Adaptações cardiorrespiratórias e neuromotoras ao uso de exergames em crianças participantes de aulas de educação física

Introduction: Exergames appear as an excellent way for the change of sedentary behavior and source of regular physical activity practice in children and adolescents. Objective: To verify the effectiveness of exergames in physical education classes to provide cardiorespiratory, neuromotors and flexibility changes in children. Methods: 59 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years, divided into two groups, were randomly assigned to CG (n = 30) and EG (n = 29). The results were shown in two manuscripts. In the first one, the cardiorespiratory response was observed in 16 sessions with the use of exergames. In the second study, the neuromotor responses were observed. In both manuscripts the statistical analysis was made from factorial ANOVA 2x2, with effect size and p <0.05. In all analyzes, SPSS for Windows, version 23.0 was used. Results: The first manuscript identified significant increase in students who practiced exergames in physical education classes, F (1, 30) = 13,236; p <0.05; r = 0.54 In addition, the control group did not show significant change during the intervention time F (1.30) = 0.32; p = 0.57; r = 0.10 and in the comparison between the groups there was a significant difference in cardiorespiratory adaptation F (1, 33) = 6.27; p <0.05; r = 0.41. The second manuscript identified when analyzing the level of flexibility between the groups, significant changes, F (1,30) = 7,683; p <0.01; r = 0.45 and presented a significant change in GE F (1.30) = 15.1; p <0.01; r = 0.57 and showed no significant changes in GC F (1.30) = 0.52; p = 0.47; r = 0.13. In the variable Strength of upper limbs only showed significant adaptation in the GE F (1.30) = 5.01; p <0.05; r = 0.37, showed no significant changes in CG and between groups. In the abdominal strength variable, there were no significant changes. Conclusion: the use of exergames in physical education classes promoted significant adaptations in the cardiorespiratory variable. In the same way that it promoted significant adaptations in the levels of flexibility and strength of upper limbs in its practitioners, but did not significantly alter the abdominal strength variable.Introdução: Os exergames aparecem como um excelente caminho para a mudança do comportamento sedentário e fonte de prática de atividade física regular em crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade do uso dos exergames em aulas de educação física para proporcionar alterações cardiorrespiratórias, neuromotoras e de flexibilidade em crianças. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 59 escolares com faixa etária entre 8 e 10 anos, distribuídos em dois grupos, organizados aleatoriamente em GC (n=30) e GE (n=29). Os resultados foram mostrados em dois manuscritos. No primeiro, foi observada a resposta cardiorrespiratória, em 16 sessões, com o uso de exergames. No segundo manuscrito, observaram-se as respostas neuromotoras. Em ambos os manuscritos a análise estatística foi feita a partir da ANOVA fatorial 2x2, com tamanho do efeito e p<0,05. Em todas as análises foi utilizada o SPSS for Windows, versão 23.0. Resultados: O primeiro manuscrito identificou aumento significativo nos alunos que praticaram exergames nas aulas de educação física, F (1, 30) = 13,236; p<0,05; r= 0,54 Além disso, notou-se o grupo controle não apresentou alteração significativa durante o tempo de intervenção F (1,30) = 0,32; p=0,57; r= 0,10 e na comparação entre os grupos ocorreu diferença significativa de adaptação cardiorrespiratória F(1, 33) = 6,27; p< 0,05; r= 0,41. O segundo manuscrito identificou ao analisar o nível de flexibilidade entre os grupos, alterações significativas, F(1,30) = 7,683; p< 0,01; r= 0,45 e apresentou alteração significativa no GE F(1,30)= 15,1; p< 0,01; r=0,57 e não mostrou alterações significativas no GC F(1,30)= 0,52; p=0,47; r= 0,13. Na variável Força de membros superiores apenas apresentou adaptação significativa no GE F(1,30)= 5,01; p<0,05; r=0,37, não apresentou alterações significativa no GC e entre os grupos. Na variável força abdominal, não houveram alterações significativas. Conclusão: o uso dos exergames nas aulas de educação física promoveram adaptações significativas na variável cardiorrespiratória. Da mesma forma que promoveu adaptações significativas nos níveis de flexibilidade e força de membros superiores em seus praticantes, mas não alterou significativamente a variável força abdominal.São Cristóvão, S

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

The Influence of Warm-Up on Body Temperature and Strength Performance in Brazilian National-Level Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes

Background and Objectives: The effects of warm-up in athletic success have gained strong attention in recent studies. There is, however, a wide gap in awareness of the warm-up process to be followed, especially in Paralympic powerlifting (PP) athletes. This study aimed to analyze different types of warm-up on the physical performance of PP athletes. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 12 elite Brazilian PP male athletes (age, 24.14 &plusmn; 6.21 years; bodyweight, 81.67 &plusmn; 17.36 kg). The athletes performed maximum isometric force (MIF), rate of force development (RFD), and speed test (Vmax) in three different methods of warm-up. Tympanic temperature was used to estimate the central body temperature. Results: A significant difference was observed for MIF in the without warm-up (WW) condition in relation to the traditional warm-up (TW) and stretching warm-up (SW) (p = 0.005, &eta;2p = 0.454, high effect). On the contrary, no significant differences were observed in RFD, fatigue index (FI) and time in the different types of warm up (p &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in relation to the maximum repetition (p = 0.121, &eta;2p = 0.275, medium effect) or the maximum speed (p = 0.712, &eta;2p = 0.033, low effect) between the different types of warm up. In relation to temperature, significant differences were found for the TW in relation to the &ldquo;before&rdquo; and &ldquo;after&rdquo; conditions. In addition, differences were found between WW in the &ldquo;after&rdquo; condition and SW. In addition, WW demonstrated a significant difference in relation to TW in the &ldquo;10 min later&rdquo; condition (F = 26.87, p = 0.05, &eta;2p = 0.710, high effect). Conclusions: The different types of warm-up methods did not seem to provide significant differences in the force indicators in elite PP athletes