Biphasic calcium phosphate biomaterials: Stem Cell-derived Osteoinduction or In-vivo Osteoconduction? Novel insights in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by advanced Imaging

none11noMaxillary sinus augmentation is often necessary prior to implantology procedure, in particular in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. In this context, bone substitute biomaterials made of biphasic calcium phosphates, produced by three-dimensional additive manufacturing were shown to be highly biocompatible with an efficient osteoconductivity, especially when combined with cell-based tissue engineering. Thus, in the present research, osteoinduction and osteoconduction properties of biphasic calcium-phosphate constructs made by direct rapid prototyping and engineered with ovine-derived amniotic epithelial cells or amniotic fluid cells were evaluated. More in details, this preclinical study was performed using adult sheep targeted to receive scaffold alone (CTR), oAFSMC, or oAEC engineered constructs. The grafted sinuses were explanted at 90 days and a cross-linked experimental approach based on Synchrotron Radiation microCT and histology analysis was performed on the complete set of samples. The study, performed taking into account the distance from native surrounding bone, demonstrated that no significant differences occurred in bone regeneration between oAEC-, oAFMSC-cultured, and Ctr samples and that there was a predominant action of the osteoconduction versus the stem cells osteo-induction. Indeed, it was proven that the newly formed bone amount and distribution decreased from the side of contact scaffold/native bone toward the bulk of the scaffold itself, with almost constant values of morphometric descriptors in volumes more than 1 mm from the border.openGiovanna Iezzi, Antonio Scarano, Luca Valbonetti, Serena Mazzoni, Michele Furlani, Carlo Mangano, Aurelio Muttini, Mario Raspanti, Barbara Barboni, Adriano Piattelli, Alessandra GiulianiIezzi, Giovanna; Scarano, Antonio; Valbonetti, Luca; Mazzoni, Serena; Furlani, Michele; Mangano, Carlo; Muttini, Aurelio; Raspanti, Mario; Barboni, Barbara; Piattelli, Adriano; Giuliani, Alessandr

Effect of electric current stimulation in combination with external fixator on bone healing in a sheep fracture model

Biophysical stimulations with electric and electromagnetic fields have been demonstrated to accelerate the bone-healing rate. This study has been designed to investigate the effects of electricity directly connected with the central pins of an external fixator in an experimental osteotomy model in sheep. Thirty mg/kg of tetracycline chloride were administered on the 30th and on the 45th day after surgery for histomorphometric studies. Plain radiographs were obtained in standard projections every 15 days after surgery and were analyzed with a software program (Corel Photo-Paint Pro X2, Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada). The specimens obtained after 60 days were examined with histological analysis. The results show that biophysical treatment with alternating electricity in combination with external fixator enhances new-bone formation. The translational value of this study, due to the similarities between ovine and human species, suggests that this treatment could be useful in speeding the bone-healing rate both in animals and humans

Biosynthesis and physico-chemical characterization of high performing peptide hydrogels@graphene oxide composites

: Hydrogels based on short peptide molecules are interesting biomaterials with wide present and prospective use in biotechnologies. A well-known possible drawback of these materials can be their limited mechanical performance. In order to overcome this problem, we prepared Fmoc-Phe3self-assembling peptides by a biocatalytic approach, and we reinforced the hydrogel with graphene oxide nanosheets. The formulation here proposed confers to the hydrogel additional physicochemical properties without hampering peptide self-assembly. We investigated in depth the effect of nanocarbon morphology on hydrogel properties (i.e. morphology, viscoelastic properties, stiffness, resistance to an applied stress). In view of further developments towards possible clinical applications, we have preliminarily tested the biocompatibility of the composites. Our results showed that the innovative hydrogel composite formulation based on FmocPhe3 and GO is a biomaterial with improved mechanical properties that appears suitable for the development of biotechnological applications

M1 and M2 macrophage recruitment during tendon regeneration induced by amniotic epithelial cell allotransplantation in ovine

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Effect of electric current stimulation in combination with external fixator on bone healing in a sheep fracture model

Biophysical stimulations with electric and electromagnetic fields have been demonstrated to accelerate the bone-healing rate. This study has been designed to investigate the effects of electricity directly connected with the central pins of an external fixator in an experimental osteotomy model in sheep. Thirty mg/kg of tetracycline chloride were administered on the 30th and on the 45th day after surgery for histomorphometric studies. Plain radiographs were obtained in standard projections every 15 days after surgery and were analyzed with a software program (Corel Photo-Paint Pro X2, Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada). The specimens obtained after 60 days were examined with histological analysis. The results show that biophysical treatment with alternating electricity in combination with external fixator enhances new-bone formation. The translational value of this study, due to the similarities between ovine and human species, suggests that this treatment could be useful in speeding the bone-healing rate both in animals and humans

CLINICA CHIRURGICA DEL CAVALLO E DEL BOVINO

In questa monografia vengono prese in considerazione le principali patologie e sindromi di interesse chirurgico del cavallo e del bovino. Il libro è suddiviso in 5 capitoli riguardanti: l'apparato respiratorio, locomotore digerente e miscellanea. Un ulteriore capitolo è dedicato alla disgnostica per immagini di interesse chirurgico. Accanto alla descrizione delle forme patologiche è fornita un'ampia descrizione delle metodiche semiologiche utili alla definizione della diagnosi [...