PEMENUHAN HAK PENDIDIKAN PENYANDANG DISABILITAS MELALUI PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

Hak dasar warga negara Indonesia untuk memperoleh pendidikan bagi penyandang disabilitas terdapat dalam Pasal 32 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional yang menyatakan bahwa pendidikan khusus kepada peserta didik yang memiliki tingkat kesulitan dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran karena kelainan fisik, emosional, mental, sosial, dan/atau memiliki potensi kecerdasan dan bakat istimewa. Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah bagaimana kewajiban hukum pemerintah kota banda aceh untuk memenuhi hak pendidikan penyandang disabilitas, dan bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif di sekolah kota banda aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan kewajiban hukum pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh untuk memenuhi pendidikan inklusif serta pelaksanaannya pada sekolah di kota banda aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Jenis data penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa buku-buku, Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penyandang Disabilitas, Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak, Qanun Aceh Nomor 11 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan, Peraturan Gubernur Aceh Nomor 92 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif. Adapun data primer diperoleh dari wawancara dengan pejabat dinas pendidikan kota Banda Aceh, Kepala dan Guru SDN 25, Guru SDN 16, Wakil Kepada dan Guru SDN 1, Kepala Sekolah dan Guru SDN 57, Guru SMPN 4, Guru SMPN 11, Kepala Sekolah dan Guru SMPN 10, Kepala Sekolah dan Guru SMPN 18. Diuraikan dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewajiban hukum Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh untuk memenuhi hak pendidikan inklusif bagi penyandang disabilitas hanya berupa pelatihan kepada guru, sehingga sekolah selaku penyelenggara pendidikan inklusif melaksanakan pendidikan tersebut berdasarkan kemampuan yang ada. Saran untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah meningkatkan layanan dan kemudahan pendidikan, menjamin penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang bermutu, merata, adil, menyediakan tenaga pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan, menjamin tersedianya dana pendidikan, dan menciptakan lingkungan yang kondusif bagi peningkatan prestasi anak berkebutuhan khusus. dan; sekolah memiliki peran dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan inklusif, berupa peningkatan kualitas guru pembimbing khusus yang dapat memberikan program pembelajaran bagi peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus, tersedia sarana dan prasarana bagi peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus, dan memiliki program kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk mengambangkan pendidikan inklusif. Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh harus mendukung peran sekolah tersebut

The Child to Adult Method in Mine Risk Education

The author explains a child-to-adult approach to mine-risk education and how it uses the power of children as “little” MRE instructors in their communities. As part of this method, children use MRE lessons to teach adults and peers in their homes about the dangers of landmines and unexploded ordnance

THE ARABIC PARTICLES ‘\u3cem\u3eINNA WA AḪAWĀTU-HĀ\u3c/em\u3e’ AT THE SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE

In Arabic inna wa-aḫawātu-hā ‘inna and its related sisters’ are traditionally considered as verb-like particles. They are specified as introducing equational sentences and change their constituents’ case to a different pattern from what verbs do. Therefore, they are called nawāsiḫ in Arabic, or words that cause a shift to the accusative case (Ryding 2005). The medieval grammarians’ treatment of inna and its sisters as verb-like particles and of the equational sentence in general is based on the theory of ‘amal, ‘government’ which Sībawayhi has described it in his book Al-kitab. The theory presumes a grammatical operation (‘amal) in which an operator (‘āmil) assigns to a unique operand (ma’mūl) a grammatical function (Carter, 1973, 151). However, in modern linguistics, government is realized as a syntactic relation that imposes case agreement between the syntactic elements in the sentential structure. And this structure has a deep representation and surface representation. The Medieval treatment for the equational sentence introduced by inna is problematic, because it attributes to inna a verbal power to resolve the issue of the case assignment to the equational sentence which lacks an overt syntactic operator. Modern approaches to equational sentence differ totally from the traditional account. Some modern approaches propose a copula for the equational sentence; this copula is either covert or deleted. Other modern approaches propose a tense projection in deep structure that determines an equational sentence’s surface form. Neither sort of approach gives a reasonable explanation for the case assignment pattern, for the general properties of equational sentences, or for the status of inna. In this study, I propose a new approach focusing on the role of semantics in the assignment of case in equational sentences in Arabic. My hypothesis is based on a new interpretation to Sībawayhi’s description of the ‘ibtida’ sentence; according to this new interpretation ibtida’ is not a syntactic operator but rather a semantic one. I also propose that a sentence’s syntactic properties are sensitive to its semantic MODE, a specification of whether it expresses a topic-based proposition; or an event-based proposition. My new hypothesis is intended to apply to all varieties of Arabic including Classical Arabic, and Modern Standard Arabic, as well as the regional dialects of Arabic

Dynamics of SVIS Model with Holling Type IV Functional Response

In this paper, we will study the effect of some epidemic concepts such as immigrants and vaccine on the dynamical behaviour of epidemic models. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution are investigated. The local stability analyses of the system is carried out .The global dynamics of the system is investigated numerically

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PRELIMINARY ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF NEW SCHIFF BASES OF AMPICILLIN AND AMOXICILLIN DERIVED FROM ISATIN DERIVATIVES

Objectives: Six different Schiff bases were synthesized from ampicillin and amoxicillin with isatin, 5-bromoisatin, and 5-nitroisatin.Methods: Ampicillin and Amoxicillin are linked directly through their α-amino groups to the acyl side chain with isatin and isatin derivatives by nucleophilic addition using glacial acetic acid as a catalyst.Results: chemical structures of these Schiff bases were confirmed using FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental microanalysis. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and showed various degrees of antibacterial activities when compared with parent drugs. Compounds 1a and 2b, which are the Schiff bases of ampicillin and amoxicillin with isatin, showed very significant activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, Schiff bases with 5-bromoisatin (1b and 2b) displayed significant activity against MRSA and less activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).Conclusion: The new Schiff bases of isatin and 5-bromoisatin linked to ampicillin and amoxicillin showed interesting antibacterial activities.Keywords: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Schiff bases, Isatin derivative

IMPACT OF SODIUM DICHLOROACETATE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION THERAPIES ON LUNG TUMOR GROWTH AND METASTASIS

Lung cancer is the second most common form of cancer with the highest mortality rate worldwide in 2020 despite the advances in targeted- and immuno-therapies. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as an essential emerging cancer hallmark in which altered metabolic pathways represent an attractive therapeutic target. Sodium Dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor, effect has been investigated in various tumors. Building on the already published data, this pre-clinical study aims to explore the anticancer potential of DCA in lung cancer alone and in combination with chemo- and targeted therapies using two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines namely, A549 and LNM35. This project was addressed through the investigation of the impact of DCA on lung cancer cell viability, migration, invasion, and colony growth in-vitro and on tumor growth and metastasis using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the nude mice models in-vivo. The anti-angiogenic potential of DCA, its safety profile, and the impact of its combination with the proposed chemotherapy and first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKi) were also investigated. This study demonstrated that DCA causes a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the viability of A549 and LNM35 cells and the growth of their colonies in-vitro. Similarly, DCA slow-down the growth of A549 and LNM35 tumor xenografts in both the chick embryo CAM and nude mice models in-vivo. DCA decreases the angiogenic capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in-vitro by decreasing HUVECs tube formation and sprouting, suggesting the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis as a potential mechanism behind its anti-tumor growth effect. On the other hand, DCA did not inhibit the in-vitro migration and invasion and the in-vivo incidence and growth of lymph nodes metastases in nude mice xenografted with the highly metastatic lung cancer cells LNM35. Treatment with DCA did not show any significant side effects on the chick embryos viability or on the nude mice weight and survival. In addition, blood, kidney, and liver function tests showed no toxicity with DCA when compared to the control group. Finally, DCA significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of cisplatin in LNM35, gefitinib and erlotinib in both cell lines. In summary, these findings demonstrate that DCA is a safe and promising therapeutic agent for lung cancer and pave the way for further pre-clinical studies validating the impact of DCA in combination with not only the first generation but also the second and third generation of EGFR-Tki in-vivo

Underwater localization and node mobility estimation

In this paper, localizing a moving node in the context of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is considered. Most existing algorithms have had designed to work with a static node in the networks. However, in practical case, the node is dynamic due to relative motion between the transmitter and receiver. The main idea is to record the time of arrival message (ToA) stamp and estimating the drift in the sampling frequency accordingly. It should be emphasized that, the channel conditions such as multipath and delay spread, and ambient noise is considered to make the system pragmatic. A joint prediction of the node mobility and speed are estimated based on the sampling frequency offset estimation. This sampling frequency offset drift is detected based on correlating an anticipated window in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) of the received packet. The range and the distance of the mobile node is predicted from estimating the speed at the received packet and reused in the position estimation algorithm. The underwater acoustic channel is considered in this paper with 8 paths and maximum delay spread of 48 ms to simulate a pragmatic case. The performance is evaluated by adopting different nodes speeds in the simulation in two scenarios of expansion and compression. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a stable profile in the presence of severe channel conditions. Also, the result shows that the maximum speed that can be adopted in this algorithm is 9 km/h and the expansion case profile is more stable than the compression scenario. In addition, a comparison with a dynamic triangular algorithm (DTN) is presented in order to evaluate the proposed system

Multiagent-Based Control for Plug-and-Play Batteries in DC Microgrids with Infrastructure Compensation

The influence of the DC infrastructure on the control of power-storage flow in micro- and smart grids has gained attention recently, particularly in dynamic vehicle-to-grid charging applications. Principal effects include the potential loss of the charge–discharge synchronization and the subsequent impact on the control stabilization, the increased degradation in batteries’ health/life, and resultant power- and energy-efficiency losses. This paper proposes and tests a candidate solution to compensate for the infrastructure effects in a DC microgrid with a varying number of heterogeneous battery storage systems in the context of a multiagent neighbor-to-neighbor control scheme. Specifically, the scheme regulates the balance of the batteries’ load-demand participation, with adaptive compensation for unknown and/or time-varying DC infrastructure influences. Simulation and hardware-in-the-loop studies in realistic conditions demonstrate the improved precision of the charge–discharge synchronization and the enhanced balance of the output voltage under 24 h excessively continuous variations in the load demand. In addition, immediate real-time compensation for the DC infrastructure influence can be attained with no need for initial estimates of key unknown parameters. The results provide both the validation and verification of the proposals under real operational conditions and expectations, including the dynamic switching of the heterogeneous batteries’ connection (plug-and-play) and the variable infrastructure influences of different dynamically switched branches. Key observed metrics include an average reduced convergence time (0.66–13.366%), enhanced output-voltage balance (2.637–3.24%), power-consumption reduction (3.569–4.93%), and power-flow-balance enhancement (2.755–6.468%), which can be achieved for the proposed scheme over a baseline for the experiments in question.</p

Radiation Pattern Synthesis of Planar Arrays Using Parasitic Patches Fed by a Small Number of Active Elements

In this chapter, several planar array designs based on the use of a small number of the active elements located at the center of the planar array surrounded by another number of the uniformly distributed parasitic elements are investigated. The parasitic elements are used to modify the radiation pattern of the central active elements. The overall radiation pattern of the resulting planar array with a small number of active elements is found to be comparable to that of the fully active array elements with a smaller sidelobe level (SLL) at the cost of a relatively wider beamwidth and lower directivity. Nevertheless, the uses of only a small number of the active elements provide a very simple feeding network that reduces the cost and the complexity of the array. Simulation results which have been computed using computer simulation technology-microwave studio (CST-MWS) show that the sidelobe level of the designed array pattern with parasitic elements is considerably better than that of the similar fully active array elements. The proposed array can be effectively and efficiently used in the applications that require wider antenna beams

Compressive Strength and Elastic Modulus of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete (SIFCON) at High Temperature

SIFCON is a special type of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) with an unattached fiber matrix that gives the composite matrix important tensile properties and, due to its high fiber content, SIFCON also has distinctive and unique ductility and energy absorption properties. Higher temperature resistance is one of the most important parameters affecting the durability and service life of the material. In this research, the compression strength and elastic modulus of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete (SIFCON) were tested both before and after exposure to high temperatures. Two fire exposure durations of 2 and 3 hours are examined. In addition to room temperatures, three temperature ranges of 400 ° C, 600 ° C and 900 ° C have been introduced. The results of the experiment showed that the compressive strength and elastic modulus decreased after exposure to high temperatures. The drastically reduction of compressive strength took place with increasing temperature above 600 °C. While, the reduction in elastic modulus values is more significant than the decrease in compressive strength at the same fire flame temperatures. The residual compressive strength and elastic modulus at 900 °C were in the range of (52.1% to 59.6%) and (30.6% to 34.1%) respectively