Recomendações gerais para limpeza e sanitização: medidas simples e eficazes no combate ao novo coronavírus

A pandemia provocada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) impulsiona pesquisadores de todo o mundo na busca por medicamentos e vacina, e enquanto esses objetivos não são alcançados, as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) baseiam-se em manter distanciamento social, quarentena aos casos aplicáveis, rastreamento, testagens dos contatos e na difusão das práticas de higiene para minimizar a transmissão do vírus. Estas práticas incluem, dentre outras, limpeza e higienização das mãos, de superfícies, das roupas, da casa e ambientes de trabalho (OMS, 2020a). Desde o aumento do número de casos da COVID-19 no Brasil, houve uma corrida da população à busca do álcool em gel, levando a um aumento considerável da demanda, a escassez do produto no comércio e a elevação do seu preço, amplamente divulgados pela mídia (CORREIA, 2020). Todavia, o álcool em gel não é o único agente sanitizante. Álcool, detergente (ou qualquer produto tensoativo como os sabonetes) e hipoclorito de sódio são os sanitizantes mais comumente encontrados nas residências. A escolha do agente é um passo crítico no processo de prevenção e controle da disseminação da COVID-19, pois é necessário que o produto consiga inativar o vírus de forma eficiente, bem como não cause danos à saúde da população ou ao meio-ambiente (WILD, 2017)

Desenvolvimento de duas formulações base de cerveja estilo sour empregando kefir e kombucha na fermentação / Development of two sour beer basic formulations using kefir and kombucha for fermentation

Dentre os diversos estilos de cerveja produzidos, as cervejas ácidas (sour beer) tem atraído o interesse de consumidores devido ao seu frescor promovido pela acidez geralmente desenvolvida pelo emprego de lactobacilos na fermentação. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou desenvolver duas formulações base para cervejas estilo sour utilizando colônias de kefir e kombucha durante a co-fermentação do mosto cervejeiro –  além da levedura cervejeira. As duas formulações obtidas foram investigadas quanto aos seus parâmetros físico-químicos e se encontraram em acordo com os padrões brasileiros e com o estilo sour; também foi realizada análise sensorial. A formulação obtida com kefir apresentou teor alcoólico = 4,9 % (v/v), pH = 4,2 e acidez total = 2,3 g/L e suas notas médias de aceitação foi de 7,3 e de intenção de compra de 4,1. Já a formulação obtida com kombucha apresentou um teor alcoólico levemente menor (4,2 %, v/v), menor pH (3,7) e maior acidez (3,3 g/L) e suas notas média de aceitação sensorial foi de 6,8 e de intenção de compra de 3,6. Estes resultados são promissores para o desenvolvimento de formulações sensorialmente diferenciadas e potencialmente mais benéficas à saúde, devido a utilização das culturas de kefir e kombucha.  

Dynamics and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing on symptomatic individuals attending healthcare centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil

RT-PCR testing data provides opportunities to explore regional and individual determinants of test positivity and surveillance infrastructure. Using Generalized Additive Models, we explored 222,515 tests of a random sample of individuals with COVID-19 compatible symptoms in the Brazilian state of Bahia during 2020. We found that age and male gender were the most significant determinants of test positivity. There was evidence of an unequal impact among socio-demographic strata, with higher positivity among those living in areas with low education levels during the first epidemic wave, followed by those living in areas with higher education levels in the second wave. Our estimated probability of testing positive after symptom onset corroborates previous reports that the probability decreases with time, more than halving by about two weeks and converging to zero by three weeks. Test positivity rates generally followed state-level reported cases, and while a single laboratory performed ~90% of tests covering ~99% of the state's area, test turn-around time generally remained below four days. This testing effort is a testimony to the Bahian surveillance capacity during public health emergencies, as previously witnessed during the recent Zika and Yellow Fever outbreaks

Síndrome de Alport: Alport syndrome

Introdução: Síndrome de Alport (SA) é uma doença hereditária caracterizada por nefropatia hemorrágica familiar, surdez neurossensorial e alterações oculares. Sua patologia está relacionada a mutações nos genes COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5 os quais são responsáveis por codificar síntese do colágeno tipo IV, que é essencial para a formação da membrana basal de diversos órgãos. Apresentação do caso: 23 ANOS, sexo masculino, natural do Rio de Janeiro - RJ, procurou atendimento médico com queixa de hipoacusia bilateral, diminuição da acuidade visual e edema progressivo de membros inferiores. Discussão: sua clínica é composta por manifestações renais como hematúria e/ou proteinúria, que com o tempo evoluem para falência renal; manifestações oculares, como lentecone anterior, catarata, “flecks” na retina, nistagmo e miopia; e manifestações auditivas nas quais ocorrem o desenvolvimento de perda auditiva neurossensorial de alta frequência.O diagnóstico da síndrome é suspeitado quando existem familiares com histórico de insuficiência renal, surdez e perda visual. Em 15% dos casos, não há histórico familiar associado, sendo necessária a realização de biópsia renal. Conclusão: quando o prognóstico do paciente é desfavorável, é necessário um adequado suporte clínico em medidas preventivas e terapêuticas, tanto farmacológicas quanto dietéticas, para que se possa retardar as complicações, principalmente a piora da função renal e uma necessidade de diálise ou até mesmo transplante dos rins

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Management of the Vertical Dimension in the Camouflage Treatment of an Adult Skeletal Class III Malocclusion

Treating skeletal class III malocclusions is one of the biggest challenges in Orthodontics. Given the complexity of these cases, orthognathic surgery is often the best treatment option. However, many patients refuse this treatment due to its risks, morbidity, and costs involved. Alternatively, dental compensation can be planned for some of these skeletal problems. This case report presents a dentoalveolar compensation in the orthodontic treatment of a 20-year-old female patient with class III malocclusion, concave profile, anterior crossbite, mandibular prognathism, maxillary retrusion, and a vertical deficiency in the posterior region. Treatment planning involved a multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW) associated with intermaxillary elastics with counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane in the posterior region of the maxilla aiming at obtaining an increased posterior vertical dimension. After 24 months of treatment, the severe anterior crossbite was corrected, and the skeletal class III relationship was camouflaged. At the end of the orthodontic treatment, it was possible to observe an improved facial profile, a nice smile, and a functional occlusion. The results remained stable at a three-year follow-up. The MEAW, associated with the use of elastics, seems to be an effective treatment option for class III camouflage with reduced posterior vertical dimension with no need for additional anchoring devices but requiring adequate bending of wires and patient compliance