The Effect of Payment Gateway, Digitization, and Financial Literacy on MSME Performance

This research was conducted on MSMEs in the city of Bandung. This research is entitled "The effect of payment gateway, MSME digitization, and financial literacy on MSME performance." This study aims to determine the effect of payment gateways, MSME digitization, and financial literacy on MSME performance. Sampling in this study employed a purposive sampling technique with specific categories. The number of samples used was obtained from 118 respondents. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this research explain that; (1) Payment gateway has a positive effect on MSME performance; (2) MSME digitization has a positive effect on MSME performance; (3) Financial literacy has a positive effect on MSME performance. The implication of this research is expected to be used as a reference for future researchers on the same topic. This research is also expected to benefit MSME actors in managing their businesses and improving their business performance by using payment gateways, digitization of their business products, and increasing their financial literacy. In addition, this research is expected to be additional information for the Bandung City government regarding the factors that support the improvement of MSME performance so that the Bandung City government or regulator can provide policies and programs related to payment gateways, MSME digitization, and financial literacy so as to encourage MSME performance. The information can be considered by the Bandung City government so that MSMEs can be more optimal in contributing to the GRDP of Bandung City.Keywords: Payment gateway, MSME Digitization, Financial Literacy, MSME Performanc

The Use of Chemistry of Garnets and Heavy Minerals Around Lalago Kimberlite Pipe in Deciphering Diamond and Non-Diamond Bearing Kimberlite Pipes in Tanzania

More than three hundred kimberlite pipes have been reported in Tanzania. Only a few are diamond–bearing. A prospecting criteria to outline the diamond and non-diamond bearing kimberlites has been proposed. Bulk rock chemical analyses and chemistry of garnets and black minerals (picroilmenite, magnetite, rutile and titanite) collected around one kimberlite pipe in Tanzania were studied using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Electron Microprobe (EMP). Although chromite and zircons occur in kimberlite pipes, they were not used in this study because they also characterize other surrounding rocks. Electron microprobe analysis of heavy minerals indicate that the ilmenites (picroilmenite) are poor in MgO contents (0.03 – 0.6 wt.%); but are rich in MnO (9.94 – 12.27wt.%). The garnets are poor in Cr2O3 with pronounced almandine content which has led to the conclusion of having a barren kimberlite source. It is suggested that combination of the chemistry of garnet and heavy minerals may be used as an exploration tool for deciphering diamond and non-diamond bearing kimberlites.Keywords: Electron microprobe, black minerals, mineral and fluid inclusions, kimberlites, garnets

Thermal Decomposition of CxF2 x+1C(O)OONO2(x = 2, 3, 4)

The atmospheric degradation of molecules containing the CxF2x+1C(O) moiety, such as perfluoroaldehydes CxF2x+1C(O)H (x = 2-4) formed in the degradation of telomeric alcohols, could lead to the formation of perfluoroacyl peroxynitrates CxF2x+1C(O)OONO2. The thermal decomposition of the CxF2x+1C(O)OONO2 family (x = 2, 3, 4) was investigated by infrared spectroscopy and computational models. Each peroxynitrate synthesis was performed through the photolysis of gas mixtures of the corresponding perfluoroaldehyde, chlorine, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen. Kinetic analysis for the thermal decomposition of peroxynitrates were performed in the range from 297.0 to 313.7 K at a total pressure of 1000 mbar and the activation energy was experimentally determined. Experimental data were complemented with theoretical data using the Gaussian09 Program Suite. The structures of peroxynitrates were optimized using DFT methods. The activation energies were calculated and investigated taking into account the stereoelectronic effects and using theoretical calculations as well as NBO analysis. The influence of anomeric interaction over the O-N bond was evaluated for all the molecules. Analysis of the results shows that CxF2x+1C(O)OONO2 stability is independent of CxF2x+1 chain length, in contrast to the behavior for perfluoroalkyl peroxynitrates (CxF2x+1OONO2).Fil: Vila, Jesús Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Iriarte, Ana Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Chiappero, Malisa Susana. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Malanca, Fabio Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentin

Ectopic Expression Of Pericentric HSATII RNA Results In Nuclear RNA Accumulation, MeCP2 Recruitment, And Cell Division Defects

Within the pericentric regions of human chromosomes reside large arrays of tandemly repeated satellite sequences. Expression of the human pericentric satellite HSATII is prevented by extensive heterochromatin silencing in normal cells, yet in many cancer cells, HSATII RNA is aberrantly expressed and accumulates in large nuclear foci in cis. Expression and aggregation of HSATII RNA in cancer cells is concomitant with recruitment of key chromatin regulatory proteins including methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). While HSATII expression has been observed in a wide variety of cancer cell lines and tissues, the effect of its expression is unknown. We tested the effect of stable expression of HSATII RNA within cells that do not normally express HSATII. Ectopic HSATII expression in HeLa and primary fibroblast cells leads to focal accumulation of HSATII RNA in cis and triggers the accumulation of MeCP2 onto nuclear HSATII RNA bodies. Further, long-term expression of HSATII RNA leads to cell division defects including lagging chromosomes, chromatin bridges, and other chromatin defects. Thus, expression of HSATII RNA in normal cells phenocopies its nuclear accumulation in cancer cells and allows for the characterization of the cellular events triggered by aberrant expression of pericentric satellite RNA

Multiple Origins and Regional Dispersal of Resistant dhps in African Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Cally Roper and colleagues analyze the distribution of sulfadoxine resistance mutations and flanking microsatellite loci to trace the emergence and dispersal of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa

The costs of introducing artemisinin-based combination therapy: evidence from district-wide implementation in rural Tanzania

BACKGROUND\ud \ud The development of antimalarial drug resistance has led to increasing calls for the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). However, little evidence is available on the full costs associated with changing national malaria treatment policy. This paper presents findings on the actual drug and non-drug costs associated with deploying ACT in one district in Tanzania, and uses these data to estimate the nationwide costs of implementation in a setting where identification of malaria cases is primarily dependant on clinical diagnosis.\ud \ud METHODS\ud \ud Detailed data were collected over a three year period on the financial costs of providing ACT in Rufiji District as part of a large scale effectiveness evaluation, including costs of drugs, distribution, training, treatment guidelines and other information, education and communication (IEC) materials and publicity. The district-level costs were scaled up to estimate the costs of nationwide implementation, using four scenarios to extrapolate variable costs.\ud \ud RESULTS\ud \ud The total district costs of implementing ACT over the three year period were slightly over one million USD, with drug purchases accounting for 72.8% of this total. The composite (best) estimate of nationwide costs for the first three years of ACT implementation was 48.3 million USD (1.29 USD per capita), which varied between 21 and 67.1 million USD in the sensitivity analysis (2003 USD). In all estimates drug costs constituted the majority of total costs. However, non-drug costs such as IEC materials, drug distribution, communication, and health worker training were also substantial, accounting for 31.4% of overall ACT implementation costs in the best estimate scenario. Annual implementation costs are equivalent to 9.5% of Tanzania's recurrent health sector budget, and 28.7% of annual expenditure on medical supplies, implying a 6-fold increase in the national budget for malaria treatment.\ud \ud CONCLUSION\ud \ud The costs of implementing ACT are substantial. Although drug purchases constituted a majority of total costs, non-drug costs were also considerable. It is clear that substantial external resources will be required to facilitate and sustain effective ACT delivery across Tanzania and other malaria-endemic countries

Farmers practice versus recommended pesticides spray programmes in tomato and African eggplant production: a case of Mvomero district, Morogoro, Tanzania

A Dissertation 2019The main objective of this study was to analyze the gap between the recommended pesticides spray programmes and the actual farmers’ practices in the production of tomato and African eggplant among farmers in Mvomero District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania. The specific objectives were to: (i) Identify the pesticide use recommendations for tomato and African eggplant production (ii) assess the level of farmers awareness on recommended pesticide spray programmes (iii) compare the recommended and actual farmers pesticide spray practice and (iv) find out the factors for farmers abidance by the recommended practices. Cross sectional research design was applied. Data were collected using a questionnaire for farmers and a checklist of questions for the key informants. The region, district and villages were selected purposively while the respondents, 120 in total, were randomly selected among the tomato and African eggplant producers. Data collected were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Findings from this study show that the recommended pesticides spray programmes comprise of; timing of application, pesticides spray frequency, equipment used and application rates. For a farmer to make sound decision on the application of these programmes they have to do scouting regularly in their farms. Although all farmers had a certain level of awareness on the recommended spray programmes; it was only 45.5% of the respondents who abode by them. The factors which influenced farmer’s abidance by the recommendations included level of education, access to agricultural extension services and income. For farmers to abide by the recommended pesticides spray programmes and at the same time decrease misuse of pesticides; extension services have to be improved especially those which promote farmer to farmer learning

Pengaruh Terapi Bermain Vegetable Eating Motivation (Vem) terhadap Perilaku Makan Sayuran

  Konsumsi sayur diperlukan tubuh sebagai sumber vitamin, mineral dan serat dalam mencapai pola makan sehat dengan gizi seimbang untuk kesehatan yang optimal. Penanaman kebiasaan hidup sehat, temasuk kebiasaan makan yang baik seharusnya dilakukan untuk anak saat usia prasekolah. Usia prasekolah (3-5) tahun merupakan kebutuhan yang krusial untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang optimal. Terapi bermain merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan cara bermain untuk memberikan stimulus yang dapat meningkatkan perilaku asertif pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bermain Vegetable Eating Motivation (VEM) terhadap perilaku makan sayuran pada anak prasekolah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian quasi-experiment dengan pendekatan pre and post test without control yang mana peneliti akan melakukan intervensi pada satu kelompok tanpa pembanding (kontrol). Efektifitas perlakuan dinilai dengan cara membandingkan nilai pre test dengan post test. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 18 orang. Analisa yang digunakan yaitu dependent T-test. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai rata-rata konsumsi sayur sebelum diberikan intervensi yaitu 38,22 dengan standar deviasi (SD) 18,236 dan setelah diberikan intervensi yaitu 68,11 dengan standar deviasi (SD) 18.304. Hasil analisa diperoleh p value sebesar 0,000 < α (0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan terjadi peningkatan konsumsi sayuran pada anak prasekolah setelah diberikan terapi bermain Vegetable Eating Motivation (VEM).   Kata Kunci                           : Konsumsi sayur, prasekolah, Terapi bermain &nbsp