Accidental Death Due to Autoerotic Asphyxia Coupled With Fetishistic Transvestism

Fetishistic transvestism is a disorder of sexual perversion associated with fantasies and sexual urges to dress in opposite gender clothing as a means of arousal and adjunct to masturbation and coitus. However, transvestism has been described in schizophrenia and psychosis and fetishism in the course of simple schizophrenia. Our reported case is a 26 year-old male found hanging in transvestite attire wearing blouse and petticoat. There was no psychiatric background and no known previous suicidal behavior of the deceased. The manner of death was finally considered to be an accident. The cause of the death was accidental hanging provoked by fatal autoerotic asphyxia

A comparison of the efficacy and safety of daily inhaled budesonide/formoterol and as and when needed inhaled budesonide/formoterol combination in moderate persistent asthma

Background: To evaluate efficacy and safety of a fixed dose combination of budesonide/formoterol inhaler, when used as and when needed treatment approach in comparison with similar regimen daily.Methods: A prospective, open label, parallel group study design, in which, screened patients, having moderate persistent asthma, underwent a 2 week of run in period, underwent randomization in two treatment groups, in one group daily treatment with fixed dose combination of budesonide/formoterol inhaler and in another group as and when needed treatment with similar medication. The assessments after baseline were done at 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The primary outcomes were Asthma Control Questionnaire Score (ACQS), asthma free days, exacerbation frequency and severity. Other outcomes were, lung functions, need for rescue medication, Modified Borg dyspnea score and patient preference on VAS.Results: The mean age of 50 patients included in study was 40.24±2.38 years in group I, and 39.24±1.81 years in group II. Patients were followed up for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of run in period. Improvement of ACQS, exacerbation prevention and number of asthma free days were same with both the regimens. Though the drugs taken in as and when needed treatment group was almost half of daily regimen group. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were not found in any group. No association between adverse effects and dose was established.Conclusions: Both the treatment regimens improve the asthma control parameters, prevent exacerbations and prevent the decline in lung functions with the similar efficacy and safety. So as and when needed treatment approach can be an alternative to daily regimen for stable moderate persistent asthma patients

Sudden death in strabismus surgery under local anaesthesia: a case report

Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) sometimes occurs as a result of pressure on the eye or traction of the intraorbital surrounding structures during ophthalmic surgery. This can result in bradycardiac arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. A 45-year-old female was undergoing an elective squint correction surgery of one eye under local anaesthesia in a private hospital in December 2013. The patient was preoperatively examined, investigated and admitted to the hospital one day prior to operation. There was no previous history of any chronic illnesses. The patient collapsed during surgery and declared dead. Doctors attempting strabismus surgery under local anaesthesia should be familiar with this phenomenon. Keywords: Local anaesthesia, Oculocardiac reflex, Cholinergic antagonists, Strabismu

Role of Vajraka Taila in the management of Vrana

In today’s busy and fast life more people are living with conditions that increase their susceptibility to traumatic wounds, due to one or the other cause; thereby taking a heavy toll of life. As per Ayurveda, these type of wounds, which are caused by extrinsic factors are known as Sadyovrana. The major aspect of the management of the traumatic wounds is prevention of the infection, speedy healing, reducing pain, discharge and less discoloration after healing. In Ayurveda, various formulations for debridement are mentioned such as Kwaatha, Kalka, Churna, Rasakriya, Varti, Taila and Ghrita depending on the Avastha of Vrana. In the present study use of Vajraka Taila for external application, has been chosen. Total 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and the treatment was given for 15 days. The study showed that Vajraka Taila is very effective in Vrana

BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF VARIOUS METABOLITES IN CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS (LINN) SCHRAD

Citrullus colocynthis (Bitter apple) is a medicinally important plant. It is also known as colocynth. It belongs to family cucurbitaceae. In the present set of investigations, biochemical changes of various cellular metabolites/enzymes were observed from in vivo (leaf, stem, fruit and root) and in vitro (callus and differentiating callus) of Citrullus colocynthis. Total soluble sugar content was observed maximum in differentiating callus while minimum amount was observed in callus. Maximum amount of reducing sugar was observed in callus while minimum amount was observed in root sample. Starch was observed maximum in root while minimum amount was observed in callus. α-amylase activity was maximum in callus and minimum in root sample. More α-amylase activity could be correlated to less starch contents and vice-versa

Improving a Transhumance Livestock System of India with Modern Technologies

Traditional livestock rearing systems in grasslands evolved in response to social, climatic, vegetative and technological conditions that existed scores, hundreds, or in some cases up to a thousand of years ago. Many of these systems involve vertical transhumance where flocks and herds are moved up elevation gradients for summer pasturage or horizontal transhumance in which livestock migrate across greater distances in response to regional rainfall patterns and the resulting availability of forage. In spite of the relatively low earnings of individual herders, these pastoral systems can contribute substantially to the national economies, while providing sustenance and food security to significant portions of the population. Additionally, traditional livestock rearing often contributes a rich social culture in regions where it is practiced and many societies closely identify with traditional livestock herding lifestyles. In many parts of the world herders still use traditional transhumance systems but they are coming under increased pressure from a number of forces such as social, economic (globalization) and political both within and external to these societies. Yet, many rural people living at or near the subsistence level still rely heavily on small flocks or herds that migrate for their livelihoods. These traditional pastoral or agro pastoral systems and the people that use them have an opportunity to employ modern technologies to change and improve with developing technologies. We studied the Indian Raika (Dewasi/Rebari) horizontal transhumance system of sheep and cattle from their home villages in western Rajasthan to the regions of Haryana and Delhi. During this project we attempted to understand the constraints to production, techniques that could increase animal health and family income of herders. One of the main goals of the project was to also identify programmatic opportunities whereby information at the national or international level could be used to improve sustainability and efficiency of movement from one grazing location to another

SpO2/FiO2 ratio: a prognostic marker for influenza patients

Background: The objective of the study was to study the utility of SpO2 /FiO2 ratio for monitoring and predicting the outcome of   H1N1 positive patients of category C.Methods: This study is a hospital based observational study done at Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India from 14th January to 15th April 2015.  In this study, 156 H1N1 positive patients of category C were included.Results: 156 Patients were included. 96 were female and 60 were male patients. SpO2/FiO2 ratio was calculated on day one and values were used to divide patients into 5 groups. Highest mortality (70%) is seen in a group with SpO2/FiO2 ratio < 150. SpO2/FiO2 ratio progressively dropped in patients who died. SpO2/FiO2 ratio gradually improved in patients who survived.Conclusions: SpO2/FiO2 ratio on day 1 can be used as a prognostic marker in H1N1 positive patients. SpO2/FiO2 ratio was found to be a reliable marker to monitor the patients

A review of action of commonly used antihypertensive drugs in Ayurveda with special reference to Samprapti Vighatana

Hypertension stands as a disease of high mortality owing to being a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke and kidney diseases. Treatment modalities of modern medical science do not have enough efficacies in reducing target organ damage and they have adverse effects as well. So global attention is diverted towards the Ayurveda for safe, effective and economical remedies. A number of Ayurvedic herbs are being used since time immortal to treat hypertension based on the factors involved in the Pathogenesis. So it is the need of the time to validate the claims of antihypertensive herbs on modern parameter regarding its safety and efficacy. This study is made with an aim to review the various studies done on commonly used antihypertensive herbs and their role in breaking the pathogenesis. The various pathological mechanisms contributing the manifestation of hypertension and recent study on antihypertensive herbs are compiled by going through texts, journals and internet search. The obtained data are reviewed critically to understand the actions of herbs in Samprapti Vighatana of Hypertension. It is found that the hypertension is a disorder of Vaata Dosha due to Aavarana. The causative factors are Santarpanajanya Nidaan. The various other factors involved in the manifestation of Hypertension are Rasavaha, Raktavaha, Medovaha and Manovaha Srotas. The treatment of Hypertension should be done with targeting these factors with proper assessment of strength of disease and disesed

Pastoral Land Use and Grazing Measurement through Remotely Sensed Data

About 60 percent of the world\u27s pasture land (about 2.2 million sq km), just less than half the world\u27s usable surface is covered by grazinglands. These are distributed between arid, semi arid and sub humid, humid, temperate and tropical highlands zones. This supports about 360 million cattle (half of which are in the humid savannas), and over 600 million sheep and goats, mostly in the arid rangelands (grasslands) (IFAD, 2005). Grasslands around the world can have drastically different grazing management systems depending on the political, social, economic, and cultural settings. Livestock grazing is the predominant type of land use, providing the livelihood for more than a billion people. Still, livestock grazing is associated with large uncertainties, as the productivity of the pastures depends strongly on the low and highly variable precipitation (Behnke et al., 1993; Sullivan and Rhode, 2002; Westoby et al., 1989). In the semi-arid areas of western Rajasthan, the sparse yearly rainfall is concentrated in a distinct and short rainy season that is followed by the crop growing season and also the grassland vegetation. For a risk-averse herder, the challenge of grazing management is to optimally adapt to this highly variable and highly uncertain rainfall scenario while taking into account ecosystem dynamics. Extensive livestock rearing by Raika / Dewasi community has been a major occupation for centuries and traditional nomadic herding lifestyle in western arid Rajasthan. Its open grazing lands have so far, more or less, sustained this activity. But, with the teeming population of small-ruminants, management and control over village pasture use has slackened as a result incidences of encroachment have increased during recent past. We studied a pre- and post-monsoon pasture in the Nimbol village of Pali district using Clark’s Animal Tracking System (GPS) and remote sensing techniques. Our objectives were to: 1) understand the changes in pastoral land use management and document grazing land use patterns during the pre-grazing (pre-monsoon) and post-grazing (post-monsoon) periods at a local scale using remote sensing mapping methods, 2) evaluate changes in grazing land use from the pre-grazing and post-grazing period, and 3) assess the effects of land use changes on rangeland vegetation productivity using LISS-IV Mx satellite images

Comparison of Bone Mineral Density in Thalassemia Major Patients with Healthy Controls

Chronic hemoglobinopathies like thalassemia are associated with many osteopathies like osteoporosis. Methods. This observational study was carried out to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) in transfusion dependent thalassemics with that of healthy controls. Thirty-two thalassemia patients, aged 2–18 years, and 32 age and sex matched controls were studied. The bone mineral concentration (BMC) and BMD were assessed at lumbar spine, distal radius, and neck of femur. Biochemical parameters like serum calcium and vitamin D levels were also assessed. Results. The BMC of neck of femur was significantly low in cases in comparison to controls. We also observed significantly lower BMD at the lumbar spine in cases in comparison to controls. A significantly positive correlation was observed between serum calcium levels and BMD at neck of femur. Conclusion. Hence, low serum calcium may be used as a predictor of low BMD especially in populations where incidence of hypovitaminosis D is very high