A case study of bowel prolapses after induced abortion

Induced abortion, the intentional termination of pregnancy, is among the most common of gynaecological procedures. Depending on country-specific abortion laws, where abortion laws are highly restrictive, abortion is unsafe leading to maternal morbidity and mortality. This is a case study of unsafe abortion. In this case a 25-year-old G3P2L2 with previous 2 normal vaginal delivery had uterine perforation with bowel prolapse through the vagina following an dilatation and curettage of a missed abortion of 7 week and 6 days in a private hospital. Following the procedure patient had severe abdominal pain and bleeding from vagina, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done. Patient came to our hospital with MRI. Patient was taken for exploratory laparotomy with uterine repair, bowel resection and anastomosis. Even though MTP Amendment act 2021 in India is liberal and government provides free contraception and abortion services by trained personnel, due to ignorance and misinformation, female often undergoes unsafe abortion. Unsafe abortion causes mild discomfort to grave injury like bowel prolapse leading to maternal death. Best preventive measure is awareness and easy accessibility

Sirenomelia-the mermaid syndrome: a rare invariably fatal congenital anomaly in a term unsupervised pregnancy

Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 0.8 to 1 case per 1,00,000 births. The prognosis is grim due to associated genitourinary and gastrointestinal anomalies. Antenatal registration in the first trimester and timely ultrasound go a long way in detection of the anamoly when termination can be still be offered and the mental agony of giving birth to a term neonate with a fatal congenital anomaly can be avoided.

Dinoprostone Gel versus Intra-cervical Foley’s Catheter for Pre-induction Cervical Ripening: An audit

Background  One of the common practices in modern obstetrical care is labour induction when foetal and maternal complications arise. We endeavoured to compare the efficacy and safety of the inexpensive mechanical method of induction Foley’s catheter to the more established pharmacological agent Intracervical Prostaglandin E2 gel Method  The present prospective randomised control study was carried out on 200 women with a term singleton pregnancy in cephalic presentation, with an unfavourable cervix and a valid indication for induction of labour. The patients were randomly allocated using the chit method to either Foley’s catheter [group A, n=100] or PGE2 gel [group B, n=100] . Augmentation with oxytocin was done if required and labor was closely monitored till delivery and the perinatal outcome and maternal side effects was recorded Quantitative variables were compared using unpaired t-test/Mann-Whitney Test and qualitative variables were compared using Chi-Square test /Fisher’s exact test. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0   RESULTThe caesarean section rate did not show a significant difference between the Foley’s group(18%) and PGE2 group(11%) The incidence of fetal distress, Meconium stained liquor and APGAR score <7 at 5 minutes  was significantly with PGE2  as compared to group A. (P<.05) Incidence of hyperstimulation of uterus was reported in 6% women who received PGE2  as compared to none in Foley’s group. The induction delivery interval did not show any significant difference between the two groups.   CONCLUSION In women undergoing induction of labour at  term in resource constraint set ups like ours, Foley catheter is a good  alternative to the more established  prostaglandin E2 gel, with good efficacy and better neonatal and maternal safety profile.   Keywords: cervical ripening; dinoprostone; obstetric labor, induce

Anthropometry of Bodies of C3-C6 Cervical Vertebrae in Northwest Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Knowledge of morphometric dimensions of cervical vertebrae is of immense help in choosing and designing implants for the cervical spine. Previous studies on this subject have emphasized that these dimensions have significant variations among different populations. Aim: To determine and analyse morphometric parameters of the body of typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) in the Northwest Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 164 typical cervical vertebrae (C3 to C6) retrieved from the skeleton collection in the Department of Anatomy at Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India from February 2020 to April 2022. Morphometric parameters measured in the study were anteroposterior diameters and transverse diameter of both surfaces of the body, and height of anterior surface of the body using a digital vernier calipers. Descriptive statistical analysis was done with the help of Microsoft Excel version 2021. Results: Of the total 164 sample, on the superior surface of the body anteroposterior diameter increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±Standard Deviation {SD}= 14.67±1.42 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=15.73 mm). The anteroposterior diameter of the inferior surfaces of the body increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=15.71 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=16.26 mm). Similarly, the transverse diameter of the superior surface also increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean value of 20.24 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean value of 23.82 mm). Furthermore, the transverse diameter of the inferior surface increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=19.35 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=22.99 mm). However, the height of vertebral bodies was found minimum in C5 vertebrae (Mean±SD=10.69 mm) and maximum in C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=12.04 mm). Conclusion: The dimensions of morphometric parameters observed in the present study were differing from those reported by studies carried out in south Indian population and in the Western world. However, the study did not find any significant side differences in morphometric parameters of bodies of typical cervical vertebrae. Population-specific normal data are reported in this study for the first time

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of N-Substituted-5- Benzylidene-2,4-Thiazolidinedione Derivatives: Synthesis of N-substituted-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones

A series of N-substituted-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives (TZDs) were prepared via N-alkylation of 2,4-TZD at position 3 using substituted benzyl halides. Synthesized N-substituted-2,4-TZD was then substituted at position 5 with substituted aromatic aldehyde according to Knoevenagel condensation method. Structures of the compounds were elucidated using various spectral techniques viz. IR, 1HNMR. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity

Food habits among adolescent girls: A qualitative study in urban and peri-urban communities, Delhi, India

There are approximately 253 million adolescents in India, and their nutritional needs are high. Consumption of fast food, high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar, is high among adolescents. Considering the lack of information on the knowledge and practices related to eating patterns among adolescents in India, this paper reports the practice, perception, and knowledge about healthy and unhealthy eating habits of this segment of its population in urban and peri-urban communities. Qualitative data were collected during the formative stage of an intervention study. Fifty in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions were conducted in two communities in Delhi, the national capital of India (28º 36’ 36” N & 77º 13’ 48” E). For data analysis, a deductive approach was adopted, and a thematic content analysis was performed. Practices, perception and knowledge, and seeking information were the themes that emerged, and it was verified that low income is a limiting factor for acquisition at the family level. Cleanliness, hygiene, and taste are the factors when choosing the preparation of food. Strong perceptions about certain foods were observed: parents showed helplessness concerning the consumption of outside food by their children. Food bought in a restaurant is better and not as harmful, and adolescents prefer the taste to health. Preferences for healthy foods and the acceptance of food from large restaurants, and the preference for their tastes, have emerged as factors influencing adolescents' eating practices. In addition, the research revealed awareness and knowledge about healthy and unhealthy food among female adolescents and community members residing in low-socioeconomic status urban and peri-urban communities of Delhi. Several factors were found to influence the eating habits of Delhi female adolescents, such as taste, nutrition-related awareness, and self-efficacy (at the individual level), as well as parental and peer pressure (at the societal level). Nevertheless some methodological limitations, this study suggests behaviour change interventions among adolescents using the findings of the current study

Morphometric measurements of calcaneum in North Indian population

Calcaneum is the largest tarsal bone in the foot, which participate in the formation of subtalar joint. Aims and objectives The difference in the anatomical structure of calcaneum plays an important role in dynamic, kinetic, and static of the foot. Hence this study was planned. Material and methods. Present study was conducted in Pt. B. D. Sharma University of health sciences on 54 pair of dry human calcanei in which linear measurements were taken using digital vernier caliper with accuracy of 0.01mm and Bohler’s angle (BA) was measured with goniometer. Correlation of Bohler’s angle and maximum antero-posterior length (MXL) with another parameter were seen. Results. In present study no significant difference was seen in the measurements of right and the left calcanei. Correlation of MXL of calcaneum with other parameters was done which came out to be significant except for CFH (right side) and DAFW (right side). Presented findings suggest that the MXL of the calcaneum bone can sometimes be calculated from its other parameters if well preserved, which could be helpful for forensic experts. Conclusion. Present study on morphometric parameters of calcaneum would provide useful information for orthopaedic surgeries. Also, the knowledge of morphometry of this bone would be useful for forensic experts, foot rehabilitation procedure, and this study would contribute to the anatomic literature and clinical fields

Biostimulation of Anaerobic Digestion Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) for Increasing Biogas Production from Cattle Manure

The effect of synthesised IONPs employing a nontoxic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent for increasing biogas and methane output from cattle manure during anaerobic digestion (AD) was investigated in this study. Furthermore, the UV-visible spectra examination of the synthesized nanoparticles revealed a high peak at 432 nm. Using a transmission electron microscope, the average particle size of IONPs observed was 30–80 nm, with irregular, ultra-small, semi-spherical shapes that were slightly aggregated and well-distributed. IONPs had a polydisparity index (PDI) of 219 nm and a zeta potential of −27.0 mV. A set of six bio-digesters were fabricated and tested to see how varying concentrations of IONPs (9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 mg/L) influenced biogas, methane output, and effluent chemical composition from AD at mesophilic temperatures (35 ± 2 °C). With 18 mg/L IONPs, the maximum specific biogas and methane production were 136.74 L/g of volatile solids (VS) and 64.5%, respectively, compared to the control (p < 0.05), which provided only 107.09 L/g and 51.4%, respectively. Biogas and methane production increased by 27.6% and 25.4%, respectively using 18 mg/L IONPs as compared to control. In all treatments, the pH of the effluent was increased, while total volatile fatty acids, total solids, volatile solids, organic carbon content, and dehydrogenase activity decreased. Total solid degradation was highest (43.1%) in cattle manure + 18 mg/L IONPs (T5). According to the results, the IONPs enhanced the yield of biogas and methane when compared with controls