Keanekaragaman Serangga Polinator di Taman Keanekaragaman Hayati Lumbok Seminung, Lampung Barat

  Serangga polinator termasuk serangga menguntungkan karena mempunyai peran sebagai perantara penyerbukan tanaman. Belum ada penelitian terkait inventarisasi jenis serangga polinator di Taman Keanekaragaman Hayati (Kehati) di Lumbok Seminung, Lampung Barat sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, dan nilai indeks keanekaragaman serangga polinator di Taman Kehati. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada September-November 2021 dengan menggunakan metode jelajah disertai pengamatan langsung di lokasi. Pengamatan serangga polinator dilakukan pada pagi hari dan siang hari. Keanekaragaman jenis dihitung menggunakan rumus Shannon-Wiener. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 ordo, 8 famili, dan 21 spesies serangga polinator. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman tergolong sedang dengan nilai 2,77. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi adalah Lepidoptera dengan nilai 1,72, diikuti Hymenoptera dengan nilai 1,00, dan Diptera dengan nilai 0,05

Survei Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus (ORSV) yang Menginfeksi Anggrek Alam Tropis di Indonesia

Natural orchids are one of the important ornamental plants that were cultivated in tropical countries, including Indonesia. Virus infections has been important limiting factor in orchids cultivation because it decreases the orchids quality. Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) is one of the most reported virus infecting orchids which spread widely in the world. During 2010–2014 surveys of viral infections were conducted in Indonesia. The orchids were found infected by virus, showed symptoms of mosaic, mottle, chlorotic, necrotic, streak, wilting leaf, and ringspot on leaf surface. Detection with serological test DAS-ELISA showed only 11 from 125 samples were infected by ORSV with total incidence of 8,8%. Nine leaf samples of Phalaenopsis sp. were infected, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that Phalaenopsis is orchids genus which is the most abundantly and susceptibly infected by ORSV. The results proved that ORSV have entered and spread widely by infected orchids in orchids landscape (nursery), semi-natural forests (botanical gardens), and natural forest (national park) throughout Indonesia. This is the first report of ORSV infecting natural tropical orchids in Indonesia. INTISARI Anggrek alam merupakan salah satu kekayaan flora asli negara tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Keberadaan di habitat aslinya sudah sangat berkurang yang disebabkan kerusakan hutan dan adanya penyakit. Infeksi virus masih menjadi faktor pembatas terpenting dalam budidaya dan pengembangan potensi anggrek alam. Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) adalah salah satu jenis virus yang dilaporkan paling banyak menginfeksi anggrek serta memiliki penyebaran yang luas di dunia. Selama 2010-2014 telah dilakukan survei lapangan terhadap infeksi virus di Indonesia. Beberapa anggrek yang ditemukan terinfeksi oleh virus menunjukkan gejala berupa mosaik, belang, klorosis, nekrosis, streak, daun layu, dan bercak cincin pada permukaan daun. Deteksi dengan uji serologis DAS-ELISA menunjukkan bahwa 11 dari 125 sampel terinfeksi oleh ORSV dengan total kejadian 8,8%. Masing-masing sembilan dari total sampel daun terinfeksi merupakan Phalaenopsis sp. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa Phalaenopsis adalah genus anggrek yang paling cocok dan rentan terhadap infeksi ORSV. Hasil penelitian survei kejadian infeksi Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) membuktikan bahwa virus ini telah masuk dan menyebar secara luas oleh anggrek-anggrek alam tropis yang terinfeksi di pertamanan anggrek (nurseri), hutan semi-alami (kebun raya), dan hutan alam (taman nasional) di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ini merupakan laporan pertama mengenai infeksi ORSV terhadap anggrek-anggrek alam tropis di Indonesia

PENERAPAN MODEL CIRC (COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS NARASI

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis narasi pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri I Logandu Kebumen melalui model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe CIRC (Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition) tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 27 siswa dan guru kelas IV SD Negeri I Logandu Kebumen. Sumber data berasal dari guru dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah hasil observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan  tes. Validitas data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi metode. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif komparatif dan teknik analisis kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pretest tentang keterampilan menulis narasi adalah 56,37 dengan persentase ketuntasan siswa kelas sebesar 22,22%. Pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 63,93 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas sebesar 55,56%. Pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 75,35 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas sebesar 85,19%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan model pembelajaran CIRC (Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition) dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis narasi pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri I Logandu Kebumen tahun ajaran 2014/2015. 

Extraction of parabens from cosmetic and environmental water samples coupled with uv-visible spectroscopy

An effective and fast vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid extraction method was developed for the extraction of paraben in cosmetic samples and water samples. The paraben was determined and quantifi ed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design was used for the optimization of factors (composition of the extractant, volume of extractant, extraction time, centrifugation time, and centrifugation velocity) affecting the extraction effi ciency of the procedure. The optimum parameters for vortexassisted dispersive liquid–liquid extraction (VA-DLLE) are: chloroform used as the extractant solvent, 5 ml volume of extractant, 3 min extraction time, 5 min centrifugation time, and 2400 rpm centrifugation velocity. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantifi cation (LOQ) for paraben are 0.0476 and 0.1442 μg/mL, respectively. Spiked cosmetic samples have the extraction recoveries in the range of 81.2–96.8%, whereas spiked water sample extraction recoveries were in the range of 88.8–100.63%. Each sample was repeated (n = 2), with a relative standard deviation of <5.74% for cosmetic samples and <9.03% for water samples. In conclusion, this extraction method is fast and inexpensive for the extraction of paraben

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL)

Abstract: The objective of this research is to improve early reading skills through Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach. This research forms is Classroom Action Research, it was conducted in two cycles. The subject of this research is the first grade students of  Popongan  2 State Elementary School karanganyar, amounting to 40 students. The techniques of collecting data are observation, interview, documentation, and test. The data analysis technique uses Milles Huberman’s interactive model analysis. The average score before action is 71,5; on the cycle I rising to 73,6; and on the cycle II rising again become 78,2. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that through Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach can improving the early reading skills in the first grade students of  Popongan 02 State Elementary School on the academic year of 2012/2013. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan keterampilan membaca permulaan melalui pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas I SD Negeri 02 Popongan Karanganyar yang berjumlah 40 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis model interaktif Milles Huberman. Nilai rata-rata kelas sebelum tindakan sebesar 71,5; siklus I naik menjadi 73,6 dan pada siklus II naik menjadi 78,2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca permulaan pada siswa kelas I SD Negeri 02 Popongan, Karanganyar, tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Kata kunci: Keterampilan, Membaca Permulaan, Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)

Ceratorhiza Induction Towards ORSV Infection on Viability of Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium

Orchids have a high level of biodiversity, such as Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis, which are epiphytes. Dendrobium can adapt to the condition of where it lives while Phalaenopsis can grow in highlands and depends on sunlight and humidity. Virus infection has become one of the obstacles in cultivating Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis. Efforts to increase fitness and control in Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis cultivation can be done by inducing the plant's fitness using a mycorrhiza, such as Ceratorhiza. A mycorrhiza is a form of mutualism between fungi and the plant's root. This research is aimed to give information related to the utilization of Cerathoriza for inducing orchids to suppress Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infection, giving it better growth. The research was done in February-March 2021 at Botany Laboratory University of Lampung. A completely randomized factorial design was used on two factors, kind of orchid and mycorrhiza treatment (M), virus (V), and mycorrhiza virus (MV). Variables examined in this research are the amount of living and dead roots and leaves. Data obtained is homogenized using Levene's test and continued by ANOVA with the significance level of 5% and further testing using Tukey's test with the significance level of 5%. From this research, it is known that interaction between Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium exists during virus and mycorrhiza administration. It is concluded that Phalaenopsis anabilis is more vulnerable than Dendrobium discolor

DETEKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI MOLEKULER ODONTOGLOSSUM RINGSPOT VIRUS (ORSV) ISOLAT JAWA DAN BALI

Orchids are one of the most important ornamental plants and cultivated in tropical countries, including in Indonesia. Virus infections become important limiting factor in orchids cultivation because it causes significant losses of the plants. Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) is one of the most reported viruses infecting orchids and spread widely in the world. The common symptoms are mosaic with line pattern and necrotic ringspot on leaf surface, and also color breaking on flower. The purpose of this research was to find out the occurrence of ORSV infecting orchids in Java and Bali, genetic relationship among ORSV isolates based on similarities of coat protein (CP) gene, and analyze the pathogenicity test isolates ORSV Java and Bali. Survey and samples collection were conducted in seven locations cultivating orchids in Java and Bali during May � August 2010. Detection with Reverse Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) showed that ORSV was infected three leaf samples of Phalaenopsis sp., called ORSV BOC, ORSV KRB and ORSV TNBB isolates. The results obtained by amplification of DNA band with 474 bp in length as expression of ORSV CP gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of CP gene showed that ORSV BOC have similarity close to ORSV Germany, whereas ORSV KRB and ORSV TNBB leads to speciation that possible to be a new strain. Pathogenicity test using various healthy plants showed that ORSV BOC can infected and cause systemic symptoms on Chenopodium amaranticolor, Nicotiana tabacum, Dendrobium sp., Cymbidium sp., Chattleya sp., Phalaenopsis sp., Liparis sp., Spatthoglotis sp. and Pectelis sussanae (L.) Raf