Comparative Evaluation of Root Resorption in Correction of Class II Malocclusion

INTRODUCTION: External apical root resorption is a common iatrogenic side effect of orthodontic treatment and has been reported particularly in anterior teeth. The etiology of resorption is multifactorial, complex and individual susceptibility to resorption depends on various factors.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The degree of root resorption during orthodontic treatment was evaluated on the post-treatment RVGs of the maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors of 28 skeletal Class II patients with mandible retrusion treated with non-extraction treatment protocol using elastics and PowerScope. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in root resorption between the groups for the overall score and comparison of root resorption in individual teeth between two groups showed significantly more resorption in PowerScope group in mandibular lateral incisors.CONCLUSION: Both elastic and PowerScope groups showed mostly mild to moderate root resorption which is clinically acceptable and lower lateral incisors showed statistically more root resorption in PowerScope group

Water quality indices and abiotic characteristics of western Yamuna canal in Yamunanagar, Haryana

The present paper deals with the monthly variations of physico-chemical characteristics of western Yamuna canal water, Yamunanagar which is polluted with industrial effluents and domestic sewage. Three sampling points i.e. station-1: Upstream of the river; station-2: Point of influx of industrial effluents and domestic sewage; Station-3: About 6 kms downstream from station 2 were selected for the investigation. Studies revealed high values of turbidity, conductivity, free CO2, alkalinity, calcium, hardness, magnesium, chloride, orthophosphate, phosphate, sulphate and ammonia and low values of DO at station-2. The differences in various parameters were statistically significant (P<0.05) when compared from upstream and downstream stretches of the river particularly in summer. DO and BOD were found to be two important parameters which showed strong correlation with other parameters and hence can serve as good indices of river water quality. Water Quality index designated station-1 as highly polluted and station-2 and 3 as severely polluted. Thus the hydro biological conditions were not congenial/ optimum for the survival/ production of sensitive fish fauna, therefore, proper and efficient treatment of the effluents and sewage should be carried out before discharging these into the canal

Pre-teens, Audio Analgesia and Dental Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Research has proven that music plays an important role in alleviating fear and anxiety among patients.AIM: To assess the effect of audio analgesia in pre-teen children aged 8-12 years undergoing dental restorations. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Data was collected using a pre-tested and pre-validated proforma filled by the child prior to start of the treatment by circling the number corresponding to the expected pain during the procedure [Ranged 0 (No pain) -10 (Maximum pain)]. Children who reported their expected pain above 5, were enrolled in group 1 (The ones receiving audio analgesia) while the remaining were assigned group 2 (controls). Children in group 1 were asked to put on their favourite song using noise cancellation headphones and the procedure was commenced. After completion of the treatment, the VAS scale was re-introduced and the children were asked to re-circle the actual pain experienced during the procedure. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 using the chi-squared test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A significant value was obtained when p was≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Of the total 80 children enrolled in the present study, there were an equal number of males and females (40 each). It was observed that 70.3% of children in group 1 had an increased pain tolerance as compared to only 37.2% of children in the control group(p=0.01). Pearson’s Correlation revealed a positive and linear association (r: +0.721) and a significant relationship (p = 0.03) between both groups. CONCLUSION: Audio analgesia has been proven to a promising alternative to distract the patient from the anxiety faced in the dental setting and is recommended for nervous and anxious patients

Coronavirus Disease 2019: Prevention and Safety in the Dental Office

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a single stranded RNA virus originating from Wuhan China has gripped the whole world and evolved rapidly into a public health crisis. SARSCoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients and is transmitted by droplets, surface contact, fecal-oral route and by aerosolization during procedures. The dental professionals are particularly at risk because of close contact with the patient and exposure to blood, saliva and droplets. Dental professionals must be fully aware of coronavirus spreading modalities, identification of patients with this infection, so present article introduces the essential knowledge about COVID-19 infection and provide recommended management protocols for dental practitioners based on relevant guidelines, research so that dental professional are better prepared to manage  asymptomatic, suspected, and confirmed COVID-19 patients

Investigating the Relationship of Organizational Identification, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Ethical leadership in Context of College Teachers

The study initiated with the focus on three broad parameters Organizational Identification, Organizational Citizenship behavior and Ethical leadership. The main aim of this study was to Investigating the Relationship of Organizational Identification, Organizational Citizenship behavior and Ethical leadership in context of College Teachers. The study was conducted with the help of convenient sampling and consisting of 402 college faculty members in Punjab region. Structured questionnaire was prepared and survey was conducted through online as well as offline mode. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis along with Structured Equation modeling was applied to reach the desired results. At the end, the result indicated that ethical leadership has strong and direct influence on Organizational Identification and Organizational Citizenship behavior

Survey of use of over the counter drug and other than over the counter drugs among medical students, nursing and technician staff of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: To find out pattern and extent of use of OTC and other than OTC drugs among medical students, nursing and technician staff.Methods: Study began after taking permission and approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB). Medical student, nursing and technician staff of tertiary care teaching hospital was enrolled after written informed consent. Pre validated questionnaire regarding use of such use was administered to each participant.Results: A total of 200 participants responded to questionnaire, M:F ratio was 1:1.7. Majority of the participants had taken OTC drugs for cough/cold (72.6%) followed by headache/ body ache (71.1%). Paracetamol (81%) followed by Diclofenac (42.5%), ibuprofen (37.8%) were the most common drugs taken. About 85% participants had taken antimicrobial considering it as an OTC product. Most commonly used antimicrobials were metronidazole (19.4%) followed by levofloxacin (17.9%).Most common reason for self medication was the perception that the disease wasn’t serious (44.8%), favourable prior advertisement (34.3%). About 52% requested for drug by mentioning name of drug. Most (50.7%) felt that OTC drug improved their illness. 45.9% stopped when symptoms disappeared. Majority of the participants (57.2%) believed use of OTC drug is a good practice. Most of the participants (56.7%) believed they can treat symptoms with OTC drugs.64.7% participants believed use of OTC drug is beneficial for them. Most of the participants lack the knowledge for dose (73.6%) and frequency (68.2%) of drug. A substantial number of participants (58.61%) were taking drugs outside OTC list.Conclusions: Awareness and dangers of misuse of OTC medications among all the participants was less. Therefore it is suggested that proper education should be imparted regarding illness where self-administration of OTC drugs to be employed