Factors associated with prelacteal feeding practices in Debre Berhan district, North Shoa, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional, community-based study

Abstract Background Prelacteal feeding is one of the major harmful newborn feeding practices and is top on the list of global public health concerns. The practice deprives newborns of valuable nutrients and protection of colostrum and exposes them to preventable morbidity and mortality. Studying the prevalence and factors influencing the prelacteal feeding practice of mothers will help program managers and implementers to properly address broad major public health problems. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of prelacteal feeding practices and its associated factors among mother-infant dyads in the Debre Berhan district of North Shoa administrative zone, central Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January through to April 2014 among 634 mother-infant dyads. The data were entered into EPI Info version 3.5.1. (CDC, Atlanta, Georgia). All statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) research IBM version 20.0. The prevalence of prelacteal feeding was determined using the ‘recall since birth’ method. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis was employed to control confounders in determining the association between prelacteal feeding practices and selected independent variables. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and P < 0.05 was used to claim statistical significance. Results The prevalence of prelacteal feeding practice was 14.2% (95% CI: 11.00–17.00%). Slightly greater than half, 48 (53.3%) of prelacteal fed newborns were given butter. Home delivery was a major risk factor for practicing prelacteal feeding. Mothers who delivered their indexed infant at home practiced prelacteal feeding over four folds more than mothers who delivered in a health institution (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 4.70; 95% CI: 2.56–8.60, p-value = 0.001). Mothers who did not initiate breastfeeding within an hour were six times more likely to practice prelacteal feeding (AOR 5.58; 3.21–9.46, p-value = 0.001). Similarly, with regards to the occupation of mothers, farmers practiced prelacteal feedings (AOR 4.33; 95% CI: 1.73–10.81, p-value = 0.002) up to four folds more than their counterpart housewives. Mothers who can read and write are 54% less likely to practice prelacteal feeding than their counterpart, illiterate mothers, with (AOR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.22–0.98, p-value = 0.044). Conclusions In the Debre Berhan town of North Shoa administrative zone, central Ethiopia, almost one-sixth of mothers practiced prelacteal feeding. Therefore, improving access to information about appropriate newborn feeding practices, encouraging mothers to deliver their babies in health institutions and inspiring them to initiate breastfeeding within an hour of birth is recommended

Embodied stonework: reflection on the urban immunization process from the relationship between body and stone

A discussão é dedicada a refletir sobre como são moldadas as relações na multidão contemporânea, ressaltando os modos de atuação do biopoder na urbanidade, que objetivam a imunização da comunidade. Para tanto, relacionamos os modos como a pedra e o corpo na cidade, são ordenados de maneiras semelhantes no sistema. Em um jogo de corpo que empedra e pedra que move, a propomos um olhar para os desvios, os tropeços como possibilidade de ruptura dessa lógica opressora da potência de vida.&nbsp;La discusión está dedicada a reflexionar sobre cómo se forman las relaciones en la multitud contemporánea, destacando las formas en que el biopoder opera en la urbanidad, con el objetivo de inmunizar a la comunidad. Para eso, relacionamos las formas en que la piedra y el cuerpo en la ciudad se ordenan de manera similar en el sistema. En un juego de cuerpo piedra y piedra que mueve, proponemos una mirada a las desviaciones, tropieza como una posibilidad de romper esta lógica opresiva del poder de la vida.The discussion is dedicated to reflecting on how relationships are shaped in the contemporary crowd, highlighting the ways in which biopower operates in urbanity, which aim to immunize the community. For that, we relate the ways in which the stone and the body in the city are ordered in similar ways in the system. In a game of body that rocks and moves stone, we propose a look at deviations, stumbles as a possibility of breaking this oppressive logic of life power

Evaluasi Sistem Drainase di Wilayah Kecamatan Waru, Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan Software Hec-ras

Penerapan sistem drainase konvensional yang memiliki prinsip mengalirkan air secepat-cepatnya ke badan air tidak efektif dikarenakan mengurangi kesempatan meresapnya air ke dalam tanah. Oleh karena itu diperlukan melakukan evaluasi terhadap dimensi saluran drainase eksisting di beberapa wilayah Kecamatan Waru untuk mengetahui debit air hujan yang dapat ditampung. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis secara teknis dan program. Analisis secara program menggunakan software HEC-RAS 5.0.7 yang dapat mensimulasi tinggi genangan di atas saluran drainase. Hasil dari analisis dan evaluasi, terdapat 23 saluran yang tergenang dari 52 saluran yang dianalisis. Saluran yang tergenang pada bagian hulu dan hilir sebanyak 7 saluran dan saluran yang tergenang hanya pada bagian hilir sebanyak 16 saluran. Penanggulangan banjir di Kecamatan Waru dapat dilakukan dengan normalisasi saluran terhadap genangan air yang besar dan tinggi dengan cara memperbaiki penampang saluran yang tidak dapat menampung debit limpasan