70 research outputs found

    RAPID AND RELIABLE HEALING OF CRITICAL SIZE BONE DEFECTS WITH GENETICALLY MODIFIED SHEEP MUSCLE

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    Large segmental defects in bone fail to heal and remain a clinical problem. Muscle is highly osteogenic, and preliminary data suggest that autologous muscle tissue expressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) efficiently heals critical size defects in rats. Translation into possible human clinical trials requires, inter alia, demonstration of efficacy in a large animal, such as the sheep. Scale-up is fraught with numerous biological, anatomical, mechanical and structural variables, which cannot be addressed systematically because of cost and other practical issues. For this reason, we developed a translational model enabling us to isolate the biological question of whether sheep muscle, transduced with adenovirus expressing BMP-2, could heal critical size defects in vivo. Initial experiments in athymic rats noted strong healing in only about one-third of animals because of unexpected immune responses to sheep antigens. For this reason, subsequent experiments were performed with Fischer rats under transient immunosuppression. Such experiments confirmed remarkably rapid and reliable healing of the defects in all rats, with bridging by 2 weeks and remodelling as early as 3-4 weeks, despite BMP-2 production only in nanogram quantities and persisting for only 1-3 weeks. By 8 weeks the healed defects contained well-organised new bone with advanced neo-cortication and abundant marrow. Bone mineral content and mechanical strength were close to normal values. These data demonstrate the utility of this model when adapting this technology for bone healing in sheep, as a prelude to human clinical trials

    Test of lepton universality in bs+b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^- decays

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    The first simultaneous test of muon-electron universality using B+K++B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\ell^{+}\ell^{-} and B0K0+B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}\ell^{+}\ell^{-} decays is performed, in two ranges of the dilepton invariant-mass squared, q2q^{2}. The analysis uses beauty mesons produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb1\mathrm{fb}^{-1}. Each of the four lepton universality measurements reported is either the first in the given q2q^{2} interval or supersedes previous LHCb measurements. The results are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-046.html (LHCb public pages

    Precision measurement of CP\it{CP} violation in the penguin-mediated decay Bs0ϕϕB_s^{0}\rightarrow\phi\phi

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    A flavor-tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the decay Bs0ϕϕB_s^{0}\rightarrow\phi\phi is performed using pppp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at % at s=13\sqrt{s}=13 TeV, the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}. The CP\it{CP}-violating phase and direct CP\it{CP}-violation parameter are measured to be ϕssˉs=0.042±0.075±0.009\phi_{s\bar{s}s} = -0.042 \pm 0.075 \pm 0.009 rad and λ=1.004±0.030±0.009|\lambda|=1.004\pm 0.030 \pm 0.009 , respectively, assuming the same values for all polarization states of the ϕϕ\phi\phi system. In these results, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These parameters are also determined separately for each polarization state, showing no evidence for polarization dependence. The results are combined with previous LHCb measurements using pppp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding ϕssˉs=0.074±0.069\phi_{s\bar{s}s} = -0.074 \pm 0.069 rad and lambda=1.009±0.030|lambda|=1.009 \pm 0.030. This is the most precise study of time-dependent CP\it{CP} violation in a penguin-dominated BB meson decay. The results are consistent with CP\it{CP} symmetry and with the Standard Model predictions.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2023-001.html (LHCb public pages

    Observation of a resonant structure near the Ds+DsD_s^+ D_s^- threshold in the B+Ds+DsK+B^+\to D_s^+ D_s^- K^+ decay

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    An amplitude analysis of the B+Ds+DsK+B^+\to D_s^+ D_s^- K^+ decay is carried out to study for the first time its intermediate resonant contributions, using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. A near-threshold peaking structure, referred to as X(3960)X(3960), is observed in the Ds+DsD_s^+ D_s^- invariant-mass spectrum with significance greater than 12 standard deviations. The mass, width and the quantum numbers of the structure are measured to be 3956±5±103956\pm5\pm10 MeV, 43±13±843\pm13\pm8 MeV and JPC=0++J^{PC}=0^{++}, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The properties of the new structure are consistent with recent theoretical predictions for a state composed of ccˉssˉc\bar{c}s\bar{s} quarks. Evidence for an additional structure is found around 4140 MeV in the Ds+DsD_s^+ D_s^- invariant mass, which might be caused either by a new resonance with the 0++0^{++} assignment or by a J/ψϕDs+DsJ/\psi \phi\leftrightarrow D_s^+ D_s^- coupled-channel effect.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-018.html (LHCb public pages

    First observation of a doubly charged tetraquark and its neutral partner

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    A combined amplitude analysis is performed for the decays B0D0Ds+πB^0 \rightarrow \overline{D}^0 D^+_s\pi^- and B+DDs+π+B^+\rightarrow D^- D^+_s\pi^+, which are related by isospin symmetry. The analysis is based on data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13TeV\,\rm{TeV}. The full data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9fb1\,\rm{fb^{-1}}. Two new resonant states with masses of 2.908±0.011±0.020GeV2.908\pm0.011\pm0.020\,\rm{GeV} and widths of 0.136±0.023±0.011GeV0.136\pm0.023\pm0.011\,\rm{GeV} are observed, which decay to Ds+π+D^+_s\pi^+ and Ds+πD^+_s\pi^- respectively. The former state indicates the first observation of a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark state with minimal quark content [csˉudˉ][c\bar{s}u\bar{d}], and the latter state is a neutral tetraquark composed of [csˉuˉd][c\bar{s}\bar{u}d] quarks. Both states are found to have spin-parity 0+0^+, and their resonant parameters are consistent with each other, which suggests that they belong to an isospin triplet.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-026.html (LHCb public pages

    Measurement of the Λb0Λ(1520)μ+μ\Lambda_{b}^{0}\to \Lambda(1520) \mu^{+}\mu^{-} differential branching fraction

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    The branching fraction of the rare decay Λb0Λ(1520)μ+μ\Lambda_{b}^{0}\to \Lambda(1520) \mu^{+}\mu^{-} is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals, q2q^2, excluding the J/ψJ/\psi and ψ(2S)\psi(2S) regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $9\ \mathrm{fb}^{-1}.Theresultinthehighest. The result in the highest q^{2}interval, interval, q^{2} >15.0\ \mathrm{GeV}^2/c^4$, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-050.html (LHCb public pages

    Measurement of antiproton production from antihyperon decays in p He collisions at √sNN = 110 GeV

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    The interpretation of cosmic antiproton flux measurements from space-borne experiments is currently limited by the knowledge of the antiproton production cross-section in collisions between primary cosmic rays and the interstellar medium. Using collisions of protons with an energy of 6.5TeV incident on helium nuclei at rest in the proximity of the interaction region of the LHCb experiment, the ratio of antiprotons originating from antihyperon decays to prompt production is measured for antiproton momenta between 12 and 110GeV. The dominant antihyperon contribution, namely Λ¯→p¯π+ decays from promptly produced Λ¯ particles, is also exclusively measured. The results complement the measurement of prompt antiproton production obtained from the same data sample. At the energy scale of this measurement, the antihyperon contributions to antiproton production are observed to be significantly larger than predictions of commonly used hadronic production models

    Direct CP violation in charmless three-body decays of B± mesons

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    Measurements of C P asymmetries in charmless three-body decays of B ± mesons are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.9     fb − 1 . The previously observed C P asymmetry in B ± → π ± K + K − decays is confirmed, and C P asymmetries are observed with a significance of more than five standard deviations in the B ± → π ± π + π − and B ± → K ± K + K − decays, while the C P asymmetry of B ± → K ± π + π − decays is confirmed to be compatible with zero. The distributions of these asymmetries are also studied as a function of the three-body phase space and suggest contributions from rescattering and resonance interference processes. An indication of the presence of the decays B ± → π ± χ c 0 ( 1 P ) in both B ± → π ± π + π − and B ± → π ± K + K − decays is observed, as is C P violation involving these amplitudes

    Measurement of J/ψ -pair production in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV and study of gluon transverse-momentum dependent PDFs

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    The production cross-section of J/ψ pairs in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV is measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment. The measurement is performed with both J/ψ mesons in the transverse momentum range 0 < pT< 14 GeV/c and rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5. The cross-section of this process is measured to be 16.36 ± 0.28 (stat) ± 0.88 (syst) nb. The contributions from single-parton scattering and double-parton scattering are separated based on the dependence of the cross-section on the absolute rapidity difference ∆y between the two J/ψ mesons. The effective cross-section of double-parton scattering is measured to be σeff = 13.1 ± 1.8 (stat) ± 2.3 (syst) mb. The distribution of the azimuthal angle ϕCS of one of the J/ψ mesons in the Collins-Soper frame and the pT-spectrum of the J/ψ pairs are also measured for the study of the gluon transverse-momentum dependent distributions inside protons. The extracted values of ⟨cos 2ϕCS⟩ and ⟨cos 4ϕCS⟩ are consistent with zero, but the presence of azimuthal asymmetry at a few percent level is allowed
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