The Role of Work Engagement in Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Job Performance in Banking Sector of Lahore (Pakistan)

This study investigates an underlying mechanism that clarifies the connection between transformational leadership and job performance. Specifically, it explores the mediating role of work engagement in a relationship between transformational leadership and job performance.  Banking sector of Lahore (Pakistan) has been considered as target population. Different bank's branches were selected randomly for conducting the research. Overall 200 questionnaires were distributed. 170 questionnaires were used for analysis. The results of Correlation analysis show positive relationship between transformational leadership, work engagement and job performance. Moreover work engagement partially mediates the link between transformational leadership and job performance. Due to a shortage of budget, the sample of the paper is kept low, and only a few banks were taken into account, and the numbers of the questionnaire were limited. The target population of the study is only banking sector and all other sectors like textile sector, the education sector, and telecommunication sector remain to be unexplored. This study provides information for banking sector of Lahore (Pakistan) managers about why and under what circumstances employees perform the ways they do in the view of discussed variables

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words, and so is an Emojis Emojisfication of Language: A Pragmatic Analysis of Facebook Discourse

This research study aims to examine language change occurring in written discourse due to increase in the usage of emojis and the way emojis, in comparison to words, are performing communicative functions on social media platforms such as Facebook. The study focused on Pakistani Facebook users. For the study, Facebook is one of the most authentic social media platforms because 71.75 % (Internet Word Stat) of Pakistani internet users use Facebook which is the highest statistics among all social media applications. In order to investigate the recent language change and communicative functions performed by emojis, we utilized Speech act theory as it strives to investigate that by uttering something a speaker is indeed performing a social action, thus named as “Speech act”. Searle’s (1979) model of Illocutionary act in Speech act theory will particularly be used for the study. In addition to that, Dresner & Herring (2010) state that that smileys/ emojis function as illocutionary force, this theory will be applied to strengthen the argument. Moreover, for the collection of data, Discourse Completion Task/Test were used to collect elicit responses from the participants of focused groups. These focused groups contained students and faculty members from NUML and AIR Universities. The study concluded that, indeed, there is an arousing change in the written communication because younger generation uses emojis as compared to the aged people. The new forms of digital written communication (Facebook) has an immense amount of emojis instead of words for expression of their emotions. Emojis play vital role in conveying the “expressive” speech act in written communication and use of words is becoming lesser. They are pragmatically as competent as the words in the in communication, they fill the gap of facial expressions in the written mode of communication

Plithogenic Fuzzy Whole Hypersoft Set, Construction of Operators and their Application in Frequency Matrix Multi Attribute Decision Making Technique

In this paper, initially a matrix representation of Plithogenic Hypersoft Set (PHSS) is introduced and then with the help of this matrix some local operators for Plithogenic Fuzzy Hypersoft set (PFHSS) are developed. These local operators are used to generalize PFHSS to Plithogenic Fuzzy Whole Hypersoft set (PFWHSS). The generalized PFWHSS set is hybridization of Fuzzy Hypersoft set (which represent multiattributes and their subattributes as a combined whole membership i.e. case of having an exterior view of the event) and the Plithogenic Fuzzy Hypersoft set (in which multi attributes and their subattributes are represented with individual memberships case of having interior view). Thus, the speciality of PFWHSS is its presentation of an exterior and interior view of a situation simultaneously. Later, the PFWHSS is employed in development of multi attributes decision making scheme named as Frequency Matrix Multi Attributes Decision making scheme (FMMADMS). This innovative technique is not only simpler than any of the former MADM techniques, but also has a unique capability of dealing mathematically a variety of human mind psychologies at every level that are working in different environments (fuzzy, intuitionistic, neutrosophic, plithogenic). Besides, FMMADMS also provides the percentage authenticity of the final ranking which in itself is a new idea providing a transparent and unbiased ranking. Moreover, the new introduced idea of frequency matrix handles the ranking ties in the best possible way and has an ability to provide the authenticity comparative analysis of previously developed schemes. Lastly, application of this FMMADMS is described as a numerical example for a case of ranking and selecting the best alternative

The Impact of Social Media on The Success of Crowdfunding in Developing Countries

The use of online communities to garner monetary support for charitable organisations, cultural endeavours, innovative products, and business ideas is quickly becoming more widespread. However, empirical research on the main dynamics of crowdfunding is limited. To increase the number of funds for crowdfunding campaigns, it is crucial to promote and publicise them on social media platforms. This study investigates the impact of communication and connectivity on crowdfunding success. Despite the recent study that has been conducted on crowdfunding, there is still a knowledge vacuum on the aspects that contribute to the success of crowdfunding models. The research framework that was built as part of this study offers an in-depth analysis of the donation-based crowdfunding model as well as the aspects that contribute to its success. This study also provides guidance for fundraisers and policymakers to consider success factors when creating their funding comparing

RISK PERCEPTION OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES

From the evidence that socially responsible investment is an emerging concept in Muslim countries, we have developed a socio-demographic behavior based model. We have shown the direct effect of social factors (religion and family influence) and indirect effect of demographic factors (age, education and income) on investment choices through risk perception. Investors may be experienced in investment market but particularly in SRI investments of Muslim countries they will be new entrants. We have developed hypotheses from literature in our study regarding this concept of new entrants. In Pakistan, SRI investment is not prevailing but opportunities do exist. Pakistani firms can take the initiative by attracting SRI investments if firms develop more sophisticated CSR

Evolution of Moving Images in Documentary Film-Making: a study from the Middle-Eastern perspective

This paper is focused on the evolution of moving images in documentaries whereas the study is conducted on the perspective of Middle East. The core aims and title of the study is “to find out the evolution of moving images in documentary film-making: a study from the Middle-Eastern perspective”. While the objectives which are assigned to this study are to determine the way in which the animation is used in the documentaries to increase the impacts as well as the other objective is to explore the cultural and socio-political impacts of incorporating animations in documentary film- making in the contemporary scenario in the Middle-East. For the conduction of research Observational research method is used which contained hermeneutic or interpretivist research model. Participant observation and unstructured interview are used to collect the data

Students' Feedback of Written Examination: A Public Sector Medical University Experience

Objective: To determine the students’ perceptions regarding the examination in a public sector medical university. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Islamabad. An examination feedback proforma was developed to collect the feedback from students appearing for the written exam for MD/MS/MTA during 2015. Multiple variables were assessed and descriptive analysis was done. Results: The feedback proforma was distributed to 98 candidates with response rate was 68.36%. Overall feedback from students about the examination was positive. Majority of the students were satisfied with the process and arrangements of the examination. However a large number of students did not comment on some important issues. Conclusion: Collecting students’ feedback about examination was a good effort to identify our deficiencies and indication for areas of improvement. This study revealed a positive response from students regarding overall management of the examination process