A systematic review on the delivery optimization in food delivery industry

The systematic study seeks to offer an in-depth review of the many approaches and techniques used to enhance food delivery services. It is crucial to assess the current literature to find best practices and opportunities for development given the food delivery industry's recent rapid expansion. A thorough analysis of 20 publications from 2010 to 2023 has been done. The technique used to carry out the controls was then examined, the gaps in the literature were highlighted, and potential research directions were identified. In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to give a review of the literature on the use of route optimization models and to help academics and practitioners understand the performance measures, models, and problem-solving approaches used in various research papers

Homozygous carriers of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T-allele show altered postprandial response in triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

The TCF7L2 rs7903146 T-allele shows the strongest association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) among common gene variants. The aim of this study was to assess circulating levels of metabolites following a meal test in individuals carrying the high risk rs790346 TT genotype (cases) and low-risk CC genotype (controls). Sixty-two men were recruited based on TCF7L2 genotype, 31 were TT carriers and 31 were age- and BMI-matched CC carriers. All participants consumed a test meal after 12 hours of fasting. Metabolites were measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Metabolomic profiling of TCF7L2 carriers were performed for 141 lipid estimates. TT carriers had lower fasting levels of L-VLDL-L (total lipids in large very low density lipoproteins, p = 0.045), L-VLDL-CE (cholesterol esters in large VLDL, p = 0.03), and L-VLDL-C (total cholesterol in large VLDL, p = 0.045) compared to CC carriers. Additionally, TT carriers had lower postprandial levels of total triglycerides (TG) (q = 0.03), VLDL-TG (q = 0.05, including medium, small and extra small, q = 0.048, q = 0.0009, q = 0.04, respectively), HDL-TG (triglycerides in high density lipoproteins q = 0.037) and S-HDL-TG (q = 0.00003). In conclusion, TT carriers show altered postprandial triglyceride response, mainly influencing VLDL and HDL subclasses suggesting a genotype-mediated effect on hepatic lipid regulation

The performance of beta type stirling engine using different fuel

Stirling engine categorized as external combustion engine which defined as a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine to perform the conversion of energy into the mechanical power. The thermal efficiency of the Stirling cycle always is the main criterion, and the literature showed its efficiency of energy conversion is consider relatively as high as the Carnot cycle. Although the Stirling engine consists of great versatility for energy sources, however still inadequate efforts were done for the development of the Stirling engine that is powered by combustion fuel, since generally the engine is fueled by renewable energy which is inapplicable by the public. Therefore, the objectives to fill up the research gaps are to simulate the operation condition of Beta type Stirling engine by manipulated the use of different fuels with the assistant of MATLAB then compared with the outcome of a reference model to validate the outcome and to acquire the optimum performance of the engine, and any index that brings a reputation for the development of the Stirling engine. Compression ratio, and the temperature of the heater that affected by the specifications of Stirling engine design and effective volume of the heater, respectively act as the major element that manipulated the final power output. A higher compression ratio of 18 and power output of 315.88 Watts can be obtained with smaller clearance between the engine primary components, besides the heater temperature that achieves 855.75 K and thermal efficiency of 64.93% is affected by the usage of appropriate combustion fuel as gasoline and bigger effective volume of the heater

Identifying factors associated with sedentary time after stroke. Secondary analysis of pooled data from nine primary studies.

<p><b>Background</b>: High levels of sedentary time increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including recurrent stroke.</p> <p><b>Objective</b>: This study aimed to identify factors associated with high sedentary time in community-dwelling people with stroke.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: For this data pooling study, authors of published and ongoing trials that collected sedentary time data, using the activPAL monitor, in community-dwelling people with stroke were invited to contribute their raw data. The data was reprocessed, algorithms were created to identify sleep-wake time and determine the percentage of waking hours spent sedentary. We explored demographic and stroke-related factors associated with total sedentary time and time in uninterrupted sedentary bouts using unique, both univariable and multivariable, regression analyses.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: The 274 included participants were from Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, and spent, on average, 69% (SD 12.4) of their waking hours sedentary. Of the demographic and stroke-related factors, slower walking speeds were significantly and independently associated with a higher percentage of waking hours spent sedentary (p = 0.001) and uninterrupted sedentary bouts of <i>>30</i> and <i>>60 min</i> (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Regression models explained 11–19% of the variance in total sedentary time and time in prolonged sedentary bouts.</p> <p><b>Conclusion</b>: We found that variability in sedentary time of people with stroke was largely unaccounted for by demographic and stroke-related variables. Behavioral and environmental factors are likely to play an important role in sedentary behavior after stroke. Further work is required to develop and test effective interventions to address sedentary behavior after stroke.</p

Performance improvement in mobile air conditioning system using Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant

This paper presents the investigation of Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant performance for a compact vehicle mobile air conditioning (MAC) system. The Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant in this study is prepared by using two-step preparation method and stabilized using 4-Step UV–Vis Spectral Absorbency Analysis. An enhancement in the coefficient of performance (COP), reduction in compressor work, and enhancement in the cooling capacity of MAC employing Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant are recorded up to 31%, 26% and 32%, respectively, for 0.010% volume concentration. The current MAC performance is compared with MAC employing SiO2/PAG nanolubricant from previous study. The comparison shows that the Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant has better performance in term of cooling capacity, compressor work, and COP at an average of 6%, 8%, and 33%, respectively. Therefore, the finding from this study suggests Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant with a volume concentration of 0.010% as an optimum and best performance nanolubricant for MAC systems

The role of lipids in mechanosensation

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Wellcome Trust grants WT092552MA (J.H.N. and I.R.B.), Senior Investigator Award WT100209MA (J.H.N.), 093228 (T.K.S.) and 092970 (M.S.P.S.), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grants BB/I019855/1 (M.S.P.S.), BB/H017917/1 (J.H.N. and I.R.B.) and BB/J009784/1 (H.B.). We acknowledge the Diamond Light Source for beam time. I.R.B. is supported as a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow. J.H.N. is supported as a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award holder and as a 1000 Talent Scholar at Sichuan University. A.C.E.D. was supported by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Systems Biology Doctoral Training Centre student fellowship. We thank R. Phillips, A. Lee and S. Conway for helpful discussions.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprin

The impact of time to death in donors after circulatory death on recipient outcome in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation

Time to arrest in donors after circulatory death is unpredictable and can vary. This leads to variable periods of warm ischaemic damage prior to pancreas transplantation. There is little evidence supporting procurement team stand-down times based on donor time to death (TTD). We examined what impact TTD had on pancreas graft outcomes following DCD SPK transplantation. Data were extracted from the UK transplant registry from 2014 to 2022. Predictors of graft loss were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazards model. Adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were generated to further delineate the relationship between TTD and outcome. Three-hundred-and-seventy-five DCD simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant recipients were included. Increasing TTD was not associated with graft survival (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.68-1.41, P=0.901). Increasing asystolic time worsened graft survival (aHR 2.51, 95% CI 1.16-5.43, P=0.020). RCS modelling revealed a non-linear relationship was demonstrated between asystolic time and graft survival, and no relationship between TTD and graft survival. We found no evidence that TTD impacts on pancreas graft survival after DCD SPK transplantation, however increasing asystolic time was a significant predictor of graft loss. Procurement teams should attempt to minimise asystolic time to optimize pancreas graft survival rather than focus on the duration of TTD

The microaerophilic microbiota of de-novo paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: the BISCUIT study

&lt;p&gt;Introduction: Children presenting for the first time with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) offer a unique opportunity to study aetiological agents before the confounders of treatment. Microaerophilic bacteria can exploit the ecological niche of the intestinal epithelium; Helicobacter and Campylobacter are previously implicated in IBD pathogenesis. We set out to study these and other microaerophilic bacteria in de-novo paediatric IBD.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Patients and Methods: 100 children undergoing colonoscopy were recruited including 44 treatment naïve de-novo IBD patients and 42 with normal colons. Colonic biopsies were subjected to microaerophilic culture with Gram-negative isolates then identified by sequencing. Biopsies were also PCR screened for the specific microaerophilic bacterial groups: Helicobacteraceae, Campylobacteraceae and Sutterella wadsworthensis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Results: 129 Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterial isolates were identified from 10 genera. The most frequently cultured was S. wadsworthensis (32 distinct isolates). Unusual Campylobacter were isolated from 8 subjects (including 3 C. concisus, 1 C. curvus, 1 C. lari, 1 C. rectus, 3 C. showae). No Helicobacter were cultured. When comparing IBD vs. normal colon control by PCR the prevalence figures were not significantly different (Helicobacter 11% vs. 12%, p = 1.00; Campylobacter 75% vs. 76%, p = 1.00; S. wadsworthensis 82% vs. 71%, p = 0.312).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusions: This study offers a comprehensive overview of the microaerophilic microbiota of the paediatric colon including at IBD onset. Campylobacter appear to be surprisingly common, are not more strongly associated with IBD and can be isolated from around 8% of paediatric colonic biopsies. S. wadsworthensis appears to be a common commensal. Helicobacter species are relatively rare in the paediatric colon.&lt;/p&gt

How β-Lactam Antibiotics Enter Bacteria: A Dialogue with the Porins

BACKGROUND:Multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections have become a major concern in hospitals worldwide. This study investigates membrane translocation, which is the first step required for drug action on internal bacterial targets. beta-lactams, a major antibiotic class, use porins to pass through the outer membrane barrier of Gram-negative bacteria. Clinical reports have linked the MDR phenotype to altered membrane permeability including porin modification and efflux pump expression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here influx of beta-lactams through the major Enterobacter aerogenes porin Omp36 is characterized. Conductance measurements through a single Omp36 trimer reconstituted into a planar lipid bilayer allowed us to count the passage of single beta-lactam molecules. Statistical analysis of each transport event yielded the kinetic parameters of antibiotic travel through Omp36 and distinguishable translocation properties of beta-lactams were quantified for ertapenem and cefepime. Expression of Omp36 in an otherwise porin-null bacterial strain is shown to confer increases in the killing rate of these antibiotics and in the corresponding bacterial susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We propose the idea of a molecular "passport" that allows rapid transport of substrates through porins. Deciphering antibiotic translocation provides new insights for the design of novel drugs that may be highly effective at passing through the porin constriction zone. Such data may hold the key for the next generation of antibiotics capable of rapid intracellular accumulation to circumvent the further development MDR infections