Raciocínio moral de CEO’S e gestores em contexto de startups

O propósito do presente estudo, pretende compreender o desenvolvimento moral de empreendedores e gestores num contexto ainda pouco explorado na literatura: as startups. Primeiramente, pretende verificar se os níveis de raciocínio moral de adultos CEO’s e gestores de startups são superiores ao valor de referência para adultos em geral proposto pela literatura. De seguida, procura compreender se o contexto de uma startup e as suas especificidades potenciam o desenvolvimento moral igualitário entre os seus CEO’s e gestores. Para isto, sendo uma investigação de cariz quantitativo, foi administrado um questionário a uma amostra total de 27 CEO’s e gestores de startups em Portugal. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que adultos empreendedores e gestores de startups apresentam níveis mais elevados de raciocínio moral do que o valor médio para adultos em geral, embora essa diferença não seja estatisticamente significativa. Ainda, os resultados sugerem que o contexto de startup, através da sua cultura colaborativa e estrutura pouco hierarquizada, potencia o desenvolvimento moral dos seus CEO’s e gestores de igual forma, pois estes não apresentaram diferenças significativas nos seus níveis de raciocínio moral. Limitações do presente estudo e implicações para futuras investigações acerca do raciocínio moral e do contexto de startups são discutidos.The purpose of this study is to understand the moral development of entrepreneurs and managers in a context still little explored in the literature: the startups. At first, it intends to verify if the levels of moral reasoning of adult CEO’s and managers of startups are superior to the reference value for adults in general, proposed in the literature. It then seeks to understand if the startup context and its specificities enhance the moral development in an equal way between its CEO’s and managers. For this, being a quantitative investigation, a questionnaire was administered to a total sample of 27 CEO´s and managers of startups in Portugal. The results showed that adult entrepreneurs and managers of startups have higher levels of moral reasoning than the average value for adults in general, although this difference is not statistically significant. Moreover, the results suggest that the startup context, through its collaborative culture and little hierarchical structure, strengthens the moral development of its CEO’s and managers in an equal way, since these did not present significant differences in their levels of moral reasoning. Limitations of the present study and implications for future research on moral reasoning and the context of startups are discussed

HIV/AIDS knowledge among MSM in Brazil : a challenge for public policies

Introdução: Alto nível de conhecimento sobre HIV/aids é necessário para uma efetiva adoção de estratégias preventivas. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre HIV/aids entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) de 12 cidades brasileiras. Metodologia: O método Respondent-Driven Sampling foi utilizado para recrutamento. O conhecimento sobre HIV/aids foi avaliado por meio de 12 perguntas e analisados pela Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Foram estimados os parâmetros de dificuldade e discriminação e o escore de conhecimento categorizado em três níveis: alto, médio e baixo. Regressão logística foi utilizada para a análise. Resultados: Do total de 4.176 HSH, a proporção de alto nível de conhecimento foi de 23,7%. Estiveram associados positivamente (p < 0,05) com o alto conhecimento: idade 25+ anos, escolaridade 12+ anos, cor da pele branca, ter plano de saúde, ter sofrido discriminação devido à orientação sexual, ter realizado teste para sífilis e recebido material educativo nos últimos 12 meses. Ter recebido dinheiro por sexo esteve negativamente associado. Conclusões: A proporção de apenas 23,7% de alto nível de conhecimento sobre HIV/ aids foi baixa. Destaca-se que a única potencial fonte formal de aquisição de conhecimento associada com alto nível de conhecimento foi receber material educativo. Este estudo aponta a necessidade de expandir as políticas públicas de prevenção focadas no segmento HSH e com estratégias de comunicação mais eficazes, incluindo o desenvolvimento de conhecimento que envolva motivação e habilidade para um comportamento mais seguro.Introduction: High level of HIV/Aids knowledge is necessary for an effective adoption of preventive strategies. Objective: To assess HIV/Aids knowledge among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 12 Brazilian cities. Methods: Respondent-Driven Sampling method was used for recruitment. HIV/Aids knowledge was assessed by Item Response Theory. Difficulty and discrimination parameters were estimated and the knowledge score was categorized in three levels: high, medium and low. Logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: Among 4,176 MSM, the proportion of high level of knowledge was 23.7%. The following variables were positively associated with high knowledge (p < 0.05): age 25+ years old, 12+ years of education, white skin color, having health insurance, having suffered discrimination due to sexual orientation, having had a syphilis test and having received educational material in the previous 12 months. Exchanging sex for money was negatively associated. Conclusions: The proportion of only 23,7% of high HIV/Aids knowledge was low. We should note that the only potential source of knowledge acquisition associated with high level of knowledge was receiving educational material. This study indicates the need for expansion of public prevention policies focused on MSM and with more effective communication strategies, including the development of knowledge that involves motivation and abilities for a safer behavior

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

HIV/AIDS knowledge among MSM in Brazil : a challenge for public policies

Introdução: Alto nível de conhecimento sobre HIV/aids é necessário para uma efetiva adoção de estratégias preventivas. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre HIV/aids entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) de 12 cidades brasileiras. Metodologia: O método Respondent-Driven Sampling foi utilizado para recrutamento. O conhecimento sobre HIV/aids foi avaliado por meio de 12 perguntas e analisados pela Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Foram estimados os parâmetros de dificuldade e discriminação e o escore de conhecimento categorizado em três níveis: alto, médio e baixo. Regressão logística foi utilizada para a análise. Resultados: Do total de 4.176 HSH, a proporção de alto nível de conhecimento foi de 23,7%. Estiveram associados positivamente (p < 0,05) com o alto conhecimento: idade 25+ anos, escolaridade 12+ anos, cor da pele branca, ter plano de saúde, ter sofrido discriminação devido à orientação sexual, ter realizado teste para sífilis e recebido material educativo nos últimos 12 meses. Ter recebido dinheiro por sexo esteve negativamente associado. Conclusões: A proporção de apenas 23,7% de alto nível de conhecimento sobre HIV/ aids foi baixa. Destaca-se que a única potencial fonte formal de aquisição de conhecimento associada com alto nível de conhecimento foi receber material educativo. Este estudo aponta a necessidade de expandir as políticas públicas de prevenção focadas no segmento HSH e com estratégias de comunicação mais eficazes, incluindo o desenvolvimento de conhecimento que envolva motivação e habilidade para um comportamento mais seguro.Introduction: High level of HIV/Aids knowledge is necessary for an effective adoption of preventive strategies. Objective: To assess HIV/Aids knowledge among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 12 Brazilian cities. Methods: Respondent-Driven Sampling method was used for recruitment. HIV/Aids knowledge was assessed by Item Response Theory. Difficulty and discrimination parameters were estimated and the knowledge score was categorized in three levels: high, medium and low. Logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: Among 4,176 MSM, the proportion of high level of knowledge was 23.7%. The following variables were positively associated with high knowledge (p < 0.05): age 25+ years old, 12+ years of education, white skin color, having health insurance, having suffered discrimination due to sexual orientation, having had a syphilis test and having received educational material in the previous 12 months. Exchanging sex for money was negatively associated. Conclusions: The proportion of only 23,7% of high HIV/Aids knowledge was low. We should note that the only potential source of knowledge acquisition associated with high level of knowledge was receiving educational material. This study indicates the need for expansion of public prevention policies focused on MSM and with more effective communication strategies, including the development of knowledge that involves motivation and abilities for a safer behavior

HIV/AIDS knowledge among MSM in Brazil: a challenge for public policies

Submitted by Paulo Silva ([email protected]) on 2019-10-21T14:57:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HIV AIDS knowledge among MSM in Brazil.pdf: 247611 bytes, checksum: fdda5e43d0d84b8a8b18e19423c65625 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Silva ([email protected]) on 2019-10-22T12:48:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HIV AIDS knowledge among MSM in Brazil.pdf: 247611 bytes, checksum: fdda5e43d0d84b8a8b18e19423c65625 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-22T12:48:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HIV AIDS knowledge among MSM in Brazil.pdf: 247611 bytes, checksum: fdda5e43d0d84b8a8b18e19423c65625 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade do Estado da Bahia. Departamento de Ciências da Vida. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belo Horizonte. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Filosofia e Humanidades. Departamento de Sociologia. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Social. Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. New Orleans, LA, United States of America / Universidade Federal do Ceará. Departamento de Saúde Comunitária. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Departamento de Saúde Comunitária. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Introduction: High level of HIV/AIDS knowledge is required for an effective adoption of preventive strategies. Objective: To assess HIV/AIDS knowledge among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 12 Brazilian cities. Methods: Respondent-Driven Sampling method was used for recruitment. HIV/AIDS knowledge was assessed by Item Response Theory. Difficulty and discrimination parameters were estimated, and the knowledge score was categorized in three levels: high, medium, and low. Logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: Among 4,176 MSM, the proportion of high level of knowledge was 23.7%. The following variables were positively associated with high knowledge (p < 0.05): age 25+ years old, 12+ years of schooling, white skin color, having health insurance, having suffered discrimination due to sexual orientation, having had a syphilis test, and having received educational material in the previous 12 months. Exchanging sex for money was negatively associated. Conclusions: The proportion of only 23.7% of high HIV/AIDS knowledge was low. We should note that the only potential source of knowledge acquisition associated with high level of knowledge was receiving educational materials. Our study indicates the need for expansion of public prevention policies focused on MSM and with more effective communication strategies, including the development of knowledge that involves motivation and abilities for a safer behavior

Relações entre profissionais de saúde e usuários durante as práticas em saúde Relationships between health professionals and users throughout health care practices

Apresenta-se uma revisão integrativa sobre estudos que abordam as relações entre profissionais de saúde e usuários durante as práticas em saúde. Objetivou-se identificar os aspectos pesquisados no cotidiano dos serviços acerca dessas relações. A coleta foi realizada nas bases Lilacs e Pubmed segundo os descritores: acolhimento; relações profissional-família; relações profissional-paciente; humanização da assistência; e a palavra 'vínculo' associada ao descritor Sistema Único de Saúde. Selecionaram-se 290 estudos publicados entre 1990 e 2010. Por meio da análise temática, foram criados cinco núcleos de sentido: a relevância da confiança na relação profissional-usuário; sentimentos e sentidos na prática do cuidado; a importância da comunicação nos serviços de saúde; modo de organização das práticas em saúde; e (des)colonialismo. Identificou-se que as relações estabelecidas nas práticas de saúde têm uma dimensão transformadora. No entanto, permanece o desafio de humanizar os serviços de saúde. A enfermagem se destaca na produção do conhecimento nessa temática.<br>This article presents an integrative review about studies that address the relationships between health professionals and users in health care practices. It aimed to identify aspects that were researched on the daily life of the services concerning such relationships. Data were collected from the Lilacs and Pubmed databases based on these descriptors: user embracement; professionalfamily relations; professionalpatient relations; humanization of the care; and the bonding word associated to the Single Health System descriptor. Two hundred and ninety studies, published from 1990 to 2010, were selected. Through thematic analyses, five meaning cores were created: the relevance of the confidence in the professionaluser relationship; feelings and senses in the health care practice; the importance of communications in health care services; ways to organize health care practices and (de)colonialism. It was found that relationships established in health care practices have a transformative dimension. However, the challenge to humanize health care services remains. Nursing stands out in the production of knowledge on such theme