Criminalidade transnacional

O que diferencia a espécie humana das outras espécies, que se satisfazem com a sobrevivência e reprodução, é a ambição e luta pelo poder. Foi esta luta que enformou toda a história da espécie humana e das relações estabelecidas coletivamente. O poder é um acontecimento multifacetado omnipresente em todas as relações sociais e humanas. Por isso, a agressão e a violência acompanharam a evolução humana, que se manifestou impiedosamente contra as outras espécies e contra membros da própria espécie. A luta pela sobrevivência e domínio do habitat refinou tais características, permitindo-lhe chegar até à atualidade. Só os mais fortes, agressivos, violentos, hábeis e que melhor se adaptaram aos diversos ambientes conseguiram sobreviver. Também aprendeu a domar os instintos agressivos e violentos, ajustando-se a cada contexto, sem contudo erradicar as suas raízes, responsáveis pela sua sobrevivência biológica. O percurso da espécie humana foi de luta permanente, o que lhe temperou a faceta de Homo violens. Contudo, raras vezes se refere essa característica, sendo mais comuns as de Homo faber, Homo sapiens, Homo religiosus, Homo economicus, Homo politicus, et

A collaborative approach for spam detection

Electronic mail is nowadays one of the most important Internet networking services. However, there are still many challenges that should be faced in order to provide a better e-mail service quality, such as the growing dissemination of unsolicited e-mail (spam) over the Internet. This work aims to foster new research efforts giving ground to the development of novel collaborative approaches to deal with spam proliferation. Using the proposed system, which is able to complement other anti-spam solutions, end-users are allowed to share and combine spam filters in a flexible way, increasing the accuracy and resilience levels of anti-spam techniques.(undefined

Importance of the Main Agribusiness Products to the Brazilian Economy

The performance of the agribusiness sector has significantly contributed to the consolidation of the Brazilian economy, which is currently the sixth largest in the world. The sector is responsible for 27% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Moreover, it also accounts for nearly 40% of the values generated in the export and employs around 26% of the economically active population of the country. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss updated information regarding the importance of the main products of the agribusiness sector to the Brazilian economy. Special attention was given to the beef and soybean chain. The perspective and challenges of the sector are briefly presented

Intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide injections in hands osteoarthritis ‒ A double-blinded randomized controlled trial with a one year follow-up

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) Intra-Articular Injection (IAI) in hand Interphalangeal Joints (IP) of Osteoarthritis (OA) patients to improve pain and joint swelling; improve function, goniometry, and grasping force, and assess IAI influence on radiographic evolution over 1-year. Methods: A randomized, double-blind study. 60 patients who underwent IAI at the most symptomatic IP joint were randomly assigned to receive TH+Lidocaine (LD) (TH/LD group) or just LD (LD group). Patients were assessed blindly for 1-year, at baseline and 1, 4, 8, 12, and 48 weeks. The following variables were assessed: articular pain and swelling, AUSCAN and COCHIN functional questionnaires, grip and pinch strength, goniometry, perception of improvement, acetaminophen consumption, and simple radiography. Repeated-measures ANOVA test was used to analyze the intervention response. Results: Sixty patients completed the follow-up. There were nine missed assessments. 97% were women; mean age of 61-years (SD = 8.2), and approximately 5-years of disease (SD = 3.6). Half of the patients present radiographic classification Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grades I and II, and the other half grades III and IV. The two groups evolved similarly at 48-weeks. TH/LD group had a better evaluation in joint swelling and acetaminophen consumption (p = 0.04 and p < 0.001, respectively) at 48-weeks. Radiographically there was no statistical difference between groups (KL, p = 0.564; erosive OA, p = 0.999; worsening, p = 0.573). Conclusion: The IAI IP hands OA is effective for the improvement of joint swelling and decrease of analgesic consumption and does not influence the radiographic evolution of the injected joint

Sítios Paleontológicos das Bacias do Rio do Peixe: Georreferenciamento, Diagnóstico de Vulnerabilidade e Medidas de Proteção

The abandoned state and depredation of the paleontological geosites at the Rio do Peixe basins have been for some time a reason for concern to authorities and the society. Removal of sand from the Monumento Natural Vale dos Dinossauros Park and removal of fossils from sites catalogued by SIGEP (Comissão Brasileira de Sítios Geológicos e Paleobiológicos) have been made public and recognized through this study. The aims of this paper are to: georeference the paleontological sites from the Rio do Peixe basins, provide a diagnostic of vunerability for these sites, and establish proposals for protection measures. Ten field work were carried out, in 2008 and 2009, by the technicians from DNPM. Besides a georeferenced map of the paleontological sites from the Rio do Peixe basins, nine factors that strongly contribute for the vulnerability of the sites were defined, the main ones being the natural action of weathering and the antropic action. Most of the studied sites have medium to high vulnerability degree. The most vulnerable site are: Pedregulho, Piau/Caiçara, Várzea dos Ramos, Lagoa dos Patos, Cabra Assada, and Matadouro. Currently, Matadouro Site can be considered a completely destroyed, being, its recovery no longer possible. Ten protection measures were proposed for these paleontological sites.O estado de abandono e depredação dos sítios paleontológicos das bacias do Rio do Peixe é motivo de preocupação para as autoridades e para a sociedade há algum tempo. Denúncias foram feitas e constatadas, tanto de extração de areia no Parque Monumento Natural Vale dos Dinossauros quanto de retiradas de fósseis de sítios cadastrados pela SIGEP (Comissão Brasileira de Sítios Geológicos e Paleobiológicos). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo georreferenciar os sítios paleontológicos das bacias do Rio do Peixe, definir um diagnóstico de vulnerabilidade desses sítios e estabelecer propostas para medidas de proteção. Foram realizadas dez etapas de trabalhos de campo, nos anos de 2008 e 2009, com o revezamento de técnicos do DNPM. Além de um mapa georreferenciado, com os sítios paleontológicos das bacias do Rio do Peixe, foram definidos nove fatores que contribuem mais acentuadamente para a vulnerabilidade dos sítios, sendo que a ação natural do intemperismo e a ação antrópica são os dois principais. A maioria dos sítios estudados possui vulnerabilidade de média a alta, sendo que os sítios com maior vulnerabilidade são: Pedregulho, Piau/Caiçara, Várzea dos Ramos, Lagoa dos Patos, Cabra Assada e Matadouro. Entre eles, atualmente, o Sítio Matadouro pode ser considerado como um sítio destruído, não sendo possível a sua recuperação. Dez propostas foram estabelecidas como medidas de proteção desses sítios paleontológicos

Entre consumos suntuários e comuns: a posse de objetos exóticos entre alguns habitantes do Porto (séculos XVI – XVII)

O estudo da documentação referente aos doadores da Misericórdia do Porto entre os séculos XVI e XVII, através dos objetos exóticos patentes nos respectivos testamentos e inven- tários – estes últimos provenientes de uma área que se estende de Macau ao Brasil –, permite discernir uma panóplia de objetos que mudaram a cultura material dos portuenses em contato com os territórios da expansão portuguesa. Um levantamento sistemático permitiu já rastrear, até o ano de 1699, 257 doadores, dos quais se apresentarão aqui apenas alguns, referentes a benfeitores que, não obstante possuírem bens móveis nesse âmbito, não são dados como tendo estado nos territórios de expansão transoceânica. Argumentar-se-á que essa circulação de objetos não foi exclusiva das elites nobiliárquicas, nem dos grandes centros urbanos, pelo que a sua difusão atingiu maiores proporções do que aquelas que a historiografia tem admitido até agora. A cidade em observação neste estudo – o Porto dos séculos XVI e XVII – estava longe de ser das maiores da Europa nesse período, quer em dimensão territorial, quer em efetivos populacionais, embora se situasse numa região de demografia pujante, que canalizou os seus excedentes desde cedo para a emigração interna e externa – o Entre Douro e Minho. Como teremos ocasião de verificar, fidalgos e nobres possuíam bens exóticos, mas estes encontravam-se também entre mercadores e até artesãos mais desafogados. Por outro lado, nem todos os objetos provenientes dos espaços da expansão transoceânica devem ser conotados com bens de luxo.The study of the sources referring to the donors of the Misericórdia of the city of Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has revealed the presence of numerous exotic objects in their last wills and inventories. A survey has traced 257 donors until 1699, some of them having died in an area that extends from Macao to Brazil. Only a small number of cases shall be presented here, pertaining to benefactors who, in spite of owning objects of transoceanic origin, seem to have remained in mainland Portugal. It shall be argued that the circulation of objects has not been exclusive either to the elites of the nobility or to the large urban centres, their diffusion having been on a larger scale than what has been admitted until now. The city under scrutiny in this study – Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries – was not one of the bigger cities in this period, either in what respects to size or population, although it was located in an area of flourishing demography, that channelled its surplus population early on to internal and external emigration. Fidalgos and noblemen owned exotic goods, but these were to be found among merchants and even well-to-do artisans. On the other hand, not all objects originating from the areas of transoceanic expansion should be considered as luxury goods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

Sem informação113478788

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Importance of the Main Agribusiness Products to the Brazilian Economy

Brazilian economy, which is currently the sixth largest in the world. The sector is responsible for 27% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Moreover, it also accounts for nearly 40% of the values generated in the export and employs around 26% of the economically active population of the country. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss updated information regarding the importance of the main products of the agribusiness sector to the Brazilian economy. Special attention was given to the beef and soybean chain. The perspective and challenges of the sector are briefly presented