ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE DRILLING TOOLS BY MEANS OF CAD/CAM AND ANALYSIS OF CHIP FORMATION MECHANISM

Dokument pojednává o návrhu vrtacích nástrojů za pomocí CAD a CAE technologií. Nejprve jsou stručně nastíněny různé postupy tvorby 3D modelů vrtacích nástrojů, zmíněny možnosti měření jejich silového zatížení při vrtání, je uveden popis mechanismu tvorby třísky a následně je prezentován přehled nejpoužívanějších explicitních (síťových) metod konečných prvků využívaných pro simulace obrábění. Pro tuto práci byla vybrána bezsíťová metoda SPH, která i přes to, že je schopna velmi dobře zvládat velké deformace a přetvoření materiálu, není pro simulace obrábění téměř využívána a v dostupných publikacích lze nalézt pouze informace týkající se simulací ortogonálního obrábění. Demonstrována je na příkladu simulace ortogonálního obrábění hliníkové slitiny A2024-T351, která zároveň slouží jako výchozí bod pro simulace vrtání pomocí metody SPH. Následuje popis návrhu, simulací a testování prototypů nových vrtacích nástrojů - tříbřitých a dvoubřitých vrtáků s vnitřním odvodem třísky, přičemž podrobněji se dokument zaměřuje na dvoubřitou variantu s monolitní vrtací hlavicí. Pro tento typ nástroje byla provedena i SPH simulace vrtání, která odhalila některé nevýhody dané metody spojené s požadavkem na přesnější simulaci tvaru třísky, a to sice prudký nárůst počtu SPH elementů a následné, v některých případech zásadní prodloužení výpočtového času. Podklady týkající se dvoubřitých vrtacích nástrojů byly poté využity pro tvorbu přihlášky vynálezu.This document deals with the development of drilling tools by means of CAD and CAE technologies. At first, a brief overview of various design procedures of 3D drill models is presented, possibilities of measurement of force and moment loading during drilling are mentioned, a chip formation mechanism is briefly described and then a list of commonly used explicit (mesh) finite element methods used for cutting simulations is presented. A meshless SPH method have been selected for this work. Although it is able to handle the large deformations easily, it has been used for cutting simulations very rarely and only an orthogonal cutting simulations related information can be found in scientific databases. It has been demonstrated on the orthogonal cutting simulation of A2024-T351 alloy that was also the starting point for SPH simulation of drilling. The following is a decription of the design, simulation and prototyping of new drilling tools - drills with three and two cutting edges and an internal chip channel. This document is focused in detail on the variant with two cutting edges for which SPH drilling simulation has also been performed. Some drawbacks related to more precise chip simulation demands have been revealed, especially a rapid increase in number of SPH elements followed with prolongation of a computational time. Information related to the design of the drilling head with two cutting edges were then used to create the patent application.

Oddziaływanie BIZ na rynek pracy na przykładzie województwa łódzkiego

Whether the presence of affiliates of MNE will prove beneficial to a country’s and region’s labour markets, depends on a variety of factors. Among them the most important role play the MNE’s motives for investing. These, in turn, result from the investor’s strategy on one hand, and region-specific competitive advantages, on the other. Also, it is crucial for public institutions to be active in attracting and negotiating FDI contracts so that they bring about a rise in employment and development of human capital. This article provides an insight into theories discussing the impact of FDI on the receiving economy in the area of employment. It also presents a selection of statistical data concerning the labour markets of Poland and the voivodship of Łódź in order to identify correlation between MNEs’ activities and employment. It also aims to evaluate the quality of public policies targeted at attracting FDI and shaping attitudes of foreign direct investors

A Tool for Sharing and Visualization of Skydiving Records

Cílem téhle práce je vytvoření webové aplikace, která umožní maximálně jednoduchou 3D vizualizaci a sdílení vložených GPS záznamů. Je určená především pro aerosporty. Aplikace je postavená na full-stack JavaScript platformě Meteor.js, má webové uživatelské rozhraní a na 3D vizualizaci v prohlížeči využívá WebGL knihovnu three.js. Tato forma umožňuje dosáhnout požadovanou širokou dostupnost a jednoduchost používaní. Aplikace je cenným nástrojem na analýzu sportovních výkonů, protože umožňuje jednoduše získat přesnou představu o skutečné trajektorii vysoko nad zemí, kde to kvůli absenci blízkého referenčního bodu není možné jenom vizuálně.Purpose of this work is to create a web application which would enable easiest possible 3D visualisation and sharing of uploaded GPS logs. It is intended mainly for aerosports. The application is built on the full-stack JavaScript platform Meteor.js, it features a web user interface and utilizes WebGL library three.js for 3D visualisations in browser. This form allows to achieve intended accessibility and simplicity of usage. The application is a valuable sports performance analysis tool. It brings accurate view of the actual trajectory in the sky where it's otherwise impossible due to the absence of a close visual reference point.

Verdsettelse av Norwegian Air Shuttle etter COVID-19

Denne oppgaven har som mål å bestemme den nåværende verdien av Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, med tanke på påvirkningen fra COVID-19-pandemien og selskapets nye forretningsstrategi. Som et resultat av pandemien har Norwegian gjennomgått en større omstrukturering, med en fornyet fokus på lønnsomhet heller enn vekst. Denne strategien ble allerede implementert i 2019, men ble avbrutt av COVID-19-påvirkningen. Selv om selskapet akkumulerte betydelig gjeld i tidligere år og rapporterte negative økonomiske resultater, forbedret fokus på lønnsomhet nøkkeltallene i 2019. Imidlertid varte denne utviklingen bare ett år, da reiseaktiviteten ble sterkt påvirket av reiserestriksjoner og karantene lover, og førte luftfarts industrien til et stopp. Som et resultat gikk Norwegian på få uker fra å streve for lønnsomhet til å være avhengig av statlig støtte for å overleve krisen. Etter mange juridiske prosesser og omstrukturering endte Norwegian år 2022 som det første vanlige året med positive økonomiske resultater. Selv om selskapet ennå ikke har kommet seg helt tilbake til sin tilstand før pandemien, søker det aktivt etter nye vekstmuligheter og er forpliktet til sin restrukturering. Ved å bruke tilgjengelig informasjon og data, gir denne oppgaven en verdi av Norwegian sin egenkapital per 21.04.2023 da aksjen ble verdsatt til 10.01 på Oslo Børs. Ved å prognostisere fremtidige kontantstrømmer og bruke nåverdien tilnærmingen, anslår vi selskapets aksjekurs til å være 8.34 NOK. Verdien ble deretter justert av den relative verdsettelsen, som antydet at vår nåverdi-tilnærming kunne være for optimistisk. Med hjelp av både nåverdi-metoden og den relative verdsettelsen, anslår vi verdien til å være 6.90 NOK. Vi konkluderer med at selskapet er overpriset, og vi anbefaler å selge aksjen i Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA. Samtidig ønsker vi å understreke at verdsettelsen er utsatt for endringer i de underliggende antagelsene.This thesis aims to determine the current value of Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the company's new business strategy. As an outcome of the pandemic, Norwegian has gone through a major restructuring, with a renewed focus on profitability rather than growth. This strategy was already implemented in 2019 but was interrupted by the impact of COVID-19. Even though the company accumulated substantial debt in previous years and reported negative financial results, the focus on profitability improved key financial numbers in 2019. However, this development lasted only one year, as travelling was severely impacted by travel restrictions and quarantine laws, bringing the aviation industry to a standstill. As a result, in a matter of weeks, Norwegian went from striving for profitability to relying on government support to survive the crisis. After many legal processes and restructuring, Norwegian ended 2022, being the first ordinary year, with positive financial results. Although the company has not yet fully recovered to its pre-pandemic state, it is actively seeking new growth opportunities and is committed to its turnaround strategy. Using available information and data, this thesis provides a value of Norwegian’s equity as of 21.04.2023 when the stock was valued at 10.01 on the Oslo Stock Exchange. Forecasting future cash flows and using the present value approach, we estimate the company's stock price to be 8.34 NOK. The value was then adjusted by the relative valuation which implied that our present value approach could be too optimistic. With the help of both the present value method and the relative valuation, we estimated the value to be 6.90 NOK. We conclude that the company is overvalued, and we advise selling the stock of Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA. At the same time, we want to emphasize that the valuation is susceptible to changes in the underlying assumptions

Verdsettelse av Norwegian Air Shuttle etter COVID-19

Denne oppgaven har som mål å bestemme den nåværende verdien av Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, med tanke på påvirkningen fra COVID-19-pandemien og selskapets nye forretningsstrategi. Som et resultat av pandemien har Norwegian gjennomgått en større omstrukturering, med en fornyet fokus på lønnsomhet heller enn vekst. Denne strategien ble allerede implementert i 2019, men ble avbrutt av COVID-19-påvirkningen. Selv om selskapet akkumulerte betydelig gjeld i tidligere år og rapporterte negative økonomiske resultater, forbedret fokus på lønnsomhet nøkkeltallene i 2019. Imidlertid varte denne utviklingen bare ett år, da reiseaktiviteten ble sterkt påvirket av reiserestriksjoner og karantene lover, og førte luftfarts industrien til et stopp.Som et resultat gikk Norwegian på få uker fra å streve for lønnsomhet til å være avhengig av statlig støtte for å overleve krisen. Etter mange juridiske prosesser og omstrukturering endte Norwegian år 2022 som det første vanlige året med positive økonomiske resultater. Selv om selskapet ennå ikke har kommet seg helt tilbake til sin tilstand før pandemien, søker det aktivt etter nye vekstmuligheter og er forpliktet til sin restrukturering. Ved å bruke tilgjengelig informasjon og data, gir denne oppgaven en verdi av Norwegian sin egenkapital per 21.04.2023 da aksjen ble verdsatt til 10.01 på Oslo Børs. Ved å prognostisere fremtidige kontantstrømmer og bruke nåverdien tilnærmingen, anslår vi selskapets aksjekurs til å være 8.34 NOK. Verdien ble deretter justert av den relative verdsettelsen, som antydet at vår nåverdi-tilnærming kunne være for optimistisk. Med hjelp av både nåverdi-metoden og den relative verdsettelsen, anslår vi verdien til å være 6.90 NOK. Vi konkluderer med at selskapet er overvpriset, og vi anbefaler å selge aksjen i Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA. Samtidig ønsker vi å understreke at verdsettelsen er utsatt for endringer i de underliggende antagelsene.This thesis aims to determine the current value of Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the company's new business strategy. As an outcome of the pandemic, Norwegian has gone through a major restructuring, with a renewed focus on profitability rather than growth. This strategy was already implemented in 2019 but was interrupted by the impact of COVID-19. Even though the company accumulated substantial debt in previous years and reported negative financial results, the focus on profitability improved key financial numbers in 2019. However, this development lasted only one year, as travelling was severely impacted by travel restrictions and quarantine laws, bringing the aviation industry to a standstill. As a result, in a matter of weeks, Norwegian went from striving for profitability to relying on government support to survive the crisis. After many legal processes and restructuring, Norwegian ended 2022, being the first ordinary year, with positive financial results. Although the company has not yet fully recovered to its pre-pandemic state, it is actively seeking new growth opportunities and is committed to its turnaround strategy. Using available information and data, this thesis provides a value of Norwegian’s equity as of 21.04.2023 when the stock was valued at 10.01 on the Oslo Stock Exchange. Forecasting future cash flows and using the present value approach, we estimate the company's stock price to be 8.34 NOK. The value was then adjusted by the relative valuation which implied that our present value approach could be too optimistic. With the help of both the present value method and the relative valuation, we estimated the value to be 6.90 NOK. We conclude that the company is overvalued, and we advise selling the stock of Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA. At the same time, we want to emphasize that the valuation is susceptible to changes in the underlying assumptions

Structural and mechanical properties of EN AW 6082 aluminum alloy produced by equal-channel angular pressing

At the VSB-TU Ostrava a piece of equipment was installed for verifying the equal-channel-angular-pressing (ECAP) technology, used for investigating the effect of deformation on the evolution of the structure and mechanical properties of alloy EN AW 6082. This alloy was subjected to ECAP consisting of four passes. During the pressing deformation forces were measured and the pressure in the die was calculated. Higher values of strain hardening were found and a higher pressure was measured in the matrix with smaller radii of the curvature of the edges. After the third pass, the tension in the matrix with a diameter of 0.5 mm reached the values of up to 1560 MPa. As a result of the extrusion, a grain refinement was achieved resulting in the development of a substructure. The ultimate strength of alloy EN AW 6082 was determined to be in the range from 220 MPa to 230 MPa. Moreover, a penetration test was performed, determining the values of the mechanical properties to be from 250 MPa to 260 MPa. The investigated samples were then subjected to light microscopy and to a SEM analysis. Numerous deformation slip bands were observed. Fracture surfaces resulting from a transcrystalline permanent ductile failure manifested indistinctive shearing borders, and they contained numerous pits with small particles.Web of Science48695895

Izkovki iz magnezijevih zlitin za avtomobilsko industrijo

The paper presents an investigation of the effect of process variables and material condition on the forgeability of magnesium wrought alloys of the Mg-Al-Zn group. The experimental work included the studies of forging capabilities of the alloys in open-die forging at hot- and warm-working temperatures. Forging tests were performed for the material in both the as-cast and as-worked conditions, for two variants of the work-piece geometry. Different variants of the work piece indicated fracturerelated problems in forging magnesium alloys in the warm-working temperature mode, which involved an interaction between the material composition and process variables, and the state of stress. By means of numerical calculations it was concluded that, in addition to the material condition, the favourable state of stress, provided by a closed die, could greatly improve the formability of magnesium alloys in the warm-working range.Web of Science49227326

Zatrudnienie w przedsiębiorstwach bezpośredniego inwestowania w Polsce w warunkach międzynarodowego kryzysu gospodarczego

The experience of credit crunch and its far-reaching consequences have cast a shadow on foreign direct investment, which is considered one of the key solutions to the problem of unemployment. Along with falling international FDI flows, 2008 saw a decrease in importance of highly-developed countries as recipients of FDI. This paper analyses the stability of vacancies created by transnational corporations in Poland, aiming to assess whether policies focused on attracting FDI prove fruitful in times of economic volatility, cutting costs and axing jobs. And if so, then which regions of Poland succeed in retaining vacancies while others do not manage to compete against the emerging markets? The findings presented in the article might thus support or, alternatively, undermine policies of attracting FDI at the cost of losing incomes from tax and disadvantaging local entrepreneurs in their efforts to acquire highly-qualified labour