Entrepreneurship "mapuchizados": An approach to the cultural appropriation of Mapuche identities in social networks

This paper is intended to offer the digital ethnographic research findings whereby I conduct a review and systematization of the emergence of various business on Instagram after the Chilean Protest (2019), noting the use of Mapuche repertorios as commercial identity, outstandingly in comparison with other decades. The question I proposed to answer was: What are the expressions of cultural appropriation of the Mapuche identity of Instagram business not belonging to this People, in the post Chilean protest period in Chile?, with the aim of: identify types of publications where these expressions of cultural appropriation are manifested, categorize them and understand the nature of their narratives; establish comparisons and analyze profiles according to the publications. To do this, I worked with a digital ethnographic method; reviewing this social network and selecting business publications, conducting in-depth interviews remotely with Mapuche entrepreneurs and conducting a mixed virtual Focus Group made up of different people, Mapuche and non-Mapuche consumers, diversity that allowed me to access different points of view on the subject. Meanwhile, in the theoretical proposal, I highlight the review of authors regarding to cultural appropriation and etnicity, as approaches that I expose with the aim of establishing a vision that makes this scenario more complex, where, the limits between valuing another culture, such as the Mapuche, and business techniques, are diffuse.En el presente artículo, doy cuenta de los resultados de la investigación de carácter etnográfico digital en la que realicé una revisión y sistematización de la emergencia de un número considerable de diversos emprendimientos en Instagram tras el estallido social en Chile (2019), que constató el uso de repertorios mapuches como identidad comercial, de manera sobresaliente en comparación con otras décadas. La pregunta que propuse responder fue ¿cuáles son las expresiones de apropiación cultural de la identidad mapuche de emprendimientos de Instagram no pertenecientes a este pueblo, en Chile, en el periodo posterior al estallido social? El objetivo consistió en identificar publicaciones que manifestaran expresiones de apropiación cultural, tipificarlas y entender el carácter de sus narraciones; establecer comparaciones y analizar perfiles de acuerdo con las publicaciones. Para ello, trabajé con el método etnográfico digital, revisando esta red social y seleccionando publicaciones de emprendimientos, y realizando entrevistas en profundidad de forma remota a emprendedores mapuches y efectuando un focus group virtual mixto compuesto por diferentes personas, mapuches y no mapuches, diversidad que me permitió acceder a distintos puntos de vista sobre el tema. En tanto, en la propuesta teórica destaco la revisión de autores referentes a la apropiación cultural y etnicidad, como perspectivas que expongo con la finalidad de establecer una visión que complejice este escenario, donde los límites entre la valorización de una cultura otra como la mapuche y la instrumentalización comercial son difusos

Neuroendocrine Regulation of Metabolism

Given the current environment in most developed countries, it is a challenge to maintain a good balance between calories consumed and calories burned, although maintenance of metabolic balance is key to good health. Therefore, understanding how metabolic regulation is achieved and how the dysregulation of metabolism affects health is an area of intense research. Most studies focus on the hypothalamus, which is a brain area that acts as a key regulator of metabolism. Among the nuclei that comprise the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus is one of the major mediators in the regulation of food intake. The regulation of energy balance is also a key factor ensuring the maintenance of any species as a result of the dependence of reproduction on energy stores. Adequate levels of energy reserves are necessary for the proper functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review discusses valuable data presented in the 2015 edition of the International Workshop of Neuroendocrinology concerning the fundamental nature of the hormonal regulation of the hypothalamus and the impact on energy balance and reproduction.Fil: Cornejo, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Hentges, S.T.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Maliqueo, M.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Coirini, Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Becu Villalobos, D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Elias, C. F.. University of Michigan; Estados Unido

Efecto de un método de Entrenamiento Intervalado de Alta Intensidad sobre el consumo máximo de oxígeno en escolares chilenos

Introduction: The low levels of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) evaluated in Chilean schoolchildren suggest the startup of trainings that improve the aerobic capacity. Objective: To analyze the effect of a High-intensity Interval Training method on maximum oxygen consumption in Chilean schoolchildren. Materials and methods: Thirty-two high school students from the eighth grade, who were divided into two groups, were part of the study (experimental group = 16 students and control group = 16 students). The main analyzed variable was the maximum oxygen consumption through the Course Navette Test. A High-intensity Interval training method was applied based on the maximum aerobic speed obtained through the Test. A mixed ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: The experimental group showed a significant increase in the Maximum Oxygen Consumption between the pretest and posttest when compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results of the study showed a positive effect of the High-intensity Interval Training on the maximum consumption of oxygen. At the end of the study, it is concluded that High-intensity Interval Training is a good stimulation methodology for Chilean schoolchildren

Neuroendocrine Regulation of Metabolism

Given the current environment in most developed countries, it is a challenge to maintain a good balance between calories consumed and calories burned, although maintenance of metabolic balance is key to good health. Therefore, understanding how metabolic regulation is achieved and how the dysregulation of metabolism affects health is an area of intense research. Most studies focus on the hypothalamus, which is a brain area that acts as a key regulator of metabolism. Among the nuclei that comprise the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus is one of the major mediators in the regulation of food intake. The regulation of energy balance is also a key factor ensuring the maintenance of any species as a result of the dependence of reproduction on energy stores. Adequate levels of energy reserves are necessary for the proper functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review discusses valuable data presented in the 2015 edition of the International Workshop of Neuroendocrinology concerning the fundamental nature of the hormonal regulation of the hypothalamus and the impact on energy balance and reproduction.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología CelularConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

Relación entre las intervenciones de retroalimentación con el bienestar y desempeño laboral: una revisión sistemática

47 p.La presente revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo describir la relación entre las intervenciones de retroalimentación con el bienestar y desempeño laboral. La revisión se efectuó en el marco de las directrices PRISMA “Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Review and Meta Analysis” (Page et al., 2021). Se llevaron a cabo dos estudios, en los que se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS), Scopus y Scielo. En la primera búsqueda se identificaron 2 artículos, los cuales no cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Debido a esto, se realizó una segunda búsqueda, en la que se ampliaron los términos clave. Se obtuvieron 74 artículos de los cuales 3 artículos fueron incluidos para realizar esta revisión sistemática. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación son heterogéneos, es decir, se obtuvieron diferentes relaciones entre las variables estudiadas. En conclusión, este estudio aporta implicancias teóricas y prácticas al conocimiento de las intervenciones de retroalimentación y bienestar. En cuanto a las implicancias teóricas, se logra evidenciar una relación positiva entre las intervenciones de retroalimentación y el bienestar en intervenciones de rediseño de puesto. En relación a las implicaciones prácticas, los resultados de esta investigación apoyan la gestión de Recursos Humanos, con la finalidad de potenciar el bienestar y desempeño de los(as) trabajadores(as). Además, el presente estudio invita a centrar los esfuerzos en crear políticas organizacionales que apunten a generar espacios de retroalimentación dentro de la organización. // ABSTRACT: The present systematic review aims to describe the relationship between feedback interventions with well-being and work performance. The review was conducted within the framework of the PRISMA guidelines "Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Review and Meta Analysis" (Page et al., 2021). Two studies were conducted, searching the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Scielo databases. The first search identified two articles, which did not meet the inclusion criteria. Due to this, a second search was performed, in which the key terms were expanded. A total of 74 articles were obtained, of which 3 articles were included for this systematic review. The results obtained in this research are heterogeneous, that is, different relationships were obtained between the variables studied. In conclusion, this study contributes theoretical and practical implications to the knowledge of feedback and well-being interventions. Regarding the theoretical implications, a positive relationship between feedback interventions and well-being in job redesign interventions is evidenced. In relation to the practical implications, the results of this research support Human Resources management, with the aim of enhancing the well-being and performance of workers. In addition, this study invites to focus efforts on creating organizational policies aimed at generating feedback spaces within the organization

Effects of acute supplementation with beta-alanine on a limited time test at maximum aerobic speed on endurance athletes

Introducción: la beta-alanina (BA) es una de las ayudas ergogénicas más utilizadas actualmente por deportistas, pero la mayoría de los estudios centran su investigación en la suplementación prolongada. Objetivos: determinar el efecto agudo de la suplementación con BA sobre una prueba de tiempo límite (PTL) a velocidad aeróbica máxima (VAM) en atletas de resistencia. Material y método: once atletas de resistencia (VO2máx 61,6 ± 9,5 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) fueron parte del estudio. El diseño fue doble ciego, cruzado intrasujeto, y la suplementación de BA fue de 30 mg·kg-1 o placebo (PL) 60 minutos antes de completar una PTL. Las variables fueron: tiempo y distancia en la PTL y concentraciones de lactato ([La]) postesfuerzo en los minutos 1, 3, 5, 7 y 9. Para el análisis se utilizó una prueba t de Student y el tamaño del efecto (TE) se realizó mediante la prueba d de Cohen. Resultados: el tiempo en la PTL evidenció diferencias significativas entre la BA y PL (p = 0,047; TE = 0,48). No se observaron diferencias significativas en distancia entre ambos grupos (p = 0,071; TE = 0,48) y las [La] evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en los minutos 3, 5 y 7, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Conclusión: la suplementación aguda con BA evidenció aumentos significativos en el tiempo de ejecución en la PTL a intensidades correspondientes a VAM. Por lo anterior, la suplementación aguda con BA es una ayuda ergogénica que podría ser considerada por los atletas de resistencia para aumentar el rendimiento deportivo.Introduction: the beta-alanine (BA) is one of the ergogenic aid most used by athletes, but the majority of the studies center the research on chronic supplementation. Objectives: to determine the acute effect of BA supplementation on a limited time test (LTT) at maximum aerobic speed (MAS) on endurance athletes. Material and method: eleven endurance athletes (VO2max 61.6 ± 9.5 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) were part of the study. The study consisted of a double- blind, cross-over intra-subject design, and the BA supplementation was 30 mg·kg-1 or placebo (PL) 60 minutes before completing a LTT. The variables were: time and distance in LTT, and post-effort lactate concentrations ([La]) in minutes 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The Student’s t test was used for the analysis and the size of the effect (SE) was measured through Cohen’s d test. Results: the time on LTT showed significant differences between BA and PL (p = 0.047; SE = 0.48). No significant differences were seen between both groups (p = 0.071; SE = 0.48), and [La] showed significant differences between both groups in minutes 3, 5 and 7, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: acute supplementation with BA showed a significant increase in the execution time in LTT in the intensities connected to MAS. Hence, acute supplementation with BA is an ergogenic aid that could be considered by resistance athletes in order to increase the athletic performance

Resveratrol Is Not as Effective as Physical Exercise for Improving Reproductive and Metabolic Functions in Rats with Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive and metabolic disorder associated with obesity and insulin resistance that often precedes the development of type-2 diabetes. Rats continuously exposed to dihydrotestosterone from prepuberty display typical reproductive and metabolic PCOS characteristics including anovulation, polycystic ovaries, insulin resistance, and obesity. Our aim was to investigate if resveratrol improves reproductive and metabolic functions in PCOS rats. The effect was compared to exercise. Control and PCOS rats were treated with vehicle or resveratrol (400 mg · kg−1 · day−1) for 5-6 weeks. Another group of PCOS rats received vehicle treatment and exercised for 5-6 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. The glucose infusion rate was lower in the PCOS-vehicle group compared to control-vehicle rats (P<0.05). Exercise increased insulin sensitivity compared with PCOS-vehicle rats (P<0.05), but resveratrol did not. Resveratrol treatment and exercise resulted in smaller adipocytes, upregulated estrogen-related receptor α gene expression in subcutaneous fat, and improved estrus cyclicity in the previously acyclic PCOS rats. Although resveratrol had positive effects on adiposity and cyclicity in a similar manner to exercise, resveratrol does not seem to be a good candidate for treating insulin resistance associated with PCOS because no improvement in insulin sensitivity was observed in PCOS rats on normal chow

Developmental programming of the female neuroendocrine system by steroids

Developmental programming refers to processes that occur during early life that may have long-term consequences, modulating adult health and disease. Complex diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease, have a high prevalence in different populations, are multifactorial, and may have a strong environmental component. The environment interacts with organisms, affecting their behaviour, morphology and physiology. This interaction may induce permanent or long-term changes, and organisms may be more susceptible to environmental factors during certain developmental stages, such as the prenatal and early postnatal periods. Several factors have been identified as responsible for inducing the reprogramming of various reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. Among them, both natural and synthetic steroids, such as endocrine disruptors, are known to have either detrimental or positive effects on organisms depending on the dose of exposure, stage of development and biological sexual background. The present review focuses on the action of steroids and endocrine disruptors as agents involved in developmental programming and on their modulation and effects on female neuroendocrine functions.Fil: Abruzzese, Giselle Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Crisosto, Nicolás. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile; Chile. Clinica Las Condes; ChileFil: De Grava Kempinas, Wilma. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Sotomayor Zárate, Ramón. Universidad de Valparaiso; Chil