Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Intervention in the First 1000 Days of Life to Prevent Obesity and Overweight in Childhood: Study Protoco

(1) Background: Obesity is a global health problem, and its prevention must be a priority goal of public health, especially considering the seriousness of the problem among children. It is known that fetal and early postnatal environments may favor the appearance of obesity in later life. In recent years, the impact of the programs to prevent obesity in childhood has been scarce. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on the concept of early programming. (2) Methods: Non-randomized controlled trial design. Inclusion criteria are: two-year-old infants whose gestational period begins in the 14 months following the start of the intervention, and whose mothers have made the complete follow-up of their pregnancy in the same clinical unit of the study. The intervention will be developed over all the known factors that affect early programming, during pregnancy up to 2 years of life. Data will be collected through a data collection sheet by the paediatricians. A unibivariate and multivariate analysis of the data will be carried out. (3) Ethics and dissemination: The trial does not involve any risk to participants and their offspring. Signed informed consent is obtained from all participants. Ethical approval has been obtained. (4) Results: It is expected that this study will provide evidence on the importance of the prevention of obesity from the critical period of the first 1000 days of life, being able to establish this as a standard intervention in primary care

Experimental study of R1234yf as a drop-in replacement for R134a in a domestic refrigerator

This paper presents an experimental study for three identical domestic refrigerators using R1234yf as a drop-in replacement for R134a. An alternative methodology was proposed to estimate the optimal mass charge for R1234yf; with the use of such methodology, new evidences were sought on the thermal behavior of the refrigerator compartments as well as at the heat exchangers. Additionally, energy performance for both refrigerants was measured, and, finally, a TEWI analysis was conducted. For the type of refrigerator evaluated, results showed that R1234yf presented an average (for the 3 refrigerators) of 0.4 °C for the fresh food compartment, and 1.2 °C for the freezer, among different charges with respect to R134a. The optimal charge for R1234yf was 92.2 g, which is about 7.8% lower than the one for R134a, which represents a small increase of 4% in energy consumption in comparison to R134a. Finally, the TEWI analysis for the R1234yf was 1.07% higher than the R134a.We thank Universidad de Guanajuato for the support in the realization of this research. We also want to thank the Company Honeywell (through Marco García) for the donation of the refrigerant R1234yf, and to acknowledge the support of Mabe TyP in the performing of the tests. The authors wish to thank to Montoro Sanjosé Carlos Rubín for their support in the editing of the English-language version of this paper

Tumors of the oral cavity : CO2 laser management

Cancer of the oral cavity combined with oropharyngeal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death for cancer worldwide. Surgery remains the standard treatment for this disease in early clinical and locally advanced stages. Numerous studies have shown that laser management is useful for premalignant lesions in the oral cavity; however, there is no conclusive evidence that its use is appropriate in cancer of the oral cavity and that results are comparable with traditional surgery. The objective of this study is to determine cancer control after wide local resection with CO2 laser for oral malignant neoplasms. Retrospective study in patients with tumors of the oral cavity who were considered for surgical resection with CO2 laser from January 2006-December 2015. Demographic data, treatment modalities, histopathological diagnosis and clinical stage variables were obtained. All resections were done with the use of the microspot. Patients with cancer of the tongue were not included because a specific protocol for these patients does exist in our institution. There were twenty patients, 10 male and 10 female with a average age of 58 years (range: 20-92 years). Mean age was 53.5 years for females and 63 years for males. Twelve (60%) patients are alive and disease free and four (20%) were lost free of disease. CO2 laser is an acceptable surgical method for the management of small lesions in the oral cavity. We cannot rule out that small lesions of the oral cavity with positive neck could be managed in this manner, adding treatment to the neck, producing an adequate local regional control. However, this hypothesis requires additional studies

El agua en la meseta meridional de la Península Ibérica

En este trabajo se resumen las principales características del borde oeste de la Meseta Meridional de la Península Ibérica, desde el punto de vista hidrológico, hidrogeológico e hidroquímico. Así, se realiza una síntesis geológica y climatológica de la zona , como base al establecimiento de los recursos hidráulicos en la región. Por otra parte, se cifra la demanda de agua en la zona, tanto para abastecimiento como para agricultura, y por último, se establecen aquellos aspectos de calidad de las aguas superficiales y subterráneas más relevantes.The main hydrological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of the "Meseta Meridional" (Spain) are summarized in this paper. A geological and climatic synthesis is done as a basis for establishing the hydraulic resources of the region. Likewise, the water demand in the area, both for urban and industry supplies and agriculture, is estimated. Lastly the most outstanding aspects on quality of surface and underground waters are determined

Números para la pluralidad cultural

Mexico State Indigenous Demographics book review states the importance of this volume for indigenous languages researchers, demographers and public policy specialists.Reseña del libro Demografía indígena en el Estado de México, de Eduardo Sandoval, Jaciel Montoya y Gabino González; se justifica la importancia de este volumen para los estudiosos de las lenguas originarias, los demógrafos y los especialistas en políticas públicas queda plenamente justificada

El agua en la meseta meridional de la Península Ibérica

En este trabajo se resumen las principales características del borde oeste de la Meseta Meridional de la Península Ibérica, desde el punto de vista hidrológico, hidrogeológico e hidroquímico. Así, se realiza una síntesis geológica y climatológica de la zona , como base al establecimiento de los recursos hidráulicos en la región. Por otra parte, se cifra la demanda de agua en la zona, tanto para abastecimiento como para agricultura, y por último, se establecen aquellos aspectos de calidad de las aguas superficiales y subterráneas más relevantes.The main hydrological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of the "Meseta Meridional" (Spain) are summarized in this paper. A geological and climatic synthesis is done as a basis for establishing the hydraulic resources of the region. Likewise, the water demand in the area, both for urban and industry supplies and agriculture, is estimated. Lastly the most outstanding aspects on quality of surface and underground waters are determined