Determination of isoquinoline alkaloids contents in two Algerian species of Fumaria (Fumaria capreolata and Fumaria bastardi)

This paper describes a fast and efficient procedure to separate and identify isoquinoline alkaloids from methalonic extract of two Algerian Fumaria (Fumariacea) species (Fumaria capreolata L. and Fumariabastardi L.) used in traditional medicine in cases of hepatobiliary disfunction and diarrhoea. Total quinolizidine alkaloid contents were 426 mg/100 g (F. capreolata) and 521 mg/100 g (F. bastardi). Theisoquinoline alkaloids, stylopine, protopine, fumaritine, fumaricine, fumarophycine, fumariline and fumarofine were determined by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in aerial parts ofboth Fumaria capreolata and Fumaria bastardi. In the first species, an ester of phtalic acid was identified, and in the second species a peak seems to be a benzophenanthridine, probably a dehydro derivative and three other peaks which were identified as phtalidisoquinoline, one of them seems to bedihydrofumariline. The chemotaxonomic significance of the results is discussed

What approaches are most effective at addressing micronutrient deficiency in children 0-5 years?:A review of systematic reviews

Introduction Even though micronutrient deficiency is still a major public health problem, it is still unclear which interventions are most effective in improving micronutrient status. This review therefore aims to summarize the evidence published in systematic reviews on intervention strategies that aim at improving micronutrient status in children under the age of five. Methods We searched the literature and included systematic reviews that reported on micronutrient status as a primary outcome for children of 0–5 years old, had a focus on low or middle income countries. Subsequently, papers were reviewed and selected by two authors. Results We included 4235 reviews in this systematic review. We found that (single or multiple) micronutrient deficiencies in pre-school children improved after providing (single or multiple) micronutrients. However home fortification did not always lead to significant increase in serum vitamin A, serum ferritin, hemoglobin or zinc. Commercial fortification did improve iron status. Cord clamping reduced the risk of anemia in infants up to 6 months and, in helminth endemic areas, anthelminthic treatment increased serum ferritin levels, hemoglobin and improved height for age z-scores. Anti-malaria treatment improved ferritin levels. Discussion Based on our results the clearest recommendations are: delayed cord clamping is an effective intervention for reducing anemia in early life. In helminth endemic areas iron status can be improved by anthelminthic treatment. Anti-malaria treatment can improve ferritin. In deficient populations, single iron, vitamin A and multimicronutrient supplementation can improve iron, vitamin A and multimicronutrient status respectively. While the impact of home-fortification on multimicronutrient status remains questionable, commercial iron fortification may improve iron status

The impact of severity of antenatal anaemia on maternal and perinatal outcome in Hospital Serdang, Central Malaysia

Introduction: Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the most common public health issues in developing countries, affecting approximately 60% of pregnant woman worldwide. Severity of antenatal anaemia had been robustly linked with complications in maternal and perinatal outcome. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of antenatal anaemia with maternal and perinatal outcome among parturient delivering in Hospital Serdang. Materials and method: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary public hospital in Serdang, Selangor. 473 anaemic mothers were recruited from the electronic medical database by clinical notes and cross-referencing to the datasets of relevant test. All subjects received antenatal oral iron supplementation. Results: Multiparous mother contributed to majority of the anemia cases in pregnancy (60.5%). Out of 473anaemic mother suffering from Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), 61.3% (n=290) mothers had mild anaemia, 38.5%(n=182), and 0.2% (n=1) mothers had moderate and severe anaemia respectively. A significant association was demonstrated between severity of anaemia with post-partum haemorrhage and small for gestational age. On contrary, severity of maternal anaemia was non-significantly associated with placenta abnormalities, pre-eclampsia and sepsis. Conclusion: Anaemia amongst pregnant women especially multipara imposed a spectrum of health problems to both, mother and child. Prevention is not insurmountable; hence active intervention by all level of health care provider is imperative in order to decrease poor maternal and perinatal outcome

An extensible framework for multicore response time analysis

In this paper, we introduce a multicore response time analysis (MRTA) framework, which decouples response time analysis from a reliance on context independent WCET values. Instead, the analysis formulates response times directly from the demands placed on different hardware resources. The MRTA framework is extensible to different multicore architectures, with a variety of arbitration policies for the common interconnects, and different types and arrangements of local memory. We instantiate the framework for single level local data and instruction memories (cache or scratchpads), for a variety of memory bus arbitration policies, including: Round-Robin, FIFO, Fixed-Priority, Processor-Priority, and TDMA, and account for DRAM refreshes. The MRTA framework provides a general approach to timing verification for multicore systems that is parametric in the hardware configuration and so can be used at the architectural design stage to compare the guaranteed levels of real-time performance that can be obtained with different hardware configurations. We use the framework in this way to evaluate the performance of multicore systems with a variety of different architectural components and policies. These results are then used to compose a predictable architecture, which is compared against a reference architecture designed for good average-case behaviour. This comparison shows that the predictable architecture has substantially better guaranteed real-time performance, with the precision of the analysis verified using cycle-accurate simulation

Childhood Atopic Diseases and Early Life Circumstances: An Ecological Study in Cuba

Background: Children are especially vulnerable during periods of resource shortage such as economic embargoes. They are likely to suffer most from poor nutrition, infectious diseases, and other ensuing short-term threats. Moreover, early life circumstances can have important consequences for long-term health. We examined the relationship between early childhood exposure to the Cuban economic situation in the nineties and the occurrence of atopic diseases later in childhood. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cross-sectional study of 1321 primary schoolchildren aged 4-14 was conducted in two Cuban municipalities. Asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis were diagnosed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Children were divided into three groups of exposure to the economic situation in the nineties according to birth date: (1) unexposed; (2) exposed during infancy; (3) exposed during infancy and early childhood. Associations were assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Exposure during infancy had a significant inverse association with the occurrence of asthma (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.94) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.85). The associations were stronger after longer exposure, i.e. during infancy and early childhood, for asthma (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17-0.95) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11-0.77). No significant associations were found for atopic dermatitis. Conclusions/Significance: Exposure to the economic situation in the nineties during infancy and early childhood was inversely associated with asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis occurrence later in childhood. We hypothesize that factors related to this period, such as infectious diseases and undernutrition, may have an attenuating effect on atopic disease development. The exact cause and underlying mechanisms need to be further elucidated

Optimisation multi-objectif des parametres de conception d’un robot delta dedie a l’usinage a grande vitesse

Cet article présente un modèle pour l’optimisation multi-objectif des paramètres de conception d’un robot DELTA dédié à l’usinage à grande vitesse, basée sur la mise en oeuvre de l’algorithme génétique NSGAII sous Matlab™. Le conditionnement de la matrice jacobienne et la capacité d’accélération de la nacelle sont les fonctions ‘objectif’ du modèle d’optimisation, tandis que les forces extérieures de coupe agissant sur la nacelle, les limites cinématiques articulaires, la déformation des barres, les configurations singulières, ainsi que les forces des moteurs, qui doivent être compatibles avec les limites de performances attendues, représentent les contraintes à respecte

POLITIK KEAMANAN JEPANG DYNAMIC DEFENSE FORCE DAN PENERAPANNYA UNTUK MERESPON KONFLIK ASIA TIMUR OLEH PERDANA MENTERI SHINZO ABE

After suffered defeat in World War II, Japan took the ideology of pacifism, stated in the new 1947 Constitution. This new constitution bear a huge effect upon Japan�s defense posture, which shape it�s political security through this day. The existence of article 9 in said constitution shrinked Japan�s military power, limiting the military existance to self-defense power, and holding it from having military element