Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer: A case-control study in the Fez region, Morocco

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In the Moroccan context, the role of well-known reproductive factors in breast cancer remains poorly documented. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between menstrual and reproductive factors and breast cancer risk in Moroccan women in the Fez region. Methods A case-control study was conducted at the Hassan II University Hospital of Fez between January 2014 and April 2015. A total of 237 cases of breast cancer and 237 age-matched controls were included. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, menstrual and reproductive history, family history of breast cancer, and lifestyle factors was obtained through a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer by menstrual and reproductive factors adjusted for potential confounders. Results Early menarche (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.08-2.38) and nulliparity (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.98-7.30) were significantly related to an increased risk of breast cancer, whereas an early age at first full-term pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25-0.65). Conclusion The results of this study confirm the role of established reproductive factors for breast cancer in Moroccan women. It identified some susceptible groups at high risk of breast cancer. Preventive interventions and screening should focus on these groups as a priority. These results should be confirmed in a larger, multicenter study

Main nutrient patterns and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.

BACKGROUND: Much of the current literature on diet-colorectal cancer (CRC) associations focused on studies of single foods/nutrients, whereas less is known about nutrient patterns. We investigated the association between major nutrient patterns and CRC risk in participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. METHODS: Among 477 312 participants, intakes of 23 nutrients were estimated from validated dietary questionnaires. Using results from a previous principal component (PC) analysis, four major nutrient patterns were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for the association of each of the four patterns and CRC incidence using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for established CRC risk factors. RESULTS: During an average of 11 years of follow-up, 4517 incident cases of CRC were documented. A nutrient pattern characterised by high intakes of vitamins and minerals was inversely associated with CRC (HR per 1 s.d.=0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) as was a pattern characterised by total protein, riboflavin, phosphorus and calcium (HR (1 s.d.)=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99). The remaining two patterns were not significantly associated with CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS: Analysing nutrient patterns may improve our understanding of how groups of nutrients relate to CRC

The motorcyclist impact against a light vehicle: Epidemiological, accidentological and biomechanic analysis

This paper summarizes the results obtained within the framework of the French PROMOTO Project (PROtection of the MOTOrcyclist). The aim of this project was to analyze the impact between a motorcycle and a light vehicle from an epidemiological, accidentological and biomechanical point of view. The results have made it possible to outline the most frequent accident configurations such as the “turn on the left” and the most common injuries sustained by motorized two-wheelers (head and trunk). The biomechanic analysis has enabled a better understanding of the kinematics involved in an impact between a motorized two-wheeler and a light vehicle in various accident configurations (chronology and speed impact). While it is well known that motorcyclists frequently receive life threatening injuries to the head, spine and torso, this paper has been able to observe specific injury mechanisms such as pelvis impacts against the vehicle fuel tank and hyper-extension of the neck due to head impact on passenger cars

Archaeobotanical and palaeoenvironmental analyses from the easternmost Early Neolithic sites at Kamyane-Zavallia (Ukraine) and Nicolaevca V (Moldova)

Recent archaeological excavations at two Early Neolithic settlements at Kamyane-Zavallia (Ukraine) and Nicolaevca V (Moldova) have provided new plant assemblages. The sites belong to the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK) and represent its easternmost settlements. In these regions, charred plant macro-remains are still very rarely sampled for and investigated, so these results may shed light on the plant-based economy of the first farmers of this area. Both sites are located in the area of loess soils, in the border zone between deciduous woodland, woodland steppe and steppe. A dominance of Triticum monococcum (einkorn) was evident at both sites, preserved both as grains and chaff (spikelet bases and glume base). Other cereals, including cf. T. dicoccum (emmer), cf. T. timopheevii and Hordeum vulgare (barley) were less frequent. Among wild herbaceous plants, ruderal and segetal communities were represented by species commonly found at LBK sites, including Chenopodium album type, Fallopia convolvulus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lapsana communis. The majority of these plants are edible and it is also likely that they were used as food. At both sites, remains of awns of Stipa sp. (feather grass) were found, which indicate the existence of grasslands and/or open woodlands in the vicinity. The charcoal assemblages were dominated by a few taxa, such as Fraxinus sp., Quercus sp. and Cornus sp., suggesting that there were some wooded steppe and deciduous forests. Selected plant macro-remains were radiocarbon dated and the results show that they are from ca. 5200 − 5000 cal bc. From the same archaeobotanical samples, snails were analysed and the resulting malacofauna shows a dominance of open-country snails as well as those which might indicate local agricultural practices at both settlements

Compliance of oral isotretinoin use with prescription and delivery guidelines between 2014 and 2021 in France.

IntroductionDue to adverse effects of isotretinoin, prescription and dispensation guidelines recommended to use it as a second-line treatment, to renew the prescription for each dispensation and to perform laboratory monitoring. In June 2015, a decision of regulatory authorities restricted treatment initiation to dermatology specialist.To evaluate the compliance of oral isotretinoin use to national guidelines between 2014 and 2021 in France.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health Data System and included all new users of oral isotretinoin between 2014 and 2021 Initiation corresponded to the first dispensation of isotretinoin with no prior dispensation for at least 12 months. Four outcomes were assessed the initial rescription by dermatology specialist, the second line prescription after systemic antibiotic and/or topical therapy, the renewal of prescription for each dispensation, and carrying out lipid and hepatic enzymes laboratory monitoring. The effect of thedecision of June 2015 on the direct ( and prolonged ( changes in proportion of treatment initiated by dermatology specialist was assessed using a monthly interrupted time series analyze (ARIMA model). We expressed the results of this model as change in proportion 95 confidence intervals 95 CI) and p-value (p).ResultsWe included 552,221 patients (mean age: 24 years sex ratio: 0.95). The percentage oftreatment initiated by a specialist increased from 88% to 92% after June 2015. Time series analysis showed a significant immediate increase (2.93%, 95% CI 1.71% to 4.15%, p < 0.01) but no significant change in trend over time (0.08%, 95% CI -0.23% to 0.09%, p= 0.39). Within 12 months before initiation, 63% of patients received at least one dispensation of systemic antibiotic therapy and 42% received at least one dispensation of systemic antibiotic and topical therapy. In average, 86% of dispensations had a new prescription. 80% of patients had lipid and hepatic enzymes monitoring before treatment initiation and 41% during treatment.ConclusionGuidelines on initial prescriber and renewal of prescription were mostly respected while compliance to guidelines on second line prescriptions and biological monitoring was inadequate

Cross-Sectional Blood Metabolite Markers of Hypertension: A Multicohort Analysis of 44,306 Individuals from the COnsortium of METabolomics Studies

Hypertension is the main modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but discovering molecular mechanisms for targeted treatment has been challenging. Here we investigate associations of blood metabolite markers with hypertension by integrating data from nine intercontinental cohorts from the COnsortium of METabolomics Studies. We included 44,306 individuals with circulating metabolites (up to 813). Metabolites were aligned and inverse normalised to allow intra-platform comparison. Logistic models adjusting for covariates were performed in each cohort and results were combined using random-effect inverse-variance meta-analyses adjusting for multiple testing. We further conducted canonical pathway analysis to investigate the pathways underlying the hypertension-associated metabolites. In 12,479 hypertensive cases and 31,827 controls without renal impairment, we identified 38 metabolites, associated with hypertension after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, and multiple testing. Of these, 32 metabolite associations, predominantly lipid (steroids and fatty acyls) and organic acids (amino-, hydroxy-, and keto-acids) remained after further adjusting for comorbidities and dietary intake. Among the identified metabolites, 5 were novel, including 2 bile acids, 2 glycerophospholipids, and ketoleucine. Pathway analysis further implicates the role of the amino-acids, serine/glycine, and bile acids in hypertension regulation. In the largest cross-sectional hypertension-metabolomics study to date, we identify 32 circulating metabolites (of which 5 novel and 27 confirmed) that are potentially actionable targets for intervention. Further in-vivo studies are needed to identify their specific role in the aetiology or progression of hypertension.Medicine, Faculty ofOther UBCPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofReviewedFacultyResearcherOthe

Association between menstrual and reproductive factors and breast cancer risk.

<p>Association between menstrual and reproductive factors and breast cancer risk.</p

Baseline characteristics of case and control subjects [number (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation].

<p>Baseline characteristics of case and control subjects [number (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation].</p

Coffee and Tea Consumption and the Contribution of Their Added Ingredients to Total Energy and Nutrient Intakes in 10 European Countries: Benchmark Data from the Late 1990s.

BACKGROUND: Coffee and tea are among the most commonly consumed nonalcoholic beverages worldwide, but methodological differences in assessing intake often hamper comparisons across populations. We aimed to (i) describe coffee and tea intakes and (ii) assess their contribution to intakes of selected nutrients in adults across 10 European countries. METHOD: Between 1995 and 2000, a standardized 24-h dietary recall was conducted among 36,018 men and women from 27 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study centres. Adjusted arithmetic means of intakes were estimated in grams (=volume) per day by sex and centre. Means of intake across centres were compared by sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: In women, the mean daily intake of coffee ranged from 94 g/day (~0.6 cups) in Greece to 781 g/day (~4.4 cups) in Aarhus (Denmark), and tea from 14 g/day (~0.1 cups) in Navarra (Spain) to 788 g/day (~4.3 cups) in the UK general population. Similar geographical patterns for mean daily intakes of both coffee and tea were observed in men. Current smokers as compared with those who reported never smoking tended to drink on average up to 500 g/day more coffee and tea combined, but with substantial variation across centres. Other individuals' characteristics such as educational attainment or age were less predictive. In all centres, coffee and tea contributed to less than 10% of the energy intake. The greatest contribution to total sugar intakes was observed in Southern European centres (up to ~20%). CONCLUSION: Coffee and tea intake and their contribution to energy and sugar intake differed greatly among European adults. Variation in consumption was mostly driven by geographical region