Searching for grapevine fungal trunk pathogens on cover crop roots

The potential role of cover crops as alternative hosts for soil-borne fungi plant diseases has not been thoroughly explored. Root samples from cover crops from experimental plots in the CORE Organic Cofund BIOVINE project has been analysed to find out more

New report of Biscogniauxia rosacearum as a pathogen on almond trees in Iran

[EN] Biscogniauxia species are known as fungal trunk pathogens on various tree species in the world. During a survey of trunk diseases of fruit trees conducted in Iran, a branch dieback was observed on almond trees in Kerman province (in the Southeast of Iran). Evaluation of symptomatic branches revealed wood discoloration in cross-sections and the presence of fruiting bodies of an ascomycete fungus on their bark. A total of 31 fungal isolates were obtained, 13 isolates recovered from necrotic wood tissues and 18 isolates from fruiting bodies. These isolates were subjected to morphological analysis as well as sequencing analysis of the partial ITS-rDNA and beta tubulin gene sequences. These fungal isolates were identified as Biscogniauxia rosacearum. Results of the pathogenicity tests showed that this species is pathogenic on almond shoots. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report of this species on almond trees in Iran and in the world.The first author is financially supported by the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) just for her 4 months stay in Spain as a part of her PhD project. However, no funding was received from MSRT for this study by the authors.Sohrabi, M.; Mohammadi, H.; Armengol Fortí, J.; León Santana, M. (2022). New report of Biscogniauxia rosacearum as a pathogen on almond trees in Iran. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 129:411-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-022-00582-yS41141712

A new subspecies of Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. album (Apiaceae) from the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula

[EN] We describe Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. album Martinez-Fort & Donat-Torres subsp. nov., in which we grouped the thermomediterranean populations scattered along the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The characters that differentiate this new subspecies from other infraspecific taxa in Peucedanum officinale are its canaliculated leaflet, the inflorescences much branched and lack of dominant terminal umbels, the umbels are few rayed, sometimes sessile and lateral, the petals are white and the fruit pedicels short, the same or shorter in length than the fruit. We provide here a full description of the new subspecies based on herbarium specimens and field measurements, as well as providing dichotomous keys to the subspecies within P. officinale. In addition, we provide a comparison of the ITS sequences of nrDNA with the most closely related taxons.Martínez-Fort, J.; León Santana, M.; Donat-Torres, MP. (2019). A new subspecies of Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. album (Apiaceae) from the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. PhytoKeys (Online). (131):37-55. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.321733755131Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215(3), 403-410. doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R., & Posada, D. (2012). jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9(8), 772-772. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2109Downie, S. R., Watson, M. F., Spalik, K., & Katz-Downie, D. S. (2000). Molecular systematics of Old World Apioideae (Apiaceae): relationships among some members of tribe Peucedaneae sensu lato, the placement of several island-endemic species, and resolution within the apioid superclade. Canadian Journal of Botany, 78(4), 506-528. doi:10.1139/b00-029Downie, S. R., Spalik, K., Katz-Downie, D. S., & Reduron, J.-P. (2010). Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences. Plant Diversity and Evolution, 128(1-2), 111-136. doi:10.1127/1869-6155/2010/0128-0005Engler, A., Krause, K., Pilger, R. K. F., & Prantl, K. A. E. (1887). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet von A. Engler und K. Prantl, fortgesetzt von A. Engler ... doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4635García Martín, F., & Silvestre, S. (1992). Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. brachyradium García-Martín y Silvestre: nuevo taxon de Umbelliferae. Acta Botanica Malacitana, 17, 119-121. doi:10.24310/abm.v17i.9022Kljuykov, E. V., Liu, M., Ostroumova, T. A., Pimenov, M. G., Tilney, P. M., van Wyk, B.-E., & van Staden, J. (2004). Towards a standardised terminology for taxonomically important morphological characters in the Umbelliferae. South African Journal of Botany, 70(3), 488-496. doi:10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30233-7Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547-1549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msy096Spalik, K., Reduron, J.-P., & Downie, S. R. (2004). The phylogenetic position of Peucedanum sensu lato and allied genera and their placement in tribe Selineae (Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 243(3-4), 189-210. doi:10.1007/s00606-003-0066-2White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. (1990). AMPLIFICATION AND DIRECT SEQUENCING OF FUNGAL RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES FOR PHYLOGENETICS. PCR Protocols, 315-322. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1Magee, A. R., Van Wyk, B.-E., Tilney, P. M., & Downie, S. R. (2007). New generic circumscriptions of Cape peucedanoid species (Apiaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 73(2), 298-299. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2007.02.07

Evaluation of long-term protection from nursery to vineyard provided by Trichoderma atroviride SC1 against fungal grapevine trunk pathogens

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Berbegal, M., Ramón¿Albalat, A., León, M. and Armengol, J. (2020), Evaluation of long¿term protection from nursery to vineyard provided by Trichoderma atroviride SC1 against fungal grapevine trunk pathogens. Pest. Manag. Sci., 76: 967-977, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5605. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] BACKGROUND Fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) represent a threat to viticulture, being responsible for important economic losses worldwide. Nursery and vineyard experiments were set up to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma atroviride SC1 to reduce infections of GTD pathogens in grapevine planting material during the propagation process and to assess the long-term protection provided by this biocontrol agent on grapevine plants in young vineyards during two growing seasons. RESULTS Reductions of some GTD pathogen incidence and severity were found on grapevine propagation material after nursery application of T. atroviride SC1 during the grafting process, and also after additional T. atroviride SC1 treatments performed during two growing seasons in young vineyards, when compared with untreated plants. CONCLUSION Trichoderma atroviride SC1 showed promise to reduce infections caused by some GTD pathogens in nurseries, and also when establishing new vineyards. This biological control agent could possibly be a valuable component in an integrated management approach where various strategies are combined to reduce GTD infections.Berbegal Martinez, M.; Ramón-Albalat, A.; León Santana, M.; Armengol Fortí, J. (2020). Evaluation of long-term protection from nursery to vineyard provided by Trichoderma atroviride SC1 against fungal grapevine trunk pathogens. Pest Management Science. 76(3):967-977. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5605S967977763Gramaje, D., Úrbez-Torres, J. R., & Sosnowski, M. R. (2018). Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. Plant Disease, 102(1), 12-39. doi:10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-feMondello, V., Songy, A., Battiston, E., Pinto, C., Coppin, C., Trotel-Aziz, P., … Fontaine, F. (2018). Grapevine Trunk Diseases: A Review of Fifteen Years of Trials for Their Control with Chemicals and Biocontrol Agents. Plant Disease, 102(7), 1189-1217. doi:10.1094/pdis-08-17-1181-feGramaje, D., & Armengol, J. (2011). Fungal Trunk Pathogens in the Grapevine Propagation Process: Potential Inoculum Sources, Detection, Identification, and Management Strategies. Plant Disease, 95(9), 1040-1055. doi:10.1094/pdis-01-11-0025Kaplan, J., Travadon, R., Cooper, M., Hillis, V., Lubell, M., & Baumgartner, K. (2016). Identifying economic hurdles to early adoption of preventative practices: The case of trunk diseases in California winegrape vineyards. Wine Economics and Policy, 5(2), 127-141. doi:10.1016/j.wep.2016.11.001Úrbez-Torres, J. R., & Gubler, W. D. (2010). Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum. Plant Pathology, 60(2), 261-270. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02381.xEskalen, A., Feliciano, A. J., & Gubler, W. D. (2007). Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Symptom Development in Response to Infection by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Plant Disease, 91(9), 1100-1104. doi:10.1094/pdis-91-9-1100Elena, G., & Luque, J. (2016). Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Cane Colonization in Catalonia, Spain Following Artificial Infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Plant Disease, 100(8), 1651-1659. doi:10.1094/pdis-10-15-1186-reDíaz, G. A., & Latorre, B. A. (2013). Efficacy of paste and liquid fungicide formulations to protect pruning wounds against pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Chile. Crop Protection, 46, 106-112. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2013.01.001Harman, G. E., & Kubicek, C. P. (Eds.). (1998). Trichoderma And Gliocladium, Volume 2. doi:10.1201/9781482267945Harman, G. E. (2000). Myths and Dogmas of Biocontrol Changes in Perceptions Derived from Research on Trichoderma harzinum T-22. Plant Disease, 84(4), 377-393. doi:10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.377Mukherjee, M., Mukherjee, P. K., Horwitz, B. A., Zachow, C., Berg, G., & Zeilinger, S. (2012). Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions: Advances in Genetics of Biological Control. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52(4), 522-529. doi:10.1007/s12088-012-0308-5Rajesh, R. W., Rahul, M. S., & Ambalal, N. S. (2016). Trichoderma: A significant fungus for agriculture and environment. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(22), 1952-1965. doi:10.5897/ajar2015.10584Harman, G. E. (2006). Overview of Mechanisms and Uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology®, 96(2), 190-194. doi:10.1094/phyto-96-0190Pieterse, C. M. J., Zamioudis, C., Berendsen, R. L., Weller, D. M., Van Wees, S. C. M., & Bakker, P. A. H. M. (2014). Induced Systemic Resistance by Beneficial Microbes. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 52(1), 347-375. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102340Van Wees, S. C., Van der Ent, S., & Pieterse, C. M. (2008). Plant immune responses triggered by beneficial microbes. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 11(4), 443-448. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.005Berlanas, C., Andrés-Sodupe, M., López-Manzanares, B., Maldonado-González, M. M., & Gramaje, D. (2018). Effect of white mustard cover crop residue, soil chemical fumigation and Trichoderma spp. root treatment on black-foot disease control in grapevine. Pest Management Science, 74(12), 2864-2873. doi:10.1002/ps.5078Fourie, P. H., & Halleen, F. (2006). Chemical and biological protection of grapevine propagation material from trunk disease pathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 116(4), 255-265. doi:10.1007/s10658-006-9057-9Dissanayake, A. (2016). Botryosphaeriaceae: Current status of genera and species. Mycosphere, 7(7), 1001-1073. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/si/1b/13Mostert, L., Groenewald, J. Z., Summerbell, R. C., Gams, W., & Crous, P. W. (2006). Taxonomy and Pathology of Togninia (Diaporthales) and its Phaeoacremonium Anamorphs. Studies in Mycology, 54, 1-113. doi:10.3114/sim.54.1.1GARDES, M., & BRUNS, T. D. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology, 2(2), 113-118. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.1993.tb00005.xTravadon, R., Lawrence, D. P., Rooney-Latham, S., Gubler, W. D., Wilcox, W. F., Rolshausen, P. E., & Baumgartner, K. (2015). Cadophora species associated with wood-decay of grapevine in North America. Fungal Biology, 119(1), 53-66. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.11.002O’Donnell, K., & Cigelnik, E. (1997). Two Divergent Intragenomic rDNA ITS2 Types within a Monophyletic Lineage of the FungusFusariumAre Nonorthologous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 7(1), 103-116. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0376Jacobs, K., Bergdahl, D. R., Wingfield, M. J., Halik, S., Seifert, K. A., Bright, D. E., & Wingfield, B. D. (2004). Leptographium wingfieldii introduced into North America and found associated with exotic Tomicus piniperda and native bark beetles. Mycological Research, 108(4), 411-418. doi:10.1017/s0953756204009748Savazzini, F., Longa, C. M. O., Pertot, I., & Gessler, C. (2008). Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 in soil. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 73(2), 185-194. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2008.02.004Longa, C. M. O., Pertot, I., & Tosi, S. (2008). Ecophysiological requirements and survival of aTrichoderma atrovirideisolate with biocontrol potential. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 48(4), 269-277. doi:10.1002/jobm.200700396Úrbez-Torres, J. R., Haag, P., Bowen, P., Lowery, T., & O’Gorman, D. T. (2015). Development of a DNA Macroarray for the Detection and Identification of Fungal Pathogens Causing Decline of Young Grapevines. Phytopathology®, 105(10), 1373-1388. doi:10.1094/phyto-03-15-0069-

A qPCR-based method for the detection and quantification of the peach powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in epidemiological studies

A qPCR-based method was developed to detect and quantify Podosphaera pannosa, the main causal agent of peach powdery mildew. A primer pair was designed to target part of the ITS region of the fungal ribosomal DNA, which proved to be highly specific and sensitive. A minimum of 2.81 pg µL− 1 of P. pannosa DNA and 6 conidia mL− 1 in artificially-prepared conidia suspensions were found to be the limit of detection. Moreover, a quantification of conidia placed on plastic tapes commonly used in volumetric air samplers was performed. Regression equations on conidia quantification obtained either from aqueous conidia suspensions or conidia placed on plastic tapes were similar. The protocol was further validated in field conditions by estimating the number of P. pannosa conidia obtained with an air sampler, by both microscopic and molecular quantification. Both techniques detected the peaks of conidia production during a 4-month sampling period, and a significant correlation (r = 0.772) was observed between both quantification methods. Additionally, the molecular method was applied to detect latent fungal inoculum in different plant parts of peach trees. The pathogen was detected mainly on the bark of affected twigs, and to a lesser extent, in foliar buds. The method developed here can be applied in the study of P. pannosa epidemiology and can help in improving the management of this pathogen through its early detection and quantification.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Fungal pathogens associated with branch and trunk cankers of nut crops in Iran

[EN] Branch and trunk canker diseases have become prevalent on nut crops in Iran. During 2015 to 2018, extensive field surveys were conducted on 58 almond, 43 pistachio and 80 walnut orchards in Iran to study fungal pathogens associated with symptomatic trees. One hundred and fifty-six representative fungal isolates were selected and identified based on morphological characteristics and by phylogenetic comparison of DNA sequence data. Fungal species found were Collophorina hispanica, Pleurostoma richardsiae, nine species of Phaeoacremonium (namely P. angustius, P. cinereum, P. italicum, P. fraxinopennsylvanicum, P. minimum, P. parasiticum, P. scolyti, P. tuscanum and P. viticola), 11 species of Botryosphaeriaceae (namely Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia gallae, D. mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella plurivora, Do. sarmentorum, Do. viticola, Lasiodiplodia citricola, L. mahajangana, L. theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum), four species of Diatrypaceae (namely Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis, Diatrype whitmanensis, Eutypella citricola and E. vitis) and two non-identified Eutypella spp. (Eutypella sp. 1 and Eutypella sp. 2). Some of these species represent new reports in Iran and/or are reported for the first time in their respective hosts. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that most of these fungi were pathogenic to inoculated almond, pistachio and walnut shoots. Therefore, more importance should be given to fungal trunk pathogens in Iran, and specific management strategies should be included within the nut crops IPM management programs, with the aim of improving their sustainability.Financial support by the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) for the first author during her 4 months stay in Spain as a part of her PhD project is greatly acknowledged.Sohrabi, M.; Mohammadi, H.; León Santana, M.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Banihashemi, Z. (2020). Fungal pathogens associated with branch and trunk cankers of nut crops in Iran. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 157(2):327-351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-01996-wS3273511572Abdollahzadeh, J., Javadi, A., Mohmammadi Goltapeh, E., Zare, R., & Phillips, A. J. L. (2010). Phylogeny and morphology of four new species of Lasiodiplodia from Iran. Persoonia, 25, 1–10.Abdollahzadeh, J., Zare, R., & Phillips, A. J. L. (2013). 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Prevalent weeds collected from cucurbit fields in Northeastern Brazil reveal new species diversity in the genus Monosporascus

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Negreiros, AMP, Júnior, RS, Rodrigues, APMS, León, M, Armengol, J. Prevalent weeds collected from cucurbit fields in Northeastern Brazil reveal new species diversity in the genus Monosporascus. Ann Appl Biol. 2019; 174: 349 363. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12493, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12493. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Fungal species belonging to the ascomycete genus Monosporascus have no known asexual morph and the ascocarp is a globose perithecium where asci develop, containing from 1 to 6 spherical ascospores, depending on the species. Monosporascus cannonballus is the most well-known species of the genus, and an important root pathogen associated with the vine decline of melon and watermelon crops worldwide. The aim of the present study was to characterise a collection of 35 Monosporascus-like isolates recovered from roots of two weed species prevalent in cucurbit growing fields in Northeastern Brazil: Boerhavia diffusa and Trianthema portulacastrum. These isolates were identified based on DNA sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer regions (ITS) of the nuclear rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor gene (tef-1), part of the -tubulin gene (tub), part of the nuclear small subunit (SSU) rDNA and part of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA. Five Monosporascus species, namely Monosporascus brasiliensis, Monosporascus caatinguensis, Monosporascus mossoroensis, Monosporascus nordestinus and Monosporascus semiaridus, are newly described. Monosporascus brasiliensis, M. nordestinus and M. semiaridus were isolated from both weed species, while M. caatinguensis only from T. portulacastrum and M. mossoroensis only from B. diffusa. The present study confirms that Monosporascus spp. can colonise roots of very diverse hosts, even without causing noticeable disease symptoms, and reveals that the diversity of species in the genus Monosporascus is potentially greater than previously expected.This research was supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) and by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq).Negreiros, AMP.; Sales, R.; Rodrigues A.P.M.S.; León Santana, M.; Armengol Fortí, J. (2019). Prevalent weeds collected from cucurbit fields in Northeastern Brazil reveal new species diversity in the genus Monosporascus. Annals of Applied Biology. 174(3):349-363. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12493S349363174

A qPCR-based method for the detection and quantification of the peach powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in epidemiological studies

[EN] A qPCR-based method was developed to detect and quantifyPodosphaera pannosa, the main causal agent of peach powdery mildew. A primer pair was designed to target part of the ITS region of the fungal ribosomal DNA, which proved to be highly specific and sensitive. A minimum of 2.81 pg mu L(- 1)ofP. pannosaDNA and 6 conidia mL(- 1)in artificially-prepared conidia suspensions were found to be the limit of detection. Moreover, a quantification of conidia placed on plastic tapes commonly used in volumetric air samplers was performed. Regression equations on conidia quantification obtained either from aqueous conidia suspensions or conidia placed on plastic tapes were similar. The protocol was further validated in field conditions by estimating the number ofP. pannosaconidia obtained with an air sampler, by both microscopic and molecular quantification. Both techniques detected the peaks of conidia production during a 4-month sampling period, and a significant correlation (r = 0.772) was observed between both quantification methods. Additionally, the molecular method was applied to detect latent fungal inoculum in different plant parts of peach trees. The pathogen was detected mainly on the bark of affected twigs, and to a lesser extent, in foliar buds. The method developed here can be applied in the study ofP. pannosaepidemiology and can help in improving the management of this pathogen through its early detection and quantification.This research was funded by Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain, project RTA2013-00004-C03-01, and with matching funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Jordi Luque was supported by the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. Neus Marimon was supported by INIA with a predoctoral grant (CPD-2015-0142). 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First Report of Diaporthe amygdali Associated with Twig Canker and Shoot Blight of Nectarine in Spain

Beluzán-Flores, FJ.; DIEGO OLMO GARCIA; León Santana, M.; Abad Campos, P.; Armengol Fortí, J. (2021). First Report of Diaporthe amygdali Associated with Twig Canker and Shoot Blight of Nectarine in Spain. Plant Disease. 105(10):1-1. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2283-PDNS111051

Survey, identification, and characterization of Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs in Spanish forest nurseries

[EN] Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs infect herbaceous and woody plants, mainly in agricultural scenarios, but also in forestry systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of Cylindrocarpon-like isolates recovered from the roots of a broad range of forest hosts from nurseries showing decline by morphological and molecular studies. Between 2009 and 2012, 17 forest nurseries in Spain were surveyed and a total of 103 Cylindrocarpon-like isolates were obtained. Isolates were identified based on DNA sequences of the partial gene regions histone H3 (his3). For the new species, the internal transcribed spacer and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) region, beta-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tefl) were also used to determine their phylogenetic position. Twelve species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria, and Ilyonectria were identified from damaged roots of 15 different host genera. The species C. alicantinum, D. macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, I. capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, and I. rufa were identified. In addition, two Dactylonectria species (D. hispanica sp. nov. and D. valentina sp. nov.), one Ilyonectria species (I. ilicicola sp. nov.), and one Neonectria species (N. quercicola sp. nov.) are newly described. The present study demonstrates the prevalence of this fungal group associated with seedlings of diverse hosts showing decline symptoms in forest nurseries in Spain.This research was supported by funding from the Spanish project AGL2011-30438-C02-01 (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain). It was also funded by Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia grant SFRH/BPD/84508/2012 for Ana Cabral and FCT Unit funding UID/AGR/04129/2013). C. Agusti-Brisach is the holder of a 'Juan de la Cierva-Formacion' fellowship from MINECO (Spain).Mora-Sala, B.; Cabral, A.; León Santana, M.; Agusti Brisach, C.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Abad Campos, P. (2018). Survey, identification, and characterization of Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs in Spanish forest nurseries. Plant Disease. 102(11):2083-2100. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-18-0171-RES208321001021