O processo de (des) continuidade socioterritorial no projeto de assentamento Irmã Adelaide, Miracema do Tocantins – TO

This work of dissertation had as objective to analyze the dynamics of socioterritorial and economic continuity, of the peasants of P.A Sister Adelaide; as well as to understand the socioeconomic situation of families observing the possibilities and expectations of socioterritorial continuity in the face of the contradictions of the capitalist mode of production. The analysis was based on a bibliographical review and conceptual readings related to the research theme, information was collected about income source (s) and through fieldwork, application of questionnaires and interviews, regarding the cultivation in the lots ; number of family members residing in and outside Brazil, reasons that led to the migration, difficulties encountered by the families that remain. FrA. Adelaide is part of the municipality of Miracema do Tocantins - TO, has 106 families settled, was created in 1988, its name is a nun tribute militant Sister Adelaide. Murdered in 1985 for being always linked to issues of disputes over land and conflict in the southern state of Pará. Within the historical context of formation of the movement that fought for the creation of PA Sister Adelaide, we can highlight the direct participation of people who came from several corners of Brazil. Most of the workers are from the municipality of Miracema do Tocantins - TO. The presence of workers from other regions makes us believe how high the demand for landless workers is also high in other Brazilian states. The reality of the Sister Adelaide settlement project is no different from most of the existing settlements in Tocantins, preserving their proper specificities of daily life and the struggle to remain on earth. It was observed that short-cycle crops predominate in the settlement, as is the case of maize, cassava, beans and rice, for family sustenance. The income of small-scale agricultural and livestock production in Sister Adelaide PA can approach a minimum wage value or more, it has been identified, the predominance of social problems still unresolved, such as that must be overcome, such as housing reform, care doctor in the health clinic, and bank credit so that they can invest in the cultivation of the products, the prospects of the settlers are to continue in the PA and that they are attended by the agrarian Reform policies.Este trabalho de dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica de continuidade socioterritorial e econômica, dos camponeses do P.A Irmã Adelaide, bem como entender a situação socioeconômica das famílias observando as possibilidades e expectativas de continuidade socioterritorial perante as contradições do modo de produção capitalista. Para realização da análise baseou-se em uma revisão bibliográfica e leituras conceituais referentes ao tema da pesquisa, foram coletadas informações acerca de fonte(s) de renda e através de trabalhos de campo, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas, a respeito do cultivo nos lotes, número de membros das famílias residentes no P.A e fora dele, motivos que levaram à migração, dificuldades encontradas pelas famílias que permanecem. O P.A Irmã Adelaide faz parte do município de Miracema do Tocantins - TO, conta com 106 famílias assentadas, foi criado em 1998, e seu nome é uma homenagem a freira militante Irmã Adelaide, assassinada em 1985 em virtude de estar ligada às questões de disputas por terras e conflitos no sul do estado do Pará sempre defendendo o trabalhador camponês. Dentro do contexto histórico de formação do movimento que lutou pela criação do P.A Irmã Adelaide, podemos destacar a participação direta de pessoas que vieram de vários cantos do Brasil. No entanto a maioria dos trabalhadores é de origem do próprio município de Miracema do Tocantins – TO. A presença de trabalhadores de outras regiões nos faz acreditar como é alta a demanda de trabalhadores sem terra também nos outros estados brasileiros. A realidade do projeto de assentamento Irmã Adelaide não é diferente da maioria dos assentamentos existentes no Tocantins, guardada suas devidas especificidades do cotidiano e da luta por permanecer na terra. Observou-se que no assentamento predomina as culturas de ciclos curtos, como é o caso do milho, da mandioca, do feijão e do arroz, para o sustento familiar. A renda da pequena produção agrícola e da pecuária no P.A Irmã Adelaide pode se aproximar ao valor de um salário mínimo ou mais, Fo identificado a predominância de problemas sociais ainda não solucionados, e que devem ser superados, como reforma das habitações, atendimento médico no posto de saúde, a busca por créditos bancários para que possam investir no cultivo da produção. Diante disso as perspectivas dos assentados são de continuar no Projeto de Assentamento tendo em vista que esperam serem atendidos pelas políticas de Reforma agrária do governo federal

Geometry of Brane-Worlds

The most general geometrical scenario in which the brane-world program can be implemented is investigated. The basic requirement is that it should be consistent with the confinement of gauge interaction, the existence of quantum states and the embedding in a bulk with arbitrary dimensions, signature and topology. It is found that the embedding equations are compatible with a wide class of Lagrangians, starting with a modified Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian as the simplest one, provided minimal boundaries are added to the bulk. A non-trivial canonical structure is derived, suggesting a canonical quantization of the brane-world geometry relative to the extra dimensions, where the quantum states are set in correspondence with high frequency gravitational waves. It is shown that in the cases of at least six dimensions, there exists a confined gauge field included in the embedding structure. The size of extra dimensions compatible with the embedding is calculated and found to be different from the one derived with product topology.Comment: Minor changes and a correction to equation (22). 9 pages twocolumn Revte

The accelerating universe in brane-world cosmology

The standard Friedmann universe embedded in a five dimensional and constant curvature bulk is examined without any a priori junction condition between the brane and the bulk. A geometrical explanation for the accelerated expansion of the universe is derived by using a minimum set of assumptions consistent with the brane-world program. It is shown that the extrinsic curvature of the brane can be associated to the dark energy which presumably drives the universe expansion.Comment: Revtex, 4 page

D-Dimensional Radiative Plasma: A Kinetic Approach

The covariant kinetic approach for the radiative plasma, a mixture of a relativistic moving gas plus radiation quanta (photons, neutrinos, or gravitons) is generalized to D spatial dimensions. The operational and physical meaning of Eckart's temperature is reexamined and the D-dimensional expressions for the transport coefficients (heat conduction, bulk and shear viscosity) are explicitly evaluated to first order in the mean free time of the radiation quanta. Weinberg's conclusion that the mixture behaves like a relativistic imperfect simple fluid (in Eckart's formulation) depends neither on the number of spatial dimensions nor on the details of the collisional term. The case of Thomson scaterring is studied in detail, and some consequences for higher dimensional cosmologies are also discussed.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure, uses REVTE

The Deformable Universe

The concept of smooth deformations of a Riemannian manifolds, recently evidenced by the solution of the Poincar\'e conjecture, is applied to Einstein's gravitational theory and in particular to the standard FLRW cosmology. We present a brief review of the deformation of Riemannian geometry, showing how such deformations can be derived from the Einstein-Hilbert dynamical principle. We show that such deformations of space-times of general relativity produce observable effects that can be measured by four-dimensional observers. In the case of the FLRW cosmology, one such observable effect is shown to be consistent with the accelerated expansion of the universe.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX, 3 figure

Localization of gravity in brane world with arbitrary extra dimensions

We study the induced 4-dimensional linearized Einstein field equations in an m-dimensional bulk space by means of a confining potential. It is shown that in this approach the mass of graviton is quantized. The cosmological constant problem is also addressed within the context of this approach. We show that the difference between the values of the cosmological constant in particle physics and cosmology stems from our measurements in two different scales, small and large.Comment: 8 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:gr-qc/0408004, arXiv:gr-qc/0607067, arXiv:0704.1035, arXiv:0707.3558, arXiv:0710.266

Early age of onset of drug use in Paraguayan children and adolescents: a public health challenge: Edad temprana de inicio de uso de drogas en niños y adolescentes paraguayos: un desafío de salud pública

La edad de inicio del consumo de drogas legales e ilegales es una variable crucial en el campo de la salud mental. Permite a clínicos y a investigadores de todo el mundo intentar predecir el riesgo vital de trastornos por uso de sustancias, enfermedad mental y adaptación social, y a diseñar estrategias de prevención e intervenciones precoces para hacer frente a estas entidades. El uso de drogas legales o ilegales durante la infancia y la adolescencia ha sido asociado a un vasto rango de malos resultados por distintos autores. El efecto del uso de sustancias al parecer incluye no sólo resultados relacionados con la salud, sino que posee también implicancias sociales negativas a largo plazo que afectan el sustento de los individuos. El inicio temprano del uso de drogas legales e ilegales es una epidemia social en Paraguay (Sudamérica). En este breve artículo, nuestro objetivo es presentar los pocos estudios realizados en el país que muestran una edad extremadamente temprana de inicio del consumo de drogas y proporcionar algunos argumentos sobre por qué estos datos deberían ser motivo de preocupación para los responsables de la formulación de políticas en el país. Palabras clave: Edad de inicio; Uso de drogas; Niños; Adolescentes. ABSTRACT The age of onset of legal and illegal drugs use is a crucial variable in the mental health field. It enables clinicians and researchers across the world to try to predict the lifetime risk of substance use disorders, mental illness and social adaptation, and to tailor prevention strategies and early interventions to address these entities. The use of legal or illegal drugs during childhood and adolescence has been linked to a vast range of bad outcomes by different authors. The effect of substance use seems to include not only health-related issues, but it also has long-term negative social implications that affect the livelihood of the individuals. Early initiation of legal and illegal drug use is a social epidemic in Paraguay (South America). In this brief piece, we aim to present the few studies done in the country showing an extremely early age of onset of drug use and to provide some arguments for why this data should be of concern for policy makers in the country. Keywords: Age of onset; Drug use; Children; Adolescents

Mental Healthcare for refugees: Atención en Salud Mental para refugiados

The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the difficulties that mental health providers face when trying to provide the best standard of mental healthcare to refugees, especially in countries where the political environment is skeptic of, or even hostile to, creating programs specifically designed to improve the standard of living of this population. We also focus briefly on the dichotomy between the need to do research in this population in order to obtain data that will help us offer the best care possible to them, and the peril of undermining their autonomy by subjecting them to studies they might have otherwise refused to be part of, if they were in a less precarious position. Throughout the article, we offer practical advice that mental healthcare providers can follow to ensure that they are offering the best possible care to their patients while remaining respectful of their rights.  Keywords: Mental health providers; Mental healthcare; Refugees

On the embedding of branes in five-dimensional spaces

We investigate the embedding of four-dimensional branes in five-dimensional spaces. We firstly consider the case when the embedding space is a vacuum bulk whose energy-momentum tensor consists of a Dirac delta function with support in the brane. We then consider the embedding in the context of Randall-Sundrum-type models, taking into account $Z_{2}$ symmetry and a cosmological constant. We employ the Campbell-Magaard theorem to construct the embeddings and are led to the conclusion that the content of energy-matter of the brane does not necessarily determine its curvature. Finally, as an application to illustrate our results, we construct the embedding of Minkowski spacetime filled with dust.Comment: 12 pages - REVTEX To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravit

¿Mejora el PILATES la salud mental?

El Pilates es una forma alternativa de terapia física de baja a moderada intensidad, predominantemente realizada en el suelo y que se enfoca en abordar estabilidad, fuerza muscular, flexibilidad, respiración y postura. Existe evidencia que sostiene su utilidad en la salud física. En cambio, la evidencia es todavía limitada en cuanto a su efectividad para mejorar la salud mental. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión fue resaltar la evidencia preliminar que apoya la utilidad del Pilates en la mejora de la salud mental y variables psicológicas de las personas. Esta fue una revisión narrativa, no sistemática, centrada en literatura primaria, seleccionada de una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO. Los términos clave que se utilizaron fueron los siguientes: "Pilates y salud mental”, “Pilates y trastornos mentales” y “Pilates y psiquiatría”. Los resultados fueron complementados con literatura secundaria (libros y capítulos de libros). Todos los miembros del equipo de investigación participaron en la revisión de la literatura. Todo lo anterior se realizó a fin de brindar una orientación general que sirva a médicos psiquiatras y a fisioterapeutas en el diseño de planes terapéuticos que complementen a los psicofármacos, la psicoterapia y al ejercicio físico convencional