Review of the Books of Persian Literature in the High School of the Old System and the Second Medium of the New System

Many educators believe that the intellectual, national, cultural, religious, and literary foundations of each generation are laid in childhood and adolescence. An important part of this is the responsibility of each country's education system. Textbooks are one of the most important tools in this formation. Persian books are a means of narrating human thoughts and imaginations due to their attention to fiction. The present article is a research on the books of Persian literature of the old educational system and Persian of the new educational system. In this study, we intend to examine the books of Persian language and literature of the old system and the Persian books of the second secondary school in the new educational system. Classical literature, contemporary literature, poetic, prose and fusion literature, Iranian and world literature are some of the components that are examined in this research. The authors appear to have focused on the text in older books and to pay more attention to self-examination in new books. This indicates that the new books emphasize greater student engagement

Stimulatory effect of methyl jasmonate and squalestatin on phenolic metabolism through induction of LOX activity in cell suspension culture of yew

Cell suspension cultures of Taxus baccata were treated with 2 elicitor compounds, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and squalestatin (S), individually and in combination for 7 days to determine if they mediated the enhancement of biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonate through induction of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total antioxidants, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and LOX activities in 5-month-old yew cell cultures were studied. Our results showed that MeJA and S could stimulate production of phenol derivatives in cell suspension cultures of T. baccata. In parallel to the induction of phenolic production in elicited cells, results showed that activities of PAL and PPO enzymes and total antioxidants significantly increased in Taxus cells in response to MeJA and S. Maximal activities of lipoxygenase were obtained 48 h after treatment with MeJA (100 mu M), S (0.1 mu M), and the combination of the 2 elicitors. Results showed that MeJA and S are effective elicitors for increasing phenolic production in Taxus cell suspension cultures, likely through increasing LOX activity followed by an increase in endogenous jasmonate

Squalestatin-induced production of taxol and baccatin in cell suspension culture of yew (Taxus baccata L.)

Various elicitors have already been reported to enhance the production of taxol and related taxanes. In this study, effects of a fungal metabolite, squalestatin, on production of taxol and baccatin III were studied. Expressions of 4 key involved genes, ts, dbat, bapt, and dbtnbt, in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata were also detected using qPCR. Results showed that application of squalestatin significantly increased taxol and baccatin III yields. Increased expressions of the genes were in accordance with measures of taxol and baccatin accumulations in cells and medium. Production of H2O2 has significant positive correlations with both gene expression and taxanes, indicating that the increase in H2O2 might be involved in the upregulation of the taxane production in yew under squalestatin treatment. Our results suggest that H2O2 is a key signaling component in the stimulation of taxane production in T. baccata cells induced by squalestatin

Gender difference in motor impairments induced by chronic administration of vinblastine

Objective(s): Neurotoxicity of anticancer drugs complicates treatment of cancer patients. Vinblastine (VBL) is reported to induce motor and cognitive impairments in patients receiving chronic low-dose regimen. Materials and Methods: The effects of VBL treatment on motor, learning and memory functions of male and female Wistar rats were studied by behavioral related tests. Animals were given chronic intraperitoneal injections of VBL (0.2 mg/kg/week for 5 weeks) from postnatal day 23 to 52. Motor function was evaluated using grasping test and balancing was evaluated by the rotarod. Spatial learning and memory and anxiety-like behavior were determined using Morris water maze (MWM) task and open field test, respectively. Results: Administration of VBL caused severe damage to motor and balance function of male rats in comparison to female rats treated with VBL and rats treated with saline. Memory and locomotion were affected in both male and female rats compared with saline treated rats, while a sex difference was also observed in these parameters; male rats showed more impairment compared with female ones. Both male and female rats showed cognitive impairments in MWM task and no sex differences were observed in these functions. Conclusion: Results revealed that VBL is a potent neurotoxic agent and despite the profound effect of VBL on motor and cognitive functions, it seems that male rats are more susceptible to motor deficits induced by VBL

Date Fruit Extract Is a Neuroprotective Agent in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: A Multimodal Analysis

Background. To study the effects of an aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae) diet on diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Methods. The effects of a date fruit extract (DFE) diet on diabetic neuropathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats were evaluated and compared with a nondiabetic control group, diabetic control group (sham), and vehicle group with respect to the following parameters: open field behavioral test, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), and morphological observations. Results. In the model of STZ-induced of diabetic neuropathy, chronic treatment for 6 weeks with DFE counteracted the impairment of the explorative activity of the rats in an open field behavioral test and of the conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve (MNCV). In addition, pretreatment with DFE significantly reversed each nerve diameter reduction in diabetic rats. Conclusion. DFE treatment shows efficacy for preventing diabetic deterioration and for improving pathological parameters of diabetic neuropathy in rats, as compared with control groups

Evaluating amount of satisfaction for visit capabilities and infrastructures of Gorgan city in separation of touristic entrance regions

The general aim of this research is evaluating amount of satisfaction for visit capabilities and infrastructures of Gorgan city in separation of touristic entrance regions. This study is applicable and explanatory-analytical method is used for study. Used statistical community is consisting entered tourists from seven touristic regions to Gorgan. In this study, probabilistic multistage cluster sampling method was used. So after calculation of sample numbers by using Kokeran’s formula, some regions were selected as research sample from all of touristic absorptions and questionnaires randomly were distributed among them and then were gathered. Anova test, Danken test and the mean of visitor’s opinions were employed for analysis of data. Also the graphical output of data was depicted through Arc Map software. The findings of research showed that Gorgan tourists have announced unsatisfaction of themselves about capabilities and touristic infrastructures of this city. Nevertheless among different regions there is a meaningful disagreeability. Finally with consideration to operated evaluations about satisfactory condition of tourists related to capabilities and infrastructures of the city for improving situation, suitable solutions have been offered

The Effects of NaCl Stress on the Physiological and Oxidative Situation of Maize (Zea mayz L.) Plants in Hydroponic Culture

Abstract: The effects of NaCl salinity on biomass, Malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and proline in Zea mays L. seedlings were investigated under hydroponic condition. Seedlings were subjected to NaCl stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) for 14 days. A completely randomized design with four replicates for each treatment was used. Salinity stress affected on the growth and caused a reduction in root and shoot biomass. NaCl treatment caused a significant increase in root MDA content. NaCl at 100 mM and higher increased also the shoot MDA content significantly. Catalase activity of leaf was significantly increased at 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl in comparison with the control. Peroxidase activity in leaf started to significant increase with the rise of NaCl content at 150 and 200 mM. The leaf Na + content, root and shoot proline concentrations increased with the increase in salinity stress. The leaf K + and Ca 2+ amounts were significantly decreased with the rise of salinity stress in comparison with control