A case of intersex occurrence in Steindachneridion parahybae (Steindachner, 1877) (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) under captivity condition: A cytogenetic and morphological study

Poco se sabe sobre la biología reproductiva de Steindachneridion parahybae , una especie de teleósteo gonocorístico en peligro de extinción que habita la cuenca del río Paraíba do Sul y en éste trabajo se describe por primera vez la aparición de individuo intersexo en juvenil de S. parahybae . También se describió el aspecto normal de los ovarios y de los testículos de individuos juveniles procedentes del mismo lote de cría para su comparación; se realizó además el análisis citogenético. Un espécimen fue clasificado a priori como hembra debido a las características macroscópicas de los ovarios, con pequeños oocitos amarillos, sin flecos (característica principal de los bagres macho) y más grande que los testículos; sin embargo el análisis microscópico reveló la presencia de un ovotestis, incluyendo una espermatogénesis completa. S. parahybae presentó un número diploide, 2n = 56 cromosomas, sin evidencia de cromosomas sexuales diferenciados o supernumerarios entre ellos. Estos hallazgos pueden deberse al resultado de la exposición de los individuos a desorganizadores endocrinos o estar influenciados por las condiciones ambientales. Sin embargo no se puede descartar la posibilidad de la presencia de intersexos de forma espontánea. Por lo tanto, la importancia funcional y las consecuencias reproductivas de estas anomalías permanecen aún sin ser determinadas, sugiriendo que esta especie puede ser susceptible a los disruptores endocrinos. Estos resultados contribuyen a ampliar el conocimiento de la biología reproductiva de esta especie en peligro de extinción en condiciones de cautiverio.Little is known about reproductive biology of endangered Steindachneridion parahybae , a gonochoristic teleost species inhabiting the Paraíba do Sul River Basin, and herein is the first description of intersex in S. parahybae juvenile. The normal appearance of ovaries and testes in juvenile from the same lot of breeding were also described for comparison, even as cytogenetic analysis was performed in these juveniles. One specimen was a priori classified as female due to the macroscopic characteristic of ovaries, with small yellow oocytes, without fringes (a main characteristic of catfish male), and larger than testes; however the microscopic analysis revealed the presence of ovotestes, including the complete spermatogenesis. S. parahybae had diploid number, 2n = 56 chromosomes with no evidence of differentiated sex chromosomes or supernumerary chromosomes among them. These findings may be due to the result of exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds or may also be influenced by environmental conditions. The possibility of intersexes might also happen spontaneously and it cannot be ruled out. Therefore, the functional significance and reproductive consequences of this anomaly remain to be determined, suggesting that this species may be susceptible to endocrine disruption. These results contribute to gain expertise about reproductive biology of an endangered species in captivity.Fil: Honji, Renato Massaaki. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Caneppele, Danilo. Companhia Energética de São Paulo. Unidade de Hidrobiologia e Aquicultura; BrasilFil: Pandolfi, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Lo Nostro, Fabiana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Moreira, Renata G.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

An overview of broadband connectivity: insights from Brazil/ Panorama sobre a conectividade de banda larga: insights para o Brasil

The broadband market in Brazil is constantly evolving. We provide a legal basis and particularities of fixed and mobile broadband data, as well as a historical perspective of the beginning of the Internet in the country. We focus on the evolution of access density as the main metric of analysis, however we highlight other variables such as technology employed, payment modality and infrastructure by providers in the Brazilian telecom sector. According to Anatel (2021), responsible for regulating the market, in Brazil 56 in 100 households are connected to fixed broadband, while 101 in each 100 individuals have access to mobile broadband. We present incipient literature studying the effects of Internet expansion on the economy and social outcomes, highlighting important themes for future research

Presence-only for marked point process under preferential sampling

Preferential sampling models have garnered significant attention in recent years. Although the original model was developed for geostatistics, it founds applications in other types of data, such as point processes in the form of presence-only data. While this has been recognized in the Statistics literature, there is value in incorporating ideas from both presence-only and preferential sampling literature. In this paper, we propose a novel model that extends existing ideas to handle a continuous variable collected through opportunistic sampling. To demonstrate the potential of our approach, we apply it to sardine biomass data collected during commercial fishing trips. While the data is intuitively understood, it poses challenges due to two types of preferential sampling: fishing events (presence data) are non-random samples of the region, and fishermen tend to set their nets in areas with a high quality and value of catch (i.e., bigger schools of the target species). We discuss theoretical and practical aspects of the problem, and propose a well-defined probabilistic approach. Our approach employs a data augmentation scheme that predicts the number of unobserved fishing locations and corresponding biomass (in kg). This allows for evaluation of the Poisson Process likelihood without the need for numerical approximations. The results of our case study may serve as an incentive to use data collected during commercial fishing trips for decision-making aimed at benefiting both ecological and economic aspects. The proposed methodology has potential applications in a variety of fields, including ecology and epidemiology, where marked point process model are commonly used.FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(PTDC/MAT-STA/28243/2017

Nutrição mineral de bovinos de corte em pastejo - repostas de plantas forrageiras à adubação e de bovinos à suplementação da pastagem.

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Incertidumbre frente al cáncer infantil: entender las necesidades de la madre

Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar as necessidades da mãe durante a internação do filho com câncer e compreender como as incertezas diante da doença configuram-se nesta experiência. O referencial teórico do estudo foi o Interacionismo Simbólico e o referencial metodológico, o Interacionismo Interpretativo. A coleta de dados foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram do estudo 10 mães de crianças hospitalizadas em uma instituição especializada no município de São Paulo. Foram identificadas três categorias descritivas das necessidades experienciadas pelas mães: (1) Necessidade de estar presente e acompanhar o tratamento; (2) Necessidade de ser amparada nos momentos de fraqueza; (3) Necessidade de manter vínculo com a família. As necessidades da mãe durante a internação da criança com câncer têm caráter multidimensional, e o reconhecimento delas é essencial para garantir a criação de um contexto de cuidado que potencialize o papel da mãe no suporte à criança com câncer.The objectives of this study were to identify the mother's needs during the hospitalization of the child with cancer and understand how the uncertainties in the disease shape up in this experience. The theoretical framework of the study was the symbolic interactionism and the methodological framework, the interpretative interactionism. The data were obtained by semi-structured interviews. ten (10) mothers, whose children were hospitalized in a specialized institution in são paulo, participated of the study. We identified three categories that describe the mother's needs: 1) need of being with and follow the treatment; 2) need of being supported during weakness; 3) need to maintain ties with the family. The mother's needs during the hospitalization of the child with cancer have multidimensional character and its recognition is essential to guarantee the creation of a context that raises the mother's function supporting the child with cancer.Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar las necesidades de la madre durante la internación del hijo con cáncer y comprender como la incertidumbre frente a la enfermedad se ubican dentro de esta experiencia. El marco teórico del estudio fue el Interaccionismo Simbólico y el marcol metodológico, el Interaccionismo Interpretativo. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Participaron del estudio 10 madres de niños internados en una institución especializada en la ciudad de São Paulo. Se identificaron tres categorías descriptivas de las necesidades vividas por las madres: (1) Necesidad de estar presente y estar al pendiente del tratamiento; (2) Necesidad de apoyo en los momentos de la debilidad; (3) Necesidad de mantener el vínculo con la familia. Las necesidades de la madre durante la internación del niño con cáncer tienen carácter multidimensional y el reconocimiento de los mismos es fundamental para garantizar la creación de un ambiente de cuidado que refuerce el papel de la madre en la apoyo al niño con cáncer

Panel #6: Pine Tree Songscape: Historic Music of the Folk of Maine

Three panelists combine their musicianship and historical research to perform and present historic songs from Maine\u27s past

Editorial: Endocrine Disruptors in Aquatic Vertebrates

As human activities progress, large amounts of substances are produced and released into the aquatic environment. Many of these substances can act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which can interact with the neuroendocrine system of exposed animals, altering their normal physiological function and their progeny. EDCs are substances capable -at different biological levels- of interfering with hormone synthesis and metabolism, receptors activation, gland structure, behavioral responses and epigenetic changes in exposed organisms. The objective of this Research Topic was i) to better understand the effects of these contaminants in real-world systems, at large spatial scales; ii) to demonstrate the mechanism of action of these EDCs in different phylogenetic groups.Fil: Moreira, Renata Guimarães. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Carnevali, Oliana. Università Politecnica Delle Marche; ItaliaFil: Lo Nostro, Fabiana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentin

Catalytic, Tunable, One-Step Bismuth(III) Triflate Reaction with Alcohols : Dehydration Versus Dimerization

Bi(OTf)(3)center dot xH(2)O is a powerful catalyst for the dehydration of tertiary alcohols into alkenes in apolar solvents. The reaction proceeds smoothly and selectively, with amounts as low as 0.01 mol % catalyst, in yields up to 93%. Moreover, in polar solvents, Bi(OTf)(3)center dot xOH(2)O (0.1-1 mol %) selectively catalyzes the dimerization of the alcohols instead, forming new C-C bonds, in yields up to 96%. This mild, efficient, economic, and eco-friendly method is applicable across different chemical classes and amenable to several functional groups.Peer reviewe

Discusión de protocolo para los cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o bem-estar global e o distress behavior de cuidadores de pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos e também avaliar as difi culdades de médicos que lidam com estes pacientes, a fi m de subsidiar a proposição de um protocolo de atendimento a um ambulatório de cuidados paliativos. Na primeira fase, indicadores de bem-estar e de distress behavior de dez cuidadores de pacientes em cuidados paliativos foram avaliados pelos instrumentos General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) e Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R), respectivamente. Na segunda fase, médicos foram entrevistados sobre a percepção de cuidados paliativos e difi culdades de encaminhamento ao ambulatório. A correlação de Spearman negativa, entre os resultados dos dois instrumentos aplicados aos cuidadores, indica que maiores níveis de distress associam-se a menores escores de bem-estar global. Na perspectiva dos médicos, há demanda por maior integração entre os ambulatórios curativo e paliativo, o que aumentaria a fl uidez entre as equipes e a manutenção de vínculos entre pacientes, famílias e profi ssionais.This study’s objective was to evaluate the overall well-being and level of distress among caregivers of cancer patients and identify the diffi culties faced by physicians who provide care to these patients in order to support the proposition of a new care protocol for a palliative care outpatient service. In the fi rst phase, indicators of the overall well-being and distress levels of ten caregivers of patients undergoing palliative care were assessed using the General Comfort Questionnaire and the Impact of Event Scale Revised. In the second phase, physicians were interviewed to provide their opinions concerning palliative care and the diffi culties they face to refer patients to a palliative care service. Spearman’s negative correlation, performed to campare the results of both instruments applied to caregivers, suggests that higher levels of distress are associated with lower overall levels of wellbeing. There is, from the perspective of physicians, a need to integrate the care providade by both curative and palliative outpatient services to facilitate integrating the teams and enabling the maintenance of bonds among patients, families and professionals.La finalidad de este estudio fue evaluar el bienestar global y el distress behavior de cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos, así como las difi cultades de médicos que tratan con estos pacientes, con vistas a la propuesta de un protocolo de atención a un ambulatorio de cuidados paliativos. En la primera fase, diversos indicadores de bienestar y de distress behavior de diez cuidadores de pacientes en cuidados paliativos fueron evaluados con los instrumentos General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) e Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R), respectivamente. En la segunda fase, los médicos fueron entrevistados sobre su percepción de los cuidados paliativos y sobre las difi cultades para acudir al ambulatorio. La correlación de Spearman negativa entre los resultados de los dos instrumentos aplicados a los cuidadores indica que a mayores niveles de distress se asocian menores grados de bienestar global. Con los médicos se verifi có la demanda por mayor integración entre los ambulatorios curativo y paliativo, lo que aumentaría la fl uidez entre los equipos y el mantenimiento de los vínculos entre pacientes, familias y profesionales