Striking a Balance between Freedom, Security and Justice. CEPS Paperback. October 2002

This monograph surveys the achievements of the European Union in the field of Justice and Home Affairs and analyses the pro’s and con’s of setting up an area of freedom, security and justice. The inter-connections between internal and external security issues are carefully examined - both from a practical and institutional point of view-and consideration is given to how to avoid excessive “securitisation” of society. It argues for the need to take an integrated approach towards these issues in order to ensure that the right balance is actually being struck between these three dimensions

Ensuring Legal Boundaries With Religiosity in Public Schools

With varying sources recognizing significant religious shifts in recent years and years to come, teachers are faced with the task of developing curricula that include religious discussions more than ever before (Banks & Banks, 2004). At the same time, in our increasingly multicultural world, we are teaching to a more religiously diverse student population than ever before. This paper will articulate an investigation that is two-fold: first, the authors will gauge how educators employed at public K – 12 schools engage their students in discussions and activities pertaining to religion while upholding all legal and constitutional guidelines, and second, to relate what Teacher Education Programs (TEPS) may/may not be doing to prepare pre-service teachers for designing curriculum with the increasing religious shifts in mind

Molecular breeding of sugarcane using linkage disequilibrium maps and quantitative trait alleles : [Abstract W247]

Sugarcane breeding generally involves forms of recurrent selection using overlapping generations of parent genotypes, with the number of parents used in the order of 100 to 400, depending on the size of the breeding program. Genetic maps of one or a few genotypes are thus not very useful in routine breeding applications, as they provide no information on the allelic variation at important loci within the breeding population. In order to integrate mapping, marker discovery and conventional breeding we have developed methods (i) to create population-level maps of haplotypes in linkage disequilibrium within the breeding population, (ii) to identify potentially useful quantitative trait alleles (QTAs) through association analysis, and (iii) to predict to performance of progeny of bi-parental crosses from the marker (QTA) profile of the parents. The usefulness of the approach has been empirically verified in an experiment which demonstrated that the performance of progeny is better predicted by parental QTAs than by parent phenotype (h2 = 0.82, versus 0.57). By examining the population-level haplotype map, cryptic population structure caused by the complex linkage arrangements that can exist in polyploids could be detected, and accounting for this structure/linkage can further improve the effectiveness of molecular breeding. Additional uses of the map, such as identifying the ancestral origins of haplotypes, and detecting signatures of selection and recombination over several generations of breeding will be demonstrated. (Texte intégral

Anisotropy effects on the undrained stability of cuts in clays

It has long been recognised that soils are generally anisotropic with some of their properties varying depending on the direction of measurement. In particular, strength anisotropy should be a main concern in relation with the stability assessment of geotechnical cases. Nevertheless, the incorporation of this feature is rarely considered in routine slope stability analyses in spite of the fact that its absence may lead, in some cases, to an overestimation of the factor of safety. In the paper, the effects of strength anisotropy on the undrained stability of cuts in clays are examined. A literature review reveals that clays have different patterns of undrained strength anisotropy depending on their overconsolidation ratio. A constitutive model is introduced, able to account for the different observed variations of undrained strength with loading direction. A series of numerical stability analyses have been performed to explore the effects of the type of undrained strength anisotropy on the stability of cuts. The effects of slope inclination, bedding orientation, and pattern of undrained strength anisotropy on factors of safety and failure mechanisms are examined and discussed. In addition, a real case study of the failure of an underwater cut is analysed showing that undrained strength anisotropy is able to explain satisfactorily the collapse observed.Postprint (published version

Descriptions of the setae on the pereiopods of scyllarid lobsters, Scyllarides aequinoctialis, S. latus, and S. nodifer, with observations on the feeding sequence during consumption of bivalves and gastropods

The morphological and behavioral aspects of slipper lobster feeding have remained largely unexplored. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the gross morphological structure of all segments of the pereiopods were described for three species of scyllarid lobsters: Scyllarides aequinoctialis, S. latus, and S. nodifer. Five types of setae within three broad categories were found: simple (long and miniature), cuspidate (robust and conate), and teasel (a type of serrulate setae). Setae were arranged in a highly organized, row-like pattern on the ventral and dorsal surfaces. Cuspidate setae were found on all surfaces of all segments. Simple setae were found only on the dactyl, whereas teazel setae were concentrated on the lateral-most edge of the alate carina on the merus in S. aequinoctialis only. Comparisons among species demonstrate that S. nodifer bears the same setae and setal pattern as S. latus, but S. aequinoctialis differs. The setal patterns of slipper lobsters contrast with those of nephropid and palinurid lobsters, likely due to the more rigorous use of the pereiopods in accessing their food. Feeding sequences of S. aequinoctialis on bivalves were videotaped, analyzed as Markovian chains, and showed a complex suite of behaviors involving contact chemoreception by the antennules as part of an initial assessment of food items, followed by mouthpart and leg probing, and eventual wedging behavior as previously described for S. squammosus. Feeding sequences of S. latus on gastropods and bivalves also demonstrate extensive use of the pereiopods (instead of the mouthparts) first to pry these prey items from the substrate and then to remove the foot. Use of antennules for food assessment and recruitment of many of the perieopods for food handling with minimal use of mouthparts also contrasts with the feeding sequences typical of nephropid and palinurid lobsters and may be an important adaptation

Microwave Spectroscopy

Contains research objectives

Microwave Spectroscopy

Contains report on work completed.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U.S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-030

The half-planes problem for the level set equation

International audienceThe paper is dedicated to the construction of an analytic solution for the level set equation in $\mathbb R^2$ with an initial condition constituted by two half-planes. Such a problem can be seen as an equivalent Riemann problem in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation context. We first rewrite the level set equation as a non-strictly hyperbolic problem and obtain a Riemann problem where the line sharing the initial discontinuity corresponds to the half-planes junction. Three different solutions corresponding to a shock, a rarefaction and a contact discontinuity are given in function of the two half-planes configuration and we derive the solution for the level set equation. The study provides theoretical examples to test the numerical methods approaching the solution of viscosity of the level set equation. We perform simulations to check the three situations using a classical numerical method on a structured grid

An organization overview of pedagogical practice in work-integrated education

Tertiary curriculum design has increasingly emphasized work-integrated learning (WIL) opportunities. This qualitative study provides an overview of a variety of WIL activities at Massey University, New Zealand. Descriptive comments, provided through interviews with fifteen academic supervisors from disciplines ranging from the applied sciences through social sciences to business, education and creative arts, highlight the following six factors to be considered in the resourcing of WIL programs. Themes related to set-up include placement requirements, support, selection, location, and risk management issues. Student preparation involves pre-requisite theoretical knowledge, general career preparation (CV & interview skills) and readiness for practice. With respect to supervision, an on-campus academic mentor and a work-place supervisor are both important to the student. Competencies linked to team work and professional standards include self-confidence, communication and people skills. The teaching pedagogies used include lectures and labs, oral presentations, scenario-based-learning and project work. Assessment involved a learning contract, reflective journal, oral presentation, and final report