Adaptación y validación del cuestionario de susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras ante el cribado con mamografía

ResumenObjetivosAdaptar una «escala de creencias» sobre el cáncer de mama al castellano, evaluando su validez y reproducibilidad.MétodosValidación de una escala de 3 dimensiones –susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras– con respuestas tipo Likert, en un estudio de casos y controles, donde los casos eran las mujeres no participantes en un programa de cribado de cáncer de mama y los controles las participantes. Se realizó un proceso de traducción-retrotraducción y un comité técnico analizó las discrepancias. Se pilotó la comprensión en 17 mujeres. Participaron en el estudio 274 mujeres y a 32 de ellas se les repitió el cuestionario en el intervalo de un mes para valorar la reproducibilidad.ResultadosEl coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,89, 0,70 y 0,90, y el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,71, 0,48 y 0,57 para susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras, respectivamente. Respecto a la validez de constructo, del análisis factorial exploratorio se extrajeron 3 factores, lo que explicaba un 34% de la varianza. El análisis factorial confirmatorio señala un ajuste al límite de los datos al modelo teórico. Las mujeres de más edad perciben menos susceptibilidad al cáncer de mama y declaran más barreras para hacerse una mamografía. Las de menor nivel de estudios perciben más barreras. La escala no ha mostrado su capacidad para predecir la participación en el programa.ConclusionesLa escala presenta problemas de validez y homogeneidad. Las dimensiones de beneficios y barreras necesitan un proceso de adaptación y validación profunda para su utilización.AbstractObjectivesTo adapt the «health belief model» on breast cancer screening to Spanish, and to asses its validity and reliability.MethodsWe assessed validation of a scale with 3 dimensions (susceptibility, benefits and barriers) with Likert responses in a case-control study. Cases were women not participating in a breast cancer screening program and controls consisted of participating women. A process of translation and back-translation was carried out and a technical committee analyzed discrepancies. Comprehension was tested in 17 women. Two hundred seventy-four women participated in the study. In 32 of these women, the questionnaire was administered twice after a 1-month interval to estimate its reliability.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.89, 0.70 and 0.90, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.71, 0.48 and 0.57 for susceptibility, benefits and barriers, respectively. Construct validity: from the factorial analysis, 3 factors were obtained explaining 34% of the variance. The confirmatory factorial analysis indicated acceptable goodness-of-fit of the data to the theoretical model. Older women perceived less susceptibility to breast cancer as well as greater barriers to attending screening. Women with a lower educational level perceived greater barriers. The scale did not seem to predict adherence to the program.ConclusionsThe adapted scale presents problems of validity and internal consistency. The dimensions of benefits and barriers require thorough adaptation and validation before the scale is used in Spanish women

Factores predictores de días de hospitalización en pacientes con ictus

Introducción: La elevada morbilidad del ictus supone un gran coste tanto para los pacientes como para el sistema sanitario. Este estudio pretende determinar qué factores del paciente, de la enfermedad o del propio sistema sanitario se relacionan con un aumento en los días de hospitalización. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional longitudinal y prospectivo. Se analizaron todos los casos incidentes de primer ictus atendidos en un hospital comarcal durante un año (n=101). Las variables estudiadas se recogieron durante las 48 horas de ingreso de los pacientes en la unidad de Urgencias. Los factores estudiados fueron analizados mediante la comparación de las curvas de supervivencia (log-rank test) y análisis multivariante mediante regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron 101 pacientes, permanecieron ingresados una mediana de 7 días (Media 10 días; rango 1-73), el 15,9% fueron hemorrágicos y el 84% isquémicos (29,5% infartos lacunares y el 54,5% infartos isquémicos cerebrales). Las variables que demostraron estar relacionados con los días de hospitalización fueron: edad, hipertensión, insuficiencia cardiaca, paresia o anestesia/hipoestesia facial y de las extremidades, alteración de la mirada conjugada y afectación visio-espacial. Las variables independientemente relacionadas con los días de hospitalización en el análisis multivariante fueron: infarto isquémico cerebral (HR=3,5; IC95%, 1,7-7,5), Ictus hemorrágico (HR=4,9; IC95%, 1,8-12,9), paresia de la extremidad superior (HR=4,5; IC95%, 2,3-8,8) y edad (HR=0,98; IC95%, 0,96-0,99) Conclusiones: La mayor permanencia en un hospital de agudos se relaciona principalmente con una menor edad, parálisis de la extremidad superior e ictus hemorrágico.Introduction: The high morbibity of stroke has a great economic impact in patients and healthcare. Since the main cost to healthcare is length of stay, the aim of this study was to analyse characteristics of patients, stroke and healthcare related to length of stay. Results: 101 patients were included, median length of stay was 7 days (Mean, 10 days, range 1-73), 15,9% were haemorragic strokes and 84% were ischemic strokes, (of those 25,7% were lacunar infarcts). 13% were patients with no tomographic sings of stroke. Variables associated to length of stay were: age, hypertension, heart failure, extremities and facial paresis or anesthesia/hipoesthesia, conjugate eye deviation and visual field loss. Variables independently associated to length of stay in the multivariate Cox regression model were: nonlacunar- ischemic stroke (HR=3,5; CI95%, 1,7-7,5), haemorragic stroke (HR=4,9; CI95%, 1,8-12,9) arm paresis (HR=4,5; CI95%, 2,3-8,8) and age (HR=0,98; CI95%, 0,96-0,99). Conclusions: Age, arm paresis and stroke subtype are strongly related to length of stay

Influences of rurality on action to diagnose cancer by primary care practitioners– results from a Europe-wide survey in 20 countries

The study on how practicing in a rural setting may impact upon primary care practitioners, access to tests, investigative decisions and attitudes to cancer diagnosis has received no external funding.Peer reviewedPostprin

Factors influencing delay in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: a study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent tumor in developed countries. Since survival from CRC depends mostly on disease stage at the time of diagnosis, individuals with symptoms or signs suspicious of CRC should be examined without delay. Many factors, however, intervene between symptom onset and diagnosis. This study was designed to: 1) Describe the diagnostic process of CRC from the onset of first symptoms to diagnosis and treatment. 2) Establish the time interval from initial symptoms to diagnosis and treatment, globally and considering patient's and doctors' delay, with the latter due to family physician and/or hospital services. 3) Identify the factors related to defined types of delay. 4) Assess the concordance between information included in primary health care and hospital clinical records regarding onset of first symptoms.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>Descriptive study, coordinated, with 5 participant groups of 5 different Spanish regions (Balearic Islands, Galicia, Catalunya, Aragón and Valencia Health Districts), with a total of 8 acute public hospitals and 140 primary care centers.</p> <p>Incident cases of CRC during the study period, as identified from pathology services at the involved hospitals. A sample size of 896 subjects has been estimated, 150 subjects for each participant group.</p> <p>Information will be collected through patient interviews and primary health care and hospital clinical records. Patient variables will include sociodemographic variables, family history of cancer, symptom perception, and confidence in the family physician; tumor variables will include tumor site, histological type, grade and stage; symptom variables will include date of onset, type and number of symptoms; health system variables will include number of patient contacts with family physician, type and content of the referral, hospital services attending the patient, diagnostic modalities and results; and delay intervals, including global delays and delays attributed to the patient, family physician and hospital.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>To obtain a nonrestricted sample of patients with CRC we have minimized selection risk by identifying the patients from pathology services. A greater constraint may be associated with information sources based on clinical records. Due to inherent features of coordinated studies, it is important to standardize the collection of information.</p

Revisão sistemática do perfil de usuárias de contracepção de emergência

Objective: to discern the profile of the Spanish Emergency Contraceptive users (EC). Design: systematic review of contraceptive use in the Spanish population. Data Source: Spanish and international databases, between January 2006 - March 2011. Keywords: Contraceptives, Postcoital pills, emergency contraception, levonorgestrel, data collection. Study selection: original papers, letters to the editor in which stated aims were the description, prediction or measurement of variables related to EC use. Twenty-two papers were retrieved and fourteen were finally selected, all of which were descriptive. Data extraction: manuscripts were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Results: Women requesting EC have ages between 21-24 years, mostly single and university students; declare that they have not previously used EC, and attend an Emergency department, at weekends and within 48 hours following unprotected sexual intercourse. The reason is condom rupture. None of the studies reviewed measured alcohol and other drug consumption, the number of sexual partners, nor any of the studies performed a comparison with a group not using EC. Conclusions: lack of homogeneity and comprehensiveness of studied variables resulted in a limited profile of Spanish EC users. Further studies are needed with a more comprehensive approach if sexual health interventions are to be carried out in possible users.Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil de las usuarias españolas de Anticonceptivos de Emergencia (AE). Diseño: Revisión sistemática del uso de anticonceptivos en la población española. Fuentes de datos: Bases de datos españolas e internacionales entre enero de 2006 y marzo de 2011. Palabras clave: anticonceptivos, píldoras postcoitales, anticoncepción de emergencia, levonorgestrel, recolección de datos. Selección del estudio: artículos originales, cartas al editor en las que se establecía como objetivo la descripción, la predicción o la medida de variables relacionadas con el uso de AE. Veintidós artículos fueron recuperados de los cuales catorce fueron finalmente seleccionados, todos ellos descriptivos. Extracción de los datos : Los manuscritos fueron evaluados por dos revisores independientes. Resultados: Las mujeres que requieren AE tienen edades entre 21 a 24 años, principalmente solteras y estudiantes universitarias,; declaran que no han usado AE previamente y concurren a un departamento de Emergencia en los fines de semana durante las 48 horas después de tener relaciones sexuales sin protección. La razón esgrimida es la ruptura de preservativo. Ninguno de los estudios revisados midió el consumo de alcohol o drogas, o el número de parejas sexuales. Tampoco fueron identificados que comparasen con un grupo que no usa AE. Conclusión: La falta de homogeneidad y de amplitud de las variables estudiadas resultó en un perfil limitado de las usuarias españolas de AE. Se precisan estudios ulteriores con enfoques mas amplios si se desea realizar intervenciones de salud sexual en potenciales usuarias.Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil das usuárias espanholas de contraceptivos de emergência (CE). Desenho: revisão sistemática do uso de contraceptivos na população espanhola. Fontes de dados: Bases de dados espanholas e internacionais entre janeiro de 2006 e março de 2011. Palavras-chave: Contraceptivos, Pílulas pós-coitais, contracepção de emergência, levonorgestrel, coleta de dados. Seleção do estudo: trabalhos originais, cartas ao editor nas quais o objetivo expresso fosse a descrição, predição o medida de variáveis relacionadas ao uso de CE. Vinte e dois artigos foram recuperados e quatorze foram finalmente selecionados, todos eles de tipo descritivo. Extração dos dados: os manuscritos foram avaliados por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: mulheres que demandaram CE tinham idades entre 21 a 24 anos, principalmente solteiras e estudantes universitárias; declaram não ter utilizado CE previamente, e se apresentam num Serviço de Emergência no final de semana, dentro das 48 horas seguintes a uma relação sexual não protegida. A razão explicitada é ruptura de preservativo. Nenhum dos estudos incluídos na revisão mediu uso de álcool ou outras drogas, ou numero de parceiros sexuais. Também não foram identificados estudos fazendo comparações com grupos que não utilizam CE. Conclusões: falta de homogeneidade e abrangência das variáveis estudadas resulta num perfil limitado das usuárias espanholas de CE. Mais estudos, com enfoques mais abrangentes, são necessários para levar a cabo intervenções de saúde em possíveis usuárias

Health status, lifestyle habits, and perceived social support in long-term cancer survivors : a cross-sectional study

Altres ajuts: This study was funded by a research grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III Institute of Health at the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This funding was applicable only to data collection and fees for conference attendance and publication. The project also received partial funds from the RedIAPP Preventive Activities and Health Promotion Network (RD12/0005; RD16/0007) for data collection by the coordinating researcher, from the Spanish Cancer League, Balearic Association (2012) for the translation of the manuscript, and from the Catalan Department of Health (SLT002/16/00/00112) for a data manager contract.To compare the presence of comorbidities and self-perceived health and social support between long-term cancer survivors and people without a history of cancer from a clinical trial examining the effects of a multiple risk behavior intervention. Of the 4259 people studied, 190 (4.46%) were cancer survivors. They had a mean ± SD age of 62.8 ± 7 years vs. 58.7 ± 8 years (P < 0.01) for non-cancer people and were more likely to be on long-term sick leave (11.9 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001). No differences were observed for smoking, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity, obesity, or social support. Cancer survivors were more likely to have worse self-perceived health (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.02-2.75), more comorbidities (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.18-2.39), COPD (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.25-3.78), and depression (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.06-2.57). Older age and worse self-perceived health were independent predictors of survivorship in the adjusted analysis

Revisão sistemática do perfil de usuárias de contracepção de emergência

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil das usuárias espanholas de contraceptivos de emergência (CE). Desenho: revisão sistemática do uso de contraceptivos na população espanhola. Fontes de dados: Bases de dados espanholas e internacionais entre janeiro de 2006 e março de 2011. Palavras-chave: Contraceptivos, Pílulas pós-coitais, contracepção de emergência, levonorgestrel, coleta de dados. Seleção do estudo: trabalhos originais, cartas ao editor nas quais o objetivo expresso fosse a descrição, predição o medida de variáveis relacionadas ao uso de CE. Vinte e dois artigos foram recuperados e quatorze foram finalmente selecionados, todos eles de tipo descritivo. Extração dos dados: os manuscritos foram avaliados por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: mulheres que demandaram CE tinham idades entre 21 a 24 anos, principalmente solteiras e estudantes universitárias; declaram não ter utilizado CE previamente, e se apresentam num Serviço de Emergência no final de semana, dentro das 48 horas seguintes a uma relação sexual não protegida. A razão explicitada é ruptura de preservativo. Nenhum dos estudos incluídos na revisão mediu uso de álcool ou outras drogas, ou numero de parceiros sexuais. Também não foram identificados estudos fazendo comparações com grupos que não utilizam CE. Conclusões: falta de homogeneidade e abrangência das variáveis estudadas resulta num perfil limitado das usuárias espanholas de CE. Mais estudos, com enfoques mais abrangentes, são necessários para levar a cabo intervenções de saúde em possíveis usuárias.Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil de las usuarias españolas de Anticonceptivos de Emergencia (AE). Diseño: Revisión sistemática del uso de anticonceptivos en la población española. Fuentes de datos: Bases de datos españolas e internacionales entre enero de 2006 y marzo de 2011. Palabras clave: anticonceptivos, píldoras postcoitales, anticoncepción de emergencia, levonorgestrel, recolección de datos. Selección del estudio: artículos originales, cartas al editor en las que se establecía como objetivo la descripción, la predicción o la medida de variables relacionadas con el uso de AE. Veintidós artículos fueron recuperados de los cuales catorce fueron finalmente seleccionados, todos ellos descriptivos. Extracción de los datos : Los manuscritos fueron evaluados por dos revisores independientes. Resultados: Las mujeres que requieren AE tienen edades entre 21 a 24 años, principalmente solteras y estudiantes universitarias,; declaran que no han usado AE previamente y concurren a un departamento de Emergencia en los fines de semana durante las 48 horas después de tener relaciones sexuales sin protección. La razón esgrimida es la ruptura de preservativo. Ninguno de los estudios revisados midió el consumo de alcohol o drogas, o el número de parejas sexuales. Tampoco fueron identificados que comparasen con un grupo que no usa AE. Conclusión: La falta de homogeneidad y de amplitud de las variables estudiadas resultó en un perfil limitado de las usuarias españolas de AE. Se precisan estudios ulteriores con enfoques mas amplios si se desea realizar intervenciones de salud sexual en potenciales usuarias.Objective: to discern the profile of the Spanish Emergency Contraceptive users (EC). Design: systematic review of contraceptive use in the Spanish population. Data Source: Spanish and international databases, between January 2006 - March 2011. Keywords: Contraceptives, Postcoital pills, emergency contraception, levonorgestrel, data collection. Study selection: original papers, letters to the editor in which stated aims were the description, prediction or measurement of variables related to EC use. Twenty-two papers were retrieved and fourteen were finally selected, all of which were descriptive. Data extraction: manuscripts were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Results: Women requesting EC have ages between 21-24 years, mostly single and university students; declare that they have not previously used EC, and attend an Emergency department, at weekends and within 48 hours following unprotected sexual intercourse. The reason is condom rupture. None of the studies reviewed measured alcohol and other drug consumption, the number of sexual partners, nor any of the studies performed a comparison with a group not using EC. Conclusions: lack of homogeneity and comprehensiveness of studied variables resulted in a limited profile of Spanish EC users. Further studies are needed with a more comprehensive approach if sexual health interventions are to be carried out in possible users

Adaptación y validación del cuestionario de susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras ante el cribado con mamografía

Objetivos: Adaptar una «escala de creencias» sobre el cáncer de mama al castellano, evaluando su validez y reproducibilidad. Métodos: Validación de una escala de 3 dimensiones -susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras- con respuestas tipo Likert, en un estudio de casos y controles, donde los casos eran las mujeres no participantes en un programa de cribado de cáncer de mama y los controles las participantes. Se realizó un proceso de traducción-retrotraducción y un comité técnico analizó las discrepancias. Se pilotó la comprensión en 17 mujeres. Participaron en el estudio 274 mujeres y a 32 de ellas se les repitió el cuestionario en el intervalo de un mes para valorar la reproducibilidad. Resultados: El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,89, 0,70 y 0,90, y el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,71, 0,48 y 0,57 para susceptibilidad, beneficios y barreras, respectivamente. Respecto a la validez de constructo, del análisis factorial exploratorio se extrajeron 3 factores, lo que explicaba un 34% de la varianza. El análisis factorial confirmatorio señala un ajuste al límite de los datos al modelo teórico. Las mujeres de más edad perciben menos susceptibilidad al cáncer de mama y declaran más barreras para hacerse una mamografía. Las de menor nivel de estudios perciben más barreras. La escala no ha mostrado su capacidad para predecir la participación en el programa. Conclusiones: La escala presenta problemas de validez y homogeneidad. Las dimensiones de beneficios y barreras necesitan un proceso de adaptación y validación profunda para su utilización