tradisional, Pemanfaata

Sustainable Campus Through Organic Waste Management Program Implementation

Implementing an organic waste management program is a crucial step in realizing a sustainable campus. Organic waste management such as yard waste management program in Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, is crucial to maintaining a sustainable environment. The university's efforts to implement sustainable waste management practices, such as recycling and create an alternative energy sources like biodigester, have significantly reduced the amount of waste sent to landfills and creates valuable resources such as heat and liquid organic fertilizer. The application of liquid organic fertilizer from a biodigester on the university's green house resulted in an increased Pakcoy growth parameters and productions. By using liquid organic fertilizer from a biodigester is a sustainable and effective way to fertilize green areas at Sam Ratulangi University. By implementing this practice, the university can reduce waste and support healthy plant growth while also promoting environmental stewardship

Eksplorasi Fungi Endofit Tumbuhan Mangrove Avicennia marina sebagai Penghasil Senyawa Antibakteri

Eksplorasi senyawa bahan alam masih terus dilakukan dari isolat-isolat mikroba baru seiring dengan resistensi terhadap senyawa antibiotik dan antimikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengisolasi fungi endofit dari tumbuhan mangrove Avicennia marina dan mengoptimasi waktu fermentasi yang terbaik untuk aktivitas antibakteri. Metode yang digunakan adalah fermentasi fungi endofit pada media cair dan pengujian antibakteri dengan metode sumuran. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh lima isolat fungi endofit dari A. marina yang memiliki kemampuan antibakteri terhadap bakteri jenis Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Satu isolat fungi endofit yaitu AVI.1 menunjukkan potensi yang sangat menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan karena memiliki waktu fermentasi tersingkat (lima hari) dan penghambatan yang kuat terhadap ketiga bakteri uji

Small-Scale Biogas Reactors Converting Organic Waste to Energy and Ferlilizer: A Case Study of Sam Ratulangi University Green Campus Project

Organic Waste Management (OWM) has been a major problem worldwide in most of the cities among developing countries such as Indonesia. Sam Ratulangi University (UNSRAT) is located in the rural setting of the medium city of Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, was committed to achieving minimum waste across all campus locations, by averting some waste through reduced consumption and diverting the rest through recycling, composting, or reusing. A large amount of yard waste such as grass, leaves, and branches is produced on campus in UNSRAT, which is a problem that needs to be effectively solved. Composting is a sustainable OWM practice that converts organic waste into valuable products such as liquid organic fertilizer and biogas. OWM and bioenergy production are complementary to each other, because the application of compost back into the soil can contribute to sustainable soil health, and biogas is the principal renewable energy source that manages potentially harmful organic wastes. Thus, in the present article, recycling of organic waste has recently become an important topic and the intensification of organic waste conversion strategies was elaborated and analyzed frequently. The result indicated that creating a small-scale biogas reactor is more cost-effective, eco-friendly, and presents a sustainable waste treatment method within UNSRAT campus into valuable products that promote the university as a green campus. Keyword: bioenergy; biogas reactor; organic waste; organic liquid fertilize

Penggulungan Daun Pada Padi Lokal Sulut Saat Kekurangan Air

Ketersediaan air merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas produksi padi di Indonesia. Kajian sifat tahan kering pada padi lokal Sulawesi Utara (Sulut) perlu dilakukan, dalam upaya mendukung tercapainya tujuan strategis meningkatkan kemampuan wilayah Sulawesi untuk menjadi pilar ketahanan pangan nasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi sifat tahan kering pada empat varietas padi local Sulut (Burungan, Superwin, Temo dan Ombong) pada saat kekurangan air berdasarkan karakter penggulungan daun. Setelah 14 hari perlakuan, skor penggulungan daun pada tanaman yang diairi berkisar 3-4, sedangkan pada tanaman yang tidak diairi rata-rata 9. Pada perlakuan tidak diairi skor penggulungan daun terendah pada Superwin (7,26) dibandingkan pada Burungan (8,86), Temo (8,57) dan Ombong (8,85). Berdasarkan karakter skor penggulungan daun, sifat tahan kering Superwin lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ketiga padi lokal Sulut lainnya, sehingga varietas ini potensial untuk ditanam di daerah kekurangan air.Water availability is one factor limiting rice production in Indonesia. The evaluation of drought resistance in North Sulawesi local rice is important to elevate Sulawesi capability as food security supporter. This study was conducted to evaluate drought resistance in four local rice cultivars (Burungan, Superwin, Temo and Ombong) under water deficit condition based on the leaf rolling score. After 14 days of treatment, mean of leaf rolling score in well-watered plants was 3-4, whereas in water deficit plants was 9. Under water deficit, Superwin had the lowest score (7.26) compared with Burungan (8.86), Temo (8.57), and Ombong (8.85). Based on the leaf rolling score character, drought resistance in Superwin was larger than the other 3 local rice cultivars, so that Superwin was potential to be cultivated in the water limited area

Penggulungan Daun Pada Padi Lokal Sulut Saat Kekurangan Air

Ketersediaan air merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas produksi padi di Indonesia. Kajian sifat tahan kering pada padi lokal Sulawesi Utara (Sulut) perlu dilakukan, dalam upaya mendukung tercapainya tujuan strategis meningkatkan kemampuan wilayah Sulawesi untuk menjadi pilar ketahanan pangan nasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi sifat tahan kering pada empat varietas padi local Sulut (Burungan, Superwin, Temo dan Ombong) pada saat kekurangan air berdasarkan karakter penggulungan daun. Setelah 14 hari perlakuan, skor penggulungan daun pada tanaman yang diairi berkisar 3-4, sedangkan pada tanaman yang tidak diairi rata-rata 9. Pada perlakuan tidak diairi skor penggulungan daun terendah pada Superwin (7,26) dibandingkan pada Burungan (8,86), Temo (8,57) dan Ombong (8,85). Berdasarkan karakter skor penggulungan daun, sifat tahan kering Superwin lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ketiga padi lokal Sulut lainnya, sehingga varietas ini potensial untuk ditanam di daerah kekurangan air.Water availability is one factor limiting rice production in Indonesia. The evaluation of drought resistance in North Sulawesi local rice is important to elevate Sulawesi capability as food security supporter. This study was conducted to evaluate drought resistance in four local rice cultivars (Burungan, Superwin, Temo and Ombong) under water deficit condition based on the leaf rolling score. After 14 days of treatment, mean of leaf rolling score in well-watered plants was 3-4, whereas in water deficit plants was 9. Under water deficit, Superwin had the lowest score (7.26) compared with Burungan (8.86), Temo (8.57), and Ombong (8.85). Based on the leaf rolling score character, drought resistance in Superwin was larger than the other 3 local rice cultivars, so that Superwin was potential to be cultivated in the water limited area

Potensi Kayu Apu (Pistia stratiotes) di Perairan Danau Tempe Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi terhadap Ion Logam Cu2+

Lake Tempe is a technical lake that stretches across three districts in South Sulawesi, namely Wajo Regency, Sidendang Rappang Regency and Soppeng Regency. Because of its vastness, people use the lake for various activities, one of which is the textile industry. The textile industry uses a lot of chemicals which are then dissolved in water. These materials contain suspended solids, organic substances and heavy metals. The washing stage is the final process of the textile industry. The waste product is liquid waste containing heavy metals, including copper (Cu). To reduce or remove Cu metal found in Tempe Lake, phytoremediation techniques are used. Phytoremediation is an effort made to remove hazardous substances in areas contaminated with waste by using plants that have phytoremediator properties. Water plants that can be used are apu wood (Pistia stratiotes). The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of apu (Pistia stratiotes) to remediate Cu2 + in contaminated Lake Tempe water. The research method used included: Cu2+ assay, physicochemical analysis, Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) and identification of functional groups. The greatest adsorbed Cu metal ion on apu wood is on the 10th day of 100,274 mg / Kg.