Controlling personalny systemem wczesnego wykrywania problemów w przedsiębiorstwie

Kontrola w organizacji stanowi pewien mechanizm regulujący, który łączy wyniki działań realizacyjnych funkcji personalnej, czyli działań związanych z doborem kadry, rozwojem, motywowaniem kadr, odejściem pracowników, z szeroko pojętą preparacją tych działań, tj. z planowaniem kadr. Stanowi zatem istotny czynnik spajający cały system zarządzania kadrami. W przedsiębiorstwach znaleźć możemy wiele form nadzoru i kontroli funkcji personalnej. Najczęściej stosowaną i omawianą jest controlling personalny, stanowiący integralną część controllingu przedsiębiorstwa. Celem controlingu jest korygowanie i nadzorowanie różnych dziedzin działalności firmy. Głównym zadaniem controllingu jest wyszukiwanie, a następnie eliminowanie bądź redukcja najsłabszych ogniw organizacji, tzw. «wąskich gardeł». Controlling personalny będąc systemem wczesnego ostrzegania, ma za zadanie dostrzeganie zjawisk zarówno we wnętrzu organizacji, jak i w jej otoczeniu, które mogą stanowić zagrożenie dla sprawnego funkcjonowania firmy, lub takich, które niosą za sobą szanse do wykorzystania. Poprzez integrację procesów planowania, sterowania i kontroli może pomóc przezwyciężyć problemy w zakresie zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi wynikające między innymi z rosnących kosztów osobowych, szybkich zmian technologicznych, społecznych i gospodarczych, czy ilościowych i jakościowych uwarunkowań doboru i wykorzystania kadr

ESTRATÉGIA FRACASSADA? O LEGADO DA PRESIDÊNCIA DE BARACK OBAMA NO ORIENTE MÉDIO E NORTE DA ÁFRICA

The purpose of this paper is to verify whether “a failed strategy”, a phrase commonly used in the literature, is an adequate description of Barack Obama’s legacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Based on the selected political manifestos and actions in the sphere of diplomacy, it has been proven that the Middle East and North Africa was not a priority to the decision-makers in Washington in the years 2009–2012, unlike in the years 2005–2008. However, although President Obama did not manage to implement most of his original plans, he achieved a few significant successes, the most notable of which is the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq and the conclusion of the nuclear deal with Iran. Authors seek to contextualize and explain Obama’s failures and successes, arguing that using the phrase “a failed strategy” does not reflect the complexity of the problems analyzed.O objetivo deste artigo é verificar se "uma estratégia fracassada", uma frase comumente usada na literatura, é uma descrição adequada do legado de Barack Obama no Oriente Médio e norte da África. Com base nos manifestos e ações políticas selecionados no âmbito da diplomacia, foi comprovado que o Oriente Médio e o Norte da África não eram uma prioridade para os tomadores de decisão em Washington nos anos de 2009-2012, ao contrário dos anos de 2005 a 2008. No entanto, embora o presidente Obama não tenha conseguido implementar a maioria de seus planos originais, ele alcançou alguns sucessos significativos, o mais notável dos quais é a retirada das tropas americanas do Iraque e a conclusão do acordo nuclear com o Irã. Os autores buscam contextualizar e explicar os fracassos e sucessos de Obama, argumentando que o uso da frase "uma estratégia fracassada" não reflete a complexidade dos problemas analisado

Dualary planetne. Hramotka ze zbiorów Muzeum Historycznego w Białymstoku. Analiza tekstologiczno-filologiczna

Przedmiotem rozważań prezentowanego artykułu jest nowy, niepoddany do chwili obecnej opisom materiał badawczy w postaci hramotki ze zbiorów Muzeum Historycznego w Białymstoku, której zawartość treściowa pozwala na włączenie jej do kategorii tzw. dualarów planetnych. Celem autorki było podjęcie próby analizy tekstologiczno-filologicznej wymienionego zabytku, z uwzględnieniem transkrypcji, identyfikacji treści i przekładu na język polski, a co za tym idzie charakterystyka zawartości na płaszczyźnie tekstologicznej i opatrzenie komentarzem dotyczącym warstwy językowej, przede wszystkim w zakresie grafii i ortografii.

Intensification of anxiety and depression, and personal resources among women during the peri-operative period

Aim. Surgical treatment of women due to gynaecological disorders is the cause of stress and may lead to psychological changes. Studies concerning human response to stress emphasize the importance of the effect of the level of the sense of coherence, anxiety, depression, dispositional optimism and skills of expressing emotions on the quality of feelings and experiences in difficult situations. Materials and methods. The study covered 232 women who had undergone gynaecological surgery due to various causes. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the Bioethical Commission at the Medical University in Lublin. The study was carried out with the use of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory, Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), and Life Orientation Test – Revised (LOT-R). Results and conclusions. The study showed that investigations of the sense of coherence, level of anxiety and depression, and personal resources allow determination of the characteristics of patients who should be covered with special psychoprophylactic care during the peri-operative period. In addition, the results of own studies obtained may be used for the development of adequate principles of psycho-prophylactic management in the course of the diagnostic-treatment proces with respect to women who had undergone surgical treatment due to gynaecological disorders

Europa w arabskiej myśli społeczno-politycznej XIX wieku

Myśl reformatorska Chajr ad-Dina at-Tunusiego i Rifa’y at-Tahtawiego wpisała się w ciekawy dyskurs, który toczy się w świecie arabsko-muzułmańskim od zarania XIX wieku, dyskurs wokół niezwykle ważnych zagadnień ustrojowych, reform polityczno-społecznych, porównania systemu przedstawicielskiego, demokracji, z jego przeciwieństwem, despotyzmem, a także wokół poszukiwania dróg wyjścia ze stagnacji i zacofania, którego niezbędnym elementem była podkreślana przez wszystkich myślicieli reforma systemu edukacyjnego. Ich celem było udzielenie odpowiedzi na nurtujące przedstawicieli tego świata podstawowe pytanie o przyczynę jego upadku i zacofania oraz podstawy europejskiej supremacji, z uwzględnieniem roli despotycznych rządów, anachronicznych struktur społecznych, braku nowoczesnego systemu szkolnictwa i innych zagadnień, ale przede wszystkim – skrystalizowanie idei i wyobrażeń dotyczących relacji pomiędzy tradycją a nowoczesnością, współczesnym systemem państwowym, społecznym i politycznym. Stąd rozważania wokół ułożenia stosunków z Zachodem i charakteru tych relacji, przyjęcia całkowicie lub częściowo europejskich wzorców rządzenia.Reformatory ideas of Khayr ad-Din at-Tunusi and Rifa at-Tahtawi inscribed into an interesting discussion which has been going on in the Arabic and Muslim world since the beginning of the 19th century; the discussion which centred around very important matters concerning the political system, social and political reforms, comparison of the representative system and democracy with their antithesis: despotism, and also around the search for the ways out of stagnation and backwardness, which essentially included the reform of the educational system – which idea was emphasised by all thinkers. Their objective was to find the answer to the basic question pervading the representatives of the Muslim world: the question about the reason of its fall and backwardness, and the basis of European supremacy considering the role of the oppressive governments, anachronistic state structures, lack of modern school system and other issues, but most of all – crystallisation of the ideas and notions concerning the relationship between tradition and modernity, modern state, social and political system. Hence the contemplation of settling the relationship with the West, the character of this relationship and the idea of complete or partial acceptance of the European models of government

Wzory europejskie a muzułmańska tradycja polityczna hayr ad-Dīn at-Tūnusī (1822–1890)

Political thought of Hayr ad-Dīna at-Tūnusī originates from 19th century, marked by the confrontation between developed and growing in power West and stagnating and yielding to European power Muslim and Arabic world. The necessity of this confrontation and deep awareness of the impotence of the Muslim society in the view of western supremacy and dominance became the cornerstones of all the future Arabic political ideas and the driving force to find the way to regain former power and strength, which have always been present in the Muslim philosophy of life. The Tunisian reformer was looking for such a way by attempting to answer the basic question bothering the citizens of Muslim and Arabic world – what are the reasons of its fall and underdevelopment and the basis of European supremacy, with consideration of despotic government, anachronistic social structures, lack of modern educational system and other issues, but most of all – crystallization of the ideas and reflections on the relationship between traditions and modernity, modern model of the state, society and politics. Hence the deliberations on the designand character of the relationship with the west, on full or partial reception of the European model of government, assumption of the attitude towards current political system and necessity of its reforming or reshaping, democracy and authoritarianism, the range of civil rights and subjection of the citizen towards the state. His views on the state and society were not a simple reflection of the ideas from abroad, nor the repetition of traditional, religious philosophy of life, but rather an attempt of working out a compromise between the European models and ar and embedding them in Muslim tradition in order to accommodate with Islam and its political theory. At the basis of this method there is the necessity to prove that firstly – European knowledge and science had belonged to Muslim world before they were intercepted by the West, and secondly – there is no contradiction between faith and modernity. The admiration of the author of The Simplest Way for European views on the government, society, legal, political and social systems was free from the implication of surrendering the Muslim traditions, or indifference towards them. Contrary – the basis of this admiration was the conviction that social and political thought of Islam has always been proclaiming the ideas which became the core of the European thought of enlightenment. Political and social doctrine of Hayr ad-Dīn was based on the ideas of the French Revolution and the rule of using the privileges of political and personal freedom, and that the mechanisms regulating the relationships between the government and society should be based on the respect of law. The reformation of Hayr adDīn is a compromise between two cultures – Islam and western civilizations. The meaning of his reformation program and his political thoughts made him the father of Tunisian revival and Aqwam al-masālik fī ma‘rifat awāl al-mamālik one of the most distinguished Arabic works of 19th century and leading manuscript of the Arabic revival