PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF PLANT ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT Costus pictus

Drugs originating from plant sources are reflection to be a promising alternative for other synthetic anti-diabetics such as sulphonylureas, insulin treatment and biguanides. Plant products are believed to more preferable due to less toxicity, economic and better patient compliance. Hence, medicinal plants and products thereof are used in many countries in the treatment and management of diabetes. Vitamins are organic substances that are essential in minute amounts designed for the growth and activity of the body. They are obtained naturally on or after plant and animal foods. Organic in this definition refers in the direction of the chemistry with molecules. The word organic means that the molecules of substance contain the element carbon. The term also means that vitamins can be destroyed and become unable to perform their functions in our bodies. Every component plays an important role and deficiency of anyone constituent may lead to abnormal developments in the body. Plants are a rich source of all the elements essential for a human being. Qualitative analysis of various inorganic elements revealed the presence of calcium, magnesium, potassium, Iron, sulphates and phosphates. The present study of a good source of pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters have pivotal roles in identification, authentication and establishment of quality parameters and vitamins of the species. Supplementation of this Costus pictus may be useful for human health associated emerging diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cancer. &nbsp

Immune System Might Promote Recovery for Mild COVID-19 Patients Impact of Coronavirus on Education in India Review

Coronavirus is a viral irresistible sickness brought about by SARS- COV2. Its clinical signs and side effects are on an expansive range going from asymptomatic to serious confusions like multi-organ disappointment, thromboembolism, and extreme pneumonia with respiratory disappointment. More awful results and higher death rates have been accounted for in the old, individuals with co-morbidities, and malnourished people. Sustenance is central to acceptable wellbeing and safe capacity. It frames an essential segment of therapy modalities for different intense and persistent infections, particularly where a causative therapy isn't yet perceived. Despite the fact that reviews tending to the part of explicit supplements in COVID-19 are still at a beginning phase, accessible proof recommends that addressing the necessities of a variety of large scale and miniature supplements (energy, proteins, fats, nutrients A, D, E, C, B nutrients, iron, selenium, zinc, and so forth) Additionally, supplements are Immune System Might Promote Recovery for Mild COVID-19 Patients Impact of Coronavirus on Education in India Review 466 determinants of the sythesis of the gut microbiota that thusly impacts the attributes of safe reactions in the body

Polycation-π Interactions Are a Driving Force for Molecular Recognition by an Intrinsically Disordered Oncoprotein Family

Molecular recognition by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) commonly involves specific localized contacts and target-induced disorder to order transitions. However, some IDPs remain disordered in the bound state, a phenomenon coined "fuzziness", often characterized by IDP polyvalency, sequence-insensitivity and a dynamic ensemble of disordered bound-state conformations. Besides the above general features, specific biophysical models for fuzzy interactions are mostly lacking. The transcriptional activation domain of the Ewing's Sarcoma oncoprotein family (EAD) is an IDP that exhibits many features of fuzziness, with multiple EAD aromatic side chains driving molecular recognition. Considering the prevalent role of cation-π interactions at various protein-protein interfaces, we hypothesized that EAD-target binding involves polycation- π contacts between a disordered EAD and basic residues on the target. Herein we evaluated the polycation-π hypothesis via functional and theoretical interrogation of EAD variants. The experimental effects of a range of EAD sequence variations, including aromatic number, aromatic density and charge perturbations, all support the cation-π model. Moreover, the activity trends observed are well captured by a coarse-grained EAD chain model and a corresponding analytical model based on interaction between EAD aromatics and surface cations of a generic globular target. EAD-target binding, in the context of pathological Ewing's Sarcoma oncoproteins, is thus seen to be driven by a balance between EAD conformational entropy and favorable EAD-target cation-π contacts. Such a highly versatile mode of molecular recognition offers a general conceptual framework for promiscuous target recognition by polyvalent IDPs. © 2013 Song et al

Hydrophobically Modified Sulfobetaine Copolymers with Tunable Aqueous UCST through Postpolymerization Modification of Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate)

Polysulfobetaines, polymers carrying highly polar zwitterionic side chains, present a promising research field by virtue of their antifouling properties, hemocompatibility, and stimulus-responsive behavior. However, limited synthetic approaches exist to produce sulfobetaine copolymers comprising hydrophobic components. Postpolymerization modification of an activated ester precursor, poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate), employing a zwitterionic amine, 3-((3-aminopropyl)dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate, ADPS, is presented as a novel, one-step synthetic concept toward sulfobetaine (co)polymers. Modifications were performed in homogeneous solution using propylene carbonate as solvent with mixtures of ADPS and pentylamine, benzylamine, and dodecylamine producing a series of well-defined statistical acrylamido sulfobetaine copolymers containing hydrophobic pentyl, benzyl, or dodecylacrylamide comonomers with well-controllable molar composition as evidenced by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography.This synthetic strategy was exploited to investigate, for the first time, the influence of hydrophobic modification on the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of sulfobetaine copolymers in aqueous solution. Surprisingly, incorporation of pentyl groups was found to increase solubility over a wide composition range, whereas benzyl groups decreased solubility—an effect attributed to different entropic and enthalpic contributions of both functional groups. While UCST transitions of polysulfobetaines are typically limited to higher molar mass samples, incorporation of 0–65 mol % of benzyl groups into copolymers with molar masses of 25.5–34.5 kg/mol enabled sharp, reversible transitions from 6 to 82 °C in solutions containing up to 76 mM NaCl, as observed by optical transmittance and dynamic light scattering. Both synthesis and systematic UCST increase of sulfobetaine copolymers presented here are expected to expand the scope and applicability of these smart materials

Bioremediation potential of Cd by transgenic yeast expressing a metallothionein gene from Populus trichocarpa

Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic environmental pollutant with high mobility in soils, which can contaminate groundwater, increasing its risk of entering the food chain. Yeast biosorption can be a low-cost and effective method for removing Cd from contaminated aqueous solutions. We transformed wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae (WT) with two versions of a Populus trichocarpa gene (PtMT2b) coding for a metallothionein: one with the original sequence (PtMT2b ‘C’) and the other with a mutated sequence, with an amino acid substitution (C3Y, named here: PtMT2b ‘Y’). WT and both transformed yeasts were grown under Cd stress, in agar (0; 10; 20; 50 µM Cd) and liquid medium (0; 10; 20 µM Cd). Yeast growth was assessed visually and by spectrometry OD600. Cd removal from contaminated media and intracellular accumulation were also quantified. PtMT2b ‘Y’ was also inserted into mutant strains: fet3fet4, zrt1zrt2 and smf1, and grown under Fe-, Zn- and Mn-deficient media, respectively. Yeast strains had similar growth under 0 µM, but differed under 20 µM Cd, the order of tolerance was: WT < PtMT2b ‘C’ < PtMT2b ‘Y’, the latter presenting 37% higher growth than the strain with PtMT2b ‘C’. It also extracted ~80% of the Cd in solution, and had higher intracellular Cd than WT. Mutant yeasts carrying PtMT2b ‘Y’ had slightly higher growth in Mn- and Fe-deficient media than their non-transgenic counterparts, suggesting the transgenic protein may chelate these metals. S. cerevisiae carrying the altered poplar gene offers potential for bioremediation of Cd from wastewaters or other contaminated liquids

Stereochemical plasticity modulates cooperative binding in a CoII12L6 cuboctahedron

Biomolecular receptors are able to process information by responding differentially to combinations of chemical signals. Synthetic receptors that are likewise capable of multi-stimuli response can form the basis of programmable molecular systems, wherein specific input sequences create distinct outputs. Here we report a pseudo-cuboctahedral assembly capable of cooperatively binding anionic and neutral guest species. The binding of pairs of fullerene guests was observed to effect the all-or-nothing cooperative templation of an S6-symmetric host stereoisomer. This bis-fullerene adduct exhibits different cooperativity in binding pairs of anions from the fullerene-free parent: in one case, positive cooperativity is observed, while in another all binding affinities are enhanced by an order of magnitude, and in a third the binding events are only minimally perturbed. This intricate modulation of binding affinity, and thus cooperativity, renders our new cuboctahedral receptor attractive for incorporation into systems with complex, programmable responses to different sets of stimuli.This work was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). F.J.R. acknowledges Cambridge Australia Scholarships and the Cambridge Trust for PhD funding

Estimating the binding ability of onium ions with CO<SUB>2</SUB> and π systems: a computational investigation

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed on 165 complexes of onium ions (NH4+, PH4+, OH3+, SH3+) and methylated onium ions with CO2, aromatic (C6H6) and heteroaromatic (C5H5X, X = N, P; C4H5Y, Y = N, P; C4H4Z, Z = O, S) systems. The stability of CO2⋯onium, CO2⋯π and onium⋯π complexes was shown to be mediated through various noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, NH–π, PH–π, OH–π, SH–π, CH–π and π–π. We have discussed 17 complexes wherein the proton transfer occurs between the onium ion and the heteroaromatic system. The binding energy is found to decrease with increasing methyl substitution of the complexes containing onium ions. Binding energy components of all the noncovalent complexes were explored using localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis (LMO-EDA). The CO2⋯π complexes were primarily stabilized by the dispersion term followed by contributions from electrostatic and polarization components. In general, for onium ion complexes with CO2 or π systems, the electrostatic and polarization terms primarily contribute to stabilize the complex. As the number of methyl groups increases on the onium ion, the dispersion term is seen to have a key role in the stabilization of the complex. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis and charges based on natural population analysis (NPA) in various complexes have also been reported in order to determine the nature of noncovalent interactions in different complexes