41 research outputs found

    Impact of graft loss among kidney diseases with a high risk of post-transplant recurrence in the paediatric population

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    Background Some kidney diseases tend to recur in the renal allograft after transplantation. We studied the risk of graft loss among primary renal diseases known for their high risk of recurrence and compared it with that of patients with hypoplasia and/or dysplasia. Methods Within the European Society of Paediatric Nephrology and European Renal Association and European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ESPN/ERA-EDTA) registry, we studied children from 33 countries who received a kidney transplant before the age of 20 between 1990 and 2009. Patients were censored after 5 years of follow-up and cumulative incidence competing risk analysis was used to calculate survival curves. Results Patients with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type I or II (MPGN), IgA nephropathy or Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP/IgA) or systemic lupus erythomatosus (SLE) underwent pre-emptive transplantation significantly less often than patients with hypoplasia and/or dysplasia. The rate of living donation was lower among patients with FSGS and SLE than in patients with hypoplasia and/or dysplasia. In comparison with hypoplasia and/or dysplasia patients with a risk of 14.4%, the 5-year risk of graft loss was significantly increased in patients with FSGS (25.7%) and MPGN (32.4%) while it was not significantly increased in children with HUS (18.9%), HSP/IgA (16.3%) or SLE (20.3%). One-year graft survival strongly improved among HUS patients from 17.1% in 1995-1999 to 3.6% in 2005-2009 and was not accompanied by a decrease in the number of transplantations. Conclusion The risk of graft loss is increased among specific causes of renal failure with a high risk of post-transplant recurrence. It seems likely that, due to anticipation of such risk, physicians perform less pre-emptive transplantation and provide fewer grafts from living related donors in patients with these conditions. Improved risk stratification by physicians, resulting in the identification of patients with HUS at higher or lower risk of recurrence, might explain the much improved graft survival rate

    Mutational analysis of the PLCE1 gene in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome

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    International audienceBackground: Mutations in the PLCE1 gene encoding phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCΔ1) have been recently described in patients with early-onset nephrotic syndrome (NS) and diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS). In addition, two cases of PLCE1 mutations associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and later NS onset have been reported. Methods: In order to better assess the spectrum of phenotypes associated with PLCE1 mutations, we performed mutational analysis in a worldwide cohort of 139 patients (95 familial cases belonging to 68 families and 44 sporadic cases) with steroid-resistant NS presenting at a median age of 23.0 months (range 0-373). Results: We identified homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in 33% (8/24) of DMS cases. PLCE1 mutations were found in 8% (6/78) of FSGS cases without NPHS2 mutations. Nine were novel mutations. No clear genotype-phenotype correlation was observed, with either truncating or missense mutations detected in both DMS and FSGS, and leading to a similar renal evolution. Surprisingly, 3 unaffected and unrelated individuals were also found to carry the homozygous mutations identified in their respective families. Conclusion: PLCE1 is a major gene of DMS and is mutated in a non-negligible proportion of FSGS cases without NPHS2 mutations. Although we did not identify additional variants in 19 candidate genes (16 other PLC genes, BRAF, IQGAP1 and NPHS1), we speculate that other modifier genes or environmental factors may play a role in the renal phenotype variability observed in individuals bearing PLCE1 mutations. This observation needs to be considered in the genetic counselling offered to patients

    Insuffisance rénale terminale avant l ùge de 2 ans (épidémiologie, modalités de traitement et devenir)

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    L Insuffisance rĂ©nale terminale (IRT) est rare chez le nourrisson, et de prise en charge plus difficile que chez les enfants plus ĂągĂ©s. MalgrĂ© les progrĂšs rĂ©alisĂ©s en matiĂšre de supplĂ©ance rĂ©nale chez les enfants, les risques de morbiditĂ© et mortalitĂ© restent Ă©levĂ©s en particulier chez les plus jeunes, dont la corpulence limite l utilisation de certaines techniques. Du fait de la raretĂ© de cette atteinte, elle est peu Ă©tudiĂ©e. Ce travail rĂ©trospectif sur une durĂ©e de 22 ans (1988-2010) rapporte le suivi au long cours de 24 patients (17 garçons et 7 filles) dont l IRT a dĂ©butĂ© avant l Ăąge de 2 ans. L Ăąge au diagnostic de la maladie rĂ©nale primitive est de 0,5 mois, Ă  l IRT il est de 7 mois, le poids de 7 kg, la durĂ©e du suivi est de 6,8 ans (mĂ©dianes). La supplĂ©ance rĂ©nale et la prise en charge globale associĂ©e ont eu lieu au sein de l hĂŽpital R. DebrĂ© Ă  Paris. Les maladies rĂ©nales primitives sont surtout hĂ©rĂ©ditaires, 9 patients ont un syndrome nĂ©phrotique infantile, 5 ont une hyperoxalurie primitive, 2 ont un SHU atypique, 3 une atteinte kystique. A l opposĂ©, 5 patients ont une hypodysplasie rĂ©nale avec uropathie associĂ©e. La premiĂšre modalitĂ© de traitement a Ă©tĂ© l hĂ©modialyse (HD) dans 54% des cas, la dialyse pĂ©ritonĂ©ale (DP) dans 46% des cas. En tout, 92%des patients ont eu de l HD (durĂ©e mĂ©diane 20 mois). Parmi eux, 86% l ont eur sur cathĂ©ter veineux central, dont 60% ont prĂ©sentĂ© des infections liĂ©es au cathĂ©ter. L HD sur une fistule artĂ©rio-veineuse (FAV) a Ă©tĂ© possible pour 41% des hĂ©modialysĂ©s, avec 36% de complications. Une patiente a dĂ» passer de l HD Ă  la DP. En tout 58% des patients ont eu une DP (durĂ©e mĂ©diane 4,5 mois), dont 50% ont prĂ©sentĂ© des complications, et 64% ont dĂ» changer de modalitĂ©. La transplantation rĂ©nale a Ă©tĂ© possible pour 71% des patients (86,5% de survie du greffon Ă  5 ans), 6/19 transplantations ont Ă©chouĂ©. Les scores de dĂ©viation standard (mĂ©dians) Ă©taient de -1,5 pour le poids et la taille au diagnostic de l IRT (7 mois), de -1 et -1,7 au moment de la transplantation (2,9 ans), et de -0,75 et -1,5 en fin de suivi (7,6 ans). Tous les patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d un support nutritionnel incluant une nutrition entĂ©rale, et tous sauf 1 (dĂ©cĂ©dĂ© avant 1 an) d un traitement par hormone de croissance. Six patients dont 5 porteurs de lourdes comorbiditĂ©s sont dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s Ă  l Ăąge de 2,7 ans, l Ăąge en fin de suivi est de 9,5 ans (mĂ©dians). La survie globale est de 85% Ă  5 ans du diagnostic avec une insertion satisfaisante dans la plupart des cas. MalgrĂ© les difficultĂ©s liĂ©es aux particularitĂ©s des nourrissons en IRT, tous les patients ont pu bĂ©nĂ©ficier d un traitement efficace. Les comorbiditĂ©s sont la principale cause de morbiditĂ© et mortalitĂ©, alors que les enfants atteints de dysplasies rĂ©nales et uropathies ont un pronostic similaire Ă  celui des enfants plus ĂągĂ©s atteints d IRT. Des Ă©tudes Ă  plus grande Ă©chelle devraient permettre d adapter les recommandations actuelles Ă  la prise en charge des nourrissons.PARIS6-Bibl.PitiĂ©-SalpĂȘtrie (751132101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    SHU aigu post-diarrhéique de l'enfant (état de la fonction rénale 20 ans aprÚs)

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    PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Transition de soins de l’enfance et de l’adolescence Ă  l’ñge adulte en nĂ©phrologie

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    Pour un jeune adulte atteint d’une maladie chronique, le passage de la mĂ©decine pĂ©diatrique Ă  la mĂ©decine pour adultes est une Ă©tape dĂ©licate, avec un risque Ă©levĂ© de mauvaise adhĂ©sion thĂ©rapeutique et de perte de suivi, dont les consĂ©quences peuvent ĂȘtre dramatiques. Une meilleure connaissance de ces risques a conduit, depuis une dizaine d’annĂ©es, Ă  une forte mobilisation des pĂ©diatres et des Ă©quipes mĂ©dicales pour adultes. La notion de transition de soins enfant-adulte se substitue au simple transfert. La transition est un processus par Ă©tapes, durant plusieurs annĂ©es, qui vise Ă  prĂ©parer un adolescent Ă  devenir un jeune adulte autonome et responsable de sa maladie, et qui inclut un accompagnement aprĂšs le changement d’équipe du suivi mĂ©dical. Les maladies rĂ©nales chroniques ayant dĂ©butĂ© dans l’enfance ont une rĂ©partition Ă©tiologique bien diffĂ©rente de celles qui surviennent Ă  l’ñge adulte, et ce sont souvent des maladies rares bĂ©nĂ©ficiant des filiĂšres de soin spĂ©cifiques. C’est surtout pour l’insuffisance rĂ©nale sĂ©vĂšre et, singuliĂšrement, pour les jeunes transplantĂ©s que se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s des programmes de transition. Nous dĂ©crivons dans cet article les principales recommandations et les programmes existant actuellement

    Perspectives sur le programme de dons croisés de reins en France

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    International audienceBeaucoup de pays, dont la France, font face Ă  une augmentation importante du nombre de patients atteints d’une maladie rĂ©nale en attente d’une greffe. La pĂ©nurie de greffons rĂ©naux a amenĂ© certains pays Ă  dĂ©velopper des programmes dits de dons croisĂ©s. Ces programmes permettent Ă  des patients ne trouvant que des donneurs incompatibles d’ â€œĂ©changer” leurs donneurs afin d’obtenir un greffon compatible. En France, le nombre de greffes additionnelles que ce programme a permis d’obtenir est extrĂȘmement limitĂ©. Une des raisons principales de cette faible performance est le cadre lĂ©gal trĂšs strict encadrant les dons croisĂ©s. A titre d’exemple, la loi stipule qu’un Ă©change ne peut avoir lieu qu’entre deux paires de patients / donneurs.Dans son rapport de synthĂšse de juin 2018, le comitĂ© consultatif national d’éthique mentionne des pistes de rĂ©formes du programme de dons croisĂ©s. Le projet de loi sur la rĂ©vision de la loi de bioĂ©thique devrait ĂȘtre prĂ©sentĂ© par le gouvernement dans les prochains mois. Il nous a donc semblĂ© important d’évaluer l’impact, en termes de nombre de greffes, que pourrait avoir une modification de la loi si elle autorisait des pratiques plus souples au sein du programme de dons croisĂ©s.Augmenter le nombre de paires patients / donneurs autorisĂ©es Ă  ĂȘtre impliquĂ©es dans un Ă©change semble, Ă  premiĂšre vue, un levier efficace pour augmenter le nombre de greffes rĂ©alisĂ©es mais nous montrons que l’impact d’une telle disposition reste modeste. Une autre piste, qui a fait ses preuves dans d’autres pays, existe : l’autorisation de “chaĂźnes de dons”. Nous montrons qu’autoriser des chaĂźnes de dons, initiĂ©es par des donneurs dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s, mĂȘme Ă  des frĂ©quences modestes, permet de plus que tripler le nombre de greffes

    Outlook on the Kidney Paired Donation Program in France

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    International audienceMany countries, including France, have seen a sharp increase in the number of renal disease patients waiting for a transplant. The shortage of kidney transplants has led some countries to develop “paired donation” programmes, which allow patients who can only find incompatible living donors to “swap” donors in order to receive a compatible transplant. In France, the number of additional transplants obtained through this programme is very limited, due in large part to the strict legal framework governing paired donations. For example, the law stipulates that an exchange can only take place between two patient / donor pairs. In its June 2018 summary report, the French National Consultative Ethics Committee (CCNE) lays out avenues to reform the paired donation programme. The French government is expected to present a draft law on revision of the bioethics law in the coming months. It therefore struck us as important to assess the potential effect on transplant numbers if the law were changed to authorise more exible practices in the paired donation programme. On the face of things, increasing the number of patient / donor pairs allowed to take part in an exchange seems like a good way of generating more transplants, but we show that this measure has only a modest impact. A different approach, which has proven effective in other countries, is to allow “donation chains”. We show that allowing donation chains that begin with deceased donors, even at modest frequency, can more than triple the number of transplants

    Pharmacokinetics of the S(+) and R(−) enantiomers of vigabatrin during chronic dosing in a patient with renal failure

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    Aims To study the pharmacokinetics of vigabatrin in a patient affected with tuberous sclerosis who developed major agitation and aggression, while receiving vigabatrin orally (1.5 g every 12 h) and in whom impaired renal function was diagnosed

    Rituximab efficiency in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome

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    International audienceAlthough most patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) respond to steroid treatment, development of steroid dependency may require a long-term multidrug therapy including steroid and calcineurin inhibitor. Rituximab was shown to allow a reduction of the doses of steroid and immunosuppressive drugs in those patients. In the present series, 22 patients with steroid-sensitive, but steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome were treated with rituximab. Rituximab reduced B cell count down to an undetectable level in all patients. A second treatment was necessary in 18 patients in order to maintain B cell depletion for up to 18 months. B cell depletion lasted 4.9 to 26 months (mean 17.2 months). At last follow-up, 9 patients were in remission without oral steroid or calcineurin inhibitor, although B cell count had recovered for 2.9 to 17 months (mean 9.5 months). A remission under ongoing B cell depletion was observed in 10 other patients in the absence of oral steroid or calcineurin inhibitor. Rituximab failed in 2 patients and 1 refused any additional treatment, despite B cell recovery and relapse. Toxicity of rituximab was limited to reversible cytokine shock in 2 patients and reversible neutropenia in 1 patient. No severe infection was observed

    Benefits of kidney transplantation for a national cohort of patients aged 70 years and older starting renal replacement therapy

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    International audienceOur objectives were to evaluate kidney transplantation survival benefit in people aged ≄70 who were receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) and to identify their risk factors for posttransplant mortality. This study included all patients in the national French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network registry who started RRT between 2002 and 2013 at age ≄70. Mortality risk was compared between patients with transplants; on the waiting list; and on dialysis matched for age, gender, comorbidities, and time on dialysis. Of the 41 716 elderly patients starting RRT, 1219 (2.9%) were on the waiting list and 877 (2.1%) underwent transplantation during the follow-up. Until month 3, transplant patients had a risk of death triple that of the wait-listed group. Although the risk was halved at month 9, the perioperative risk was still not offset by month 36. Compared with matched dialysis patients (n = 2183), transplant patients were not at significantly increased perioperative risk and had a lower mortality risk starting at month 3. Risk factors for posttransplant mortality were diabetes, cardiovascular comorbidities, and dialysis duration >2 years. Among older dialysis patients, 20% had neither cardiovascular comorbidity nor diabetes. Systematic early assessment of the eligibility of elderly patients for kidney transplantation is recommended to expand registration to patients with poor survival on dialysis and no cardiovascular comorbidity
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