Abstracts from the NIHR INVOLVE Conference 2017

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La evidencia visible de los productores culturales

This review discusses anthropological research that analyzes the practices through which individuals and groups produce music, video, film, visual arts, and theater, and the ideological and institutional frameworks within which these processes occur. Viewing these media and popular culture forms as arenas in which social actors struggle over social meanings and as visible evidence of social processes and social relations, this research addresses the social, political, and aesthetic dimensions of these productions.El texto revisa las investigaciones antropológicas recientes que se han centrado en el estudio de las prácticas a través de las cuales los individuos y los grupos humanos producen música, videos, películas, artes visuales y teatro, tomando en cuenta los marcos ideológicos e institucionales dentro de los cuales ocurre esta producción. Estas formas mediáticas y de cultura popular son presentadas como campos dentro de los cuales los actores sociales discuten acerca de los significados, y como evidencia observable de procesos y relaciones sociales. Desde este punto de vista, Mahon muestra cómo las distintas investigaciones antropológicas han abordado las dimensiones sociales, políticas y estéticas de estos productos culturales

La evidencia visible de los productores culturales

This review discusses anthropological research that analyzes the practices through which individuals and groups produce music, video, film, visual arts, and theater, and the ideological and institutional frameworks within which these processes occur. Viewing these media and popular culture forms as arenas in which social actors struggle over social meanings and as visible evidence of social processes and social relations, this research addresses the social, political, and aesthetic dimensions of these productions.El texto revisa las investigaciones antropológicas recientes que se han centrado en el estudio de las prácticas a través de las cuales los individuos y los grupos humanos producen música, videos, películas, artes visuales y teatro, tomando en cuenta los marcos ideológicos e institucionales dentro de los cuales ocurre esta producción. Estas formas mediáticas y de cultura popular son presentadas como campos dentro de los cuales los actores sociales discuten acerca de los significados, y como evidencia observable de procesos y relaciones sociales. Desde este punto de vista, Mahon muestra cómo las distintas investigaciones antropológicas han abordado las dimensiones sociales, políticas y estéticas de estos productos culturales

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of copper(II) and silver(I) complexes of hydroxynitrocoumarins: X-ray crystal structures of [Cu(hnc)2(H2O)2] Æ 2H2O and [Ag(hnc)] (hncH = 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one)

[Cu(hnc)2(H2O)2] · 2H2O (1) [hncH = 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one] and [Ag(hnc)] (2) were prepared by deprotonating the hydroxy group of hncH with NaOH and then adding copper(II) chloride dihydrate and silver(I) nitrate, respectively. [Ag(hmnc)] (3) was synthesised in a similar manner [hmncH = 7-hydroxy-8-nitro-3-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one]. The mixed-ligand Ag(I) complex [Ag(phen)2hnc] (4) was prepared by treating silver(I) nitrate with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (1:1) and subsequent reaction with a solution containing hncH and NaOH. Molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The asymmetric unit in 1 contains two molecules of water in addition to one molecule of the copper complex. In 2 the asymmetric unit comprises one hnc− ligand moiety bonded in a bidentate fashion to the silver(I) ion with additional interactions from three other coumarin ligands. The geometry is best described as pentagonal bipyramidal. While none of the coumarin-based ligands or the free copper salt showed any significant anti-microbial activity, AgNO3 and its’ phen and coumarin complexes exhibited good anti-microbial activity, particularly against the clinically important methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterium and also demonstrated good activity, comparable to that of the commercial fungicides clortrimazole and ketoconazole, against a clinical isolate of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans

Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of copper(II) and manganese(II) complexes of coumarin-6,7-dioxyacetic acid (cdoaH2) and 4-methylcoumarin-6,7-dioxyacetic acid (4-MecdoaH2): X-ray crystal structures of [Cu(cdoa)(phen)2] · 8.8H2O and [Cu(4-Mecdoa)(phen)2] · 13H2O (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline)

Two novel coumarin-based ligands, coumarin-6,7-dioxyacetic acid (1) (cdoaH2) and 4-methylcoumarin-6,7-dioxyacetic acid (2) (4-MecdoaH2), were reacted with copper(II) and manganese(II) salts to give [Cu(cdoa)(H2O)2] · 1.5H2O (3), [Cu(4-Mecdoa)(H2O)2] (4), [Mn(cdoa)(H2O)2] (5) and [Mn(4-Mecdoa)(H2O)2] · 0.5H2O (6). The metal complexes, 3–6, were characterised by elemental analysis, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements and were assigned a polymeric structure. 1 and 2 react with Cu(II) in the presence of excess 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) giving [Cu(cdoa)(phen)2] · 8.8H2O (7) and [Cu(4-Mecdoa)(phen)2] · 13H2O (8), respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of 7 and 8 confirmed trigonal bipyramidal geometries, with the metals bonded to the four nitrogen atoms of the two chelating phen molecules and to a single carboxylate oxygen of the dicarboxylate ligand. The complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity against a number of microbial species, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The metal-free ligands 1 and 2 were active against all of the microbes. Complexes 3–6 demonstrated no significant activity whilst the phen adducts 7 and 8 were active against MRSA (MIC80 = 12.1 μM), E. coli (MIC80 = 14.9 μM) and Patonea agglumerans (MIC80 = 12.6 μM). Complex 7 also demonstrated anti-Candida activity (MIC80 = 22 μM) comparable to that of the commercially available antifungal agent ketoconazole (MIC80 = 25 μM)

High levels of psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and alcohol use disorder in adults with atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: The burden of illness associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) is significant and multidimensional, especially in those with moderate to severe disease. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the disease burden of patients with AD in relation to psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and alcohol misuse. METHODS: Patients with AD, attending 2 tertiary referral centers in Dublin, Ireland, were recruited. A series of validated questionnaires were used including the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Quality of Life in Atopic Dermatitis Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Eczema Area and Severity Index was calculated contemporaneously with the questionnaire completion. RESULTS: One hundred patients completed the questionnaire, of whom 52% were female. Sixty-three percent of patients experienced impaired quality of life as measured by the DLQI. Higher DLQI scores correlated with decreasing age. Thirty percent were found to be at risk of clinical depression, and higher Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale scores correlated with a younger age and eczema severity. Sleep disturbance was greater in those at risk of depression. Patients with moderate to severe AD were more likely to score higher on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and 25% met the criteria for alcohol use disorder. In relation to sleep, 73% of patients scored higher than 5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which signifies poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AD endure a significant burden on health with regard to mental well-being, alcohol use, and sleep quality. Clinicians should consider screening patients for these comorbidities