La meteorología en la enseñanza de las ciencias experimentales : una propuesta interdisciplinar e integradora

In this paper the authors describe a possible introduction of Meteorology into the new secondary education. A didactic approach, as well as examples of contents and activities, is proposed

Money Market Integration in Spain in the Ninetheen Century: The Role of the 1875-1885 Decade

Are transaction costs and half-lives between two cities the same in both directions in traditional city-based monetary systems? Market conditions and political circumstances may not justify this assumption; and we provide evidence that it does not hold in the 1825-1885 period in Spain. Moreover, we show empirical evidence that market integration in Spain from 1875 to 1885 was a slow process of monetary unification with decreasing transaction costs, and a very inefficient convergence. Therefore, full integration did not happen in the period 1875-1885 and had to wait until mid-1880s, when the Spanish money-market was unified due to financial innovations

Banking, Currency, Stock Market and Debt Crises: Revisiting Reinhart & Rogoff Debt Analysis in Spain, 1850-1995

What type of crisis is generated when debt increases? We study the Spanish debt evolution in the 19th and 20th centuries by introducing currency and stock-market crises in the Reinhart and Rogoff (2011) framework. We find their same results for the determinants of banking and debt crises but substituting external and public debt with perpetual debt. Moreover, we find that currency crises depend strongly and positively on financial centers crises and negatively and mildly on perpetual debt. We justify the negative relationship due to an inflation tax. We also find that stock-market crises depend only positively and strongly on financial centers crises

Banking, Currency, Stock Market and Debt Crises: Revisiting Reinhart & Rogoff Debt Analysis in Spain, 1850-1995

What type of crisis is generated when debt increases? We study the Spanish debt evolution in the 19th and 20th centuries by introducing currency and stock-market crises in the Reinhart and Rogoff (2011) framework. We find their same results for the determinants of banking and debt crises but substituting external and public debt with perpetual debt. Moreover, we find that currency crises depend strongly and positively on financial centers crises and negatively and mildly on perpetual debt. We justify the negative relationship due to an inflation tax. We also find that stock-market crises depend only positively and strongly on financial centers crises

Banking from Leeds, not London: regional strategy and structure at the Yorkshire Bank, 1859–1952

Industrial philanthropist Edward Akroyd created the Yorkshire Penny Savings Bank in 1859. Despite competition from the Post Office Savings Bank after 1861 and a serious reserve problem in 1911, it sustained his overall strategy to become a successful regional bank. Using archival and contemporary sources to build on recent scholarship illustrating how savings banks were integrated into local economies and the complementary roles of philanthropy and paternalism, we analyse an English regional bank's strategy, including an assessment of strategic innovation, ownership changes and management structure. This will demonstrate that the founder's vision continued, even though the 1911 crisis radically altered both strategy and structure

Dimensionado y diseño de un motor de reluctancia conmutado para una aplicación automotriz

This article provides guidelines that reduce the complexity of the design process of switched reluctance motor (SRM) and include the effects of machine geometry, configuration and performance parameters of the SRM for an 42V automotive application. The ranges of operation or design guidelines are incorporated into a systematic method of calculation implemented in Matlab® in conjunction with a commercial finite element analysis (Maxwell® by Ansys). In order to obtain the characteristic analytical results of the flux linkage and torques for some rotor positions according to proposed requirements. Additionally, these results are compared with those of commercial software to check the fit to the specifications proposed.Este artículo establece directrices que disminuyen la complejidad del proceso de diseño del motor de reluctancia conmutada (SRM), abarcan los efectos de la geometría de la máquina, y la configuración de los parámetros en el desempeño del SRM para una aplicación automotriz a 42V. Estos rangos de trabajo, o directrices de diseño se incorporan a un método sistemático de cálculo implementado en Matlab® en conjunción con un programa comercial de análisis de elementos finitos (Maxwell® by Ansys), con el fin de obtener los valores de las curvas de enlace de flujo y de par acordes a las condiciones de trabajo de la aplicación. Posteriormente se comparan estos resultados con aquellos de un software comercial, con el fin de verificar el ajuste de los mismos a las especificaciones propuestas

Criterios de diseño para un motor de reluctancia autoconmutada operando a 42v en una aplicación automotriz.

Este documento presenta un conjunto de criterios y restricciones para el diseño de un motor de reluctancia autoconmutado de 4 fases operando a 42V para una aplicación automotriz. El estudio de las variables y su parametrización en el caso de motores de pequeño voltaje fue desarrollado utilizando el software analítico RMxprt-Ansoft. Por otra parte, los requerimientos de la aplicación automotriz en particular son discutidos. Finalmente se aplican dichas restricciones a un programa de diseño realizado en MATLAB verificándose su desempeño de acuerdo a los requerimientos deseados.This paper presents a set of criteria and restrictions for the design of a 4-phases switched reluctance motor operating to 42V for an automotive application. The study of the variables and its parameterization for small voltage motors was developed using the analytical program RMxprt-Ansoft. On the other hand, the requirements of the automotive application are discussed. Finally these restrictions in a program of design made in MATLAB are applied and its agreed execution to the motor requirements is verified

La meteorología en la enseñanza de las ciencias experimentales : una propuesta interdisciplinar e integradora

In this paper the authors describe a possible introduction of Meteorology into the new secondary education. A didactic approach, as well as examples of contents and activities, is proposed

Domestic monetary transfers and the inland bill of exchange markets in Spain (1775-1885)

This article studies the monetary transfers system that was created by the short-term inland bill of exchange markets. For decades this system was the most practical way of channeling the growing volume of transfers which were taking place as a consequence of the growth of the Spanish economy. This analysis argues that, between 1775 and 1885, the markets involved in this activity became progressively more efficient, due largely to the multilateralization of the payment system. This situation lasted longer in Spain than in the rest of Europe since Spanish banking was, initially, slower to develop. Using univariate and multivariate GARCH models, it was possible to conclude that the inland bill of exchange markets constituted an essential monetary instrument, and one that faithfully reflects the integration of monetary markets in Spain.Domestic monetary transfers Integration of monetary markets Inland bill of exchange rate in Spain Eighteenth and nineteenth century Monetary and financial history