Gender Stereotypes of Leaders: Do They Influence Leadership in Higher Education?

This article reviews social psychological and organizational development literature on gender stereotypes and leadership style and effectiveness and explores its relevance for leadership in higher education. Implications of the dichotomous stereotypes of “friendly vs. competent” and “agentic vs. communal” frame a discussion of social psychological research on how stereotypes affect perceptions of leaders. Ways to overcome stereotypes and the application of feminist values to leadership strategies are also discussed

Not the spice trade : Australian women\u27s contribution to educational change in Pakistan

This thesis critiqued the professional practices of an Institute’s graduates in order to establish the effectiveness of a teacher education innovation in Pakistan shaped in partnership with Australian educators. The research findings show that relevant, high quality teacher education, capable of effecting positive changes in schooling, is achievable within Pakistan

Horror of personality: exploring the gothicisation of mental illness in American fiction of the long 1950s

This thesis examines the gothicisation of mental illness — specifically, disorders of personality — in American fiction, as illustrated through four popular novels written in the long 1950s. In so doing, this thesis aims to demystify not only the complex intersections between American history and literature, but also the nation’s ambivalent relationship with psychiatry and its fascination with psychological explanations for deviance and evil. While previous research has explored depictions of psychopathology in literature with limited scope, this thesis offers a detailed study of the ways in which contemporary history, popular culture, and concurrent psychiatric developments within the United States coalesce to shape depictions of personality disorder in fiction with particular consideration to the close-knit relationship between the American gothic and Freudianism and the implications of gender in post-war society. The first chapter explores national anxieties concerning communism and homosexuality, which converge in the figure of the sexual psychopath, embodied within Robert Bloch’s novel Psycho (1959) by the Bluebeardian figure of Norman Bates. The second chapter reads Shirley Jackson’s novel The Bird’s Nest (1954) against Corbett Thigpen and Hervey Cleckley’s psychiatric study The Three Faces of Eve (1957) in order to examine the symbiotic relationship between fictional gothic texts and contemporary psychiatric texts centring on what was previously termed multiple personality disorder. Both chapters find that the pervasive use of gothic language in contemporary psychiatric and cultural documents describing psychopathy and multiple personality disorder, respectively, underlines a lack of understanding concerning severe forms of mental illness, resulting in the marginalisation and villainization of those afflicted with disorders of personality. Chapter three examines the depiction of what might now be termed borderline personality disorder in Henry Farrell’s novel What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1960). This chapter argues that the novel’s subversion of the Bluebeard gothic offers a counternarrative to the classic Woman in Peril plot that nonetheless underscores the folly of patriarchal culture and concludes that texts like Baby Jane help to expose the gendered nature of concepts such as normality and deviance within western culture. Finally, chapter four analyses the depiction of child psychopathy in William March’s novel The Bad Seed (1954). This chapter finds that by focusing on the role of genetics in the formation of psychopathology, March’s novel poses a challenge to the dominant psychoanalytic framework of 1950s American psychiatry and exposes the gothic undercurrents of American suburban social structures. By studying these texts as a collection, this thesis confronts the driving factors behind why the gothic remains such an integral part of American culture at large. It ultimately concludes that a long history of female marginalization and androcentrism within both medical and popular culture continues to feed the gothicisation of mental illness within fiction of the United States

BRIDGING THE GAP: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF UNIVERSITY LIAISONS IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SCHOOLS

ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: BRIDGING THE GAP: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF UNIVERSITY LIAISONS IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SCHOOLS Mary Margaret Madden, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Dissertation Directed by: Professor Francine Hultgren Department of Education Policy and Leadership In this hermeneutic phenomenological study, I explore the lived experience of six university faculty who serve as liaisons and coordinators in Professional Development Schools (PDSs) and bridge the gap between P-12 schools and universities. My question for this investigation asks, "What is the lived experience of university faculty in Professional Development Schools?" The themes arising from their lived experiences are opened through the lifeworld dimensions of lived body, time, space and relation. Throughout this study, I have used the metaphors of bridge and building to understand the liaisons' experiences, as well as other metaphors brought forward by my conversants. These metaphors led to my understanding that the experience of a liaison is grounded in movement, that they become bridges as they engage in the process of building them. I examine the manner in which they were called to this work, and the importance of building relationships in order to sustain them. Through the building process, the liaisons are building identities as liaisons, as well as experiencing changes in their personal lives. I identify exuberance (Jamison, 2004) and sacrifice as essential elements of the liaisons' work. Reflecting on these themes has made me more aware of what the liaisons are required to do, the combination of relationship and administration, and I suggest ways in which schools and universities can re-design perceptions and structures to provide support for the liaisons as they do their work

Taking Control of What Counts in Accountability: The Context Enriched Report Card

During the last two decades concerns about the quality of education have resulted in widespread calls for educational improvement and reform in many nations

ALMA Resolves 30 Doradus: Sub-parsec Molecular Cloud Structure Near the Closest Super-Star Cluster

We present ALMA observations of 30 Doradus -- the highest resolution view of molecular gas in an extragalactic star formation region to date (~0.4pc x 0.6pc). The 30Dor-10 cloud north of R136 was mapped in 12CO 2-1, 13CO 2-1, C18O 2-1, 1.3mm continuum, the H30alpha recombination line, and two H2CO 3-2 transitions. Most 12CO emission is associated with small filaments and clumps (<1pc, ~1000 Msun at the current resolution). Some clumps are associated with protostars, including "pillars of creation" photoablated by intense radiation from R136. Emission from molecular clouds is often analyzed by decomposition into approximately beam-sized clumps. Such clumps in 30 Doradus follow similar trends in size, linewidth, and surface density to Milky Way clumps. The 30 Doradus clumps have somewhat larger linewidths for a given size than predicted by Larson's scaling relation, consistent with pressure confinement. They extend to higher surface density at a given size and linewidth compared to clouds studied at 10pc resolution. These trends are also true of clumps in Galactic infrared-dark clouds; higher resolution observations of both environments are required. Consistency of clump masses calculated from dust continuum, CO, and the virial theorem reveals that the CO abundance in 30 Doradus clumps is not significantly different from the LMC mean, but the dust abundance may be reduced by ~2. There are no strong trends in clump properties with distance from R136; dense clumps are not strongly affected by the external radiation field, but there is a modest trend towards lower dense clump filling fraction deeper in the cloud.Comment: accepted to Ap

The Relationship Between Molecular Gas, HI, and Star Formation in the Low-Mass, Low-Metallicity Magellanic Clouds

The Magellanic Clouds provide the only laboratory to study the effect of metallicity and galaxy mass on molecular gas and star formation at high (~20 pc) resolution. We use the dust emission from HERITAGE Herschel data to map the molecular gas in the Magellanic Clouds, avoiding the known biases of CO emission as a tracer of H$_{2}$. Using our dust-based molecular gas estimates, we find molecular gas depletion times of ~0.4 Gyr in the LMC and ~0.6 SMC at 1 kpc scales. These depletion times fall within the range found for normal disk galaxies, but are shorter than the average value, which could be due to recent bursts in star formation. We find no evidence for a strong intrinsic dependence of the molecular gas depletion time on metallicity. We study the relationship between gas and star formation rate across a range in size scales from 20 pc to ~1 kpc, including how the scatter in molecular gas depletion time changes with size scale, and discuss the physical mechanisms driving the relationships. We compare the metallicity-dependent star formation models of Ostriker, McKee, and Leroy (2010) and Krumholz (2013) to our observations and find that they both predict the trend in the data, suggesting that the inclusion of a diffuse neutral medium is important at lower metallicity.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. FITS files of the dust-based estimates of the H2 column densities for the LMC and SMC (shown in Figures 2 and 3) will be available online through Ap

Spitzer View of Massive Star Formation in the Tidally Stripped Magellanic Bridge

The Magellanic Bridge is the nearest low-metallicity, tidally stripped environment, offering a unique high-resolution view of physical conditions in merging and forming galaxies. In this paper we present analysis of candidate massive young stellar objects (YSOs), i.e., {\it in situ, current} massive star formation (MSF) in the Bridge using {\it Spitzer} mid-IR and complementary optical and near-IR photometry. While we definitely find YSOs in the Bridge, the most massive are $\sim10 M_\odot$, $\ll45 M_\odot$ found in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The intensity of MSF in the Bridge also appears decreasing, as the most massive YSOs are less massive than those formed in the past. To investigate environmental effects on MSF, we have compared properties of massive YSOs in the Bridge to those in the LMC. First, YSOs in the Bridge are apparently less embedded than in the LMC: 81% of Bridge YSOs show optical counterparts, compared to only 56% of LMC sources with the same range of mass, circumstellar dust mass, and line-of-sight extinction. Circumstellar envelopes are evidently more porous or clumpy in the Bridge's low-metallicity environment. Second, we have used whole samples of YSOs in the LMC and the Bridge to estimate the probability of finding YSOs at a given \hi\ column density, N(HI). We found that the LMC has $\sim3\times$ higher probability than the Bridge for N(HI) $>10\times10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$, but the trend reverses at lower N(HI). Investigating whether this lower efficiency relative to HI is due to less efficient molecular cloud formation, or less efficient cloud collapse, or both, will require sensitive molecular gas observations.Comment: 41 pages, 20 figures, 6 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ; several figures are in low resolution due to the size limit here and a high resolution version can be downloaded via http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~cc5ye/ms_bridge20140215.pd