Leaf morphoanatomy of portuguese autoctones white grapevine cultivars of different geographical origin

Xth International Terroir Congress, Tokaj, Hungary, 2014The knowledge of grapevine varieties leaf morphoanatomy is an important tool to understand the taxa ability to adapt and produce under biotic and abiotic stresses. Aiming to characterize and discriminate between four white Portuguese grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) varieties – ‘Alvarinho’ (Al), ‘Arinto’ (Ar), ‘Encruzado’ (En) and ‘Viosinho’ (Vi) - from different Winegrowing Regions (Vinhos Verdes, Lisboa, Dão and Douro, respectively), grown side by side in field conditions -, leaf morphoanatomic characteristics were studied under light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The individual primary leaf area revealed significant differences between all cultivars, with the highest value presented by ‘Arinto’ and the lowest by ‘Viosinho’, while ‘Encruzado’ and “Alvarinho” gave intermediate values. Nevertheless, no significant differences were detected on leaf specific dry weight which can be explained by the quite different mesophyll structure. ‘Arinto’ presented the lowest values for total thickness of the lamina, thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma. The length and thickness of upper and lower epidermal cells of the four cultivars were similar. Under SEM magnification three types of stomata were identified in all the studied genotypes: sunken, at the same level, and raised above the other epidermal cells. No significant differences were registered between cultivars for same-level and sunken stomata values and for stomatal density. ‘Alvarinho’ showed the highest percentage of total for raised-above stomata and ‘Viosinho’ the lowest values. In conclusion, the data indicate some differences in leaf morphoanatomy between grapevine cultivars. Are these grapevine leaf traits differences – e.g. stomata type and mesophyll structure – involved in the differential behavior observed under field conditions? Further studies are neede

Green roofs as an urban NBS strategy for rainwater retention: influencing factors - a review

There has been a rapid development in studies of nature-based solutions (NbS) worldwide, which reveals the potential of this type of solution and the high level of interest in its implementation to improve the resilience of cities. Much relevant information and many important results are being published, and it is now possible to see their diverse benefits and complexity. Several authors highlight their role in urban areas not just in temperature control, but also in human health, ecosystem development and water management. However, in the current reality of cities, where water use is being (and will be) constantly challenged, analyzing NbS advantages for the urban water cycle is crucial. This study performed an intense review of the NbS literature from 2000 to 2021, to identify their contributions to the improvement of urban water cycle management and thus provide a solid information base for distinct entities (public institutions, private investors and the urban population in general) to disseminate, apply and justify their implementation. In general terms, the urban water cycle embraces not only the abstraction of water for urban consumption, but also its return to nature and all the stages in between, including water reuse and stormwater management. This review will highlight the important benefits that NbS in general, and green roofs in particular, provide to urban stormwater control, a key factor that contributes to urban sustainability and resilience in order to face future climate challenges. The novelty of the present review paper falls within the conclusions regarding the crucial role that NbS develop in urban water management and the main features that must be tested and technically enhanced to improve their functioning.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relationship between Portuguese consumer preferences and textural properties, chemical composition and nutritional value of beef

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias. Especialidade de Produção AnimalBeef is a nutritionally rich product with a high economic value. However in the last decades beef has been target of negative publicity by the media, mainly due to the high content of cholesterol as well as saturated and trans fatty acids (FA). The increasing number of food scares across the Europe over the last years has increased even more consumers’ concerns about beef quality and safety. Despite the health concerns beef sensory properties still remain the main purchasing and repeat purchasing criteria for the consumers. Tenderness has been considered the major palatability characteristic of beef and defines its commercial value. However, tenderness variability has been considered a major problem to the beef industry. In this context, the aim of this proposal was to ascertain the organoleptic properties and lipid nutritional value of beef and to relate them with the Portuguese consumer` preferences. The experimental work was divided in two trials. In the first trial, the meat quality and lipid nutritional value from “Vitela Tradicional do Montado”-PGI veal, Mertolenga-PDO veal and Mertolenga-PDO beef were studied. The results suggested that the three products are not very different, but the two veal types are more alike, which means that age had a more powerful effect than the crossbred or gender. Nevertheless, despite the similarity in FA profile and of the production systems of the animals sampled, it was possible to discriminate the meat types. Moreover, the PGI veal seems to have higher variability than the other two meat types studied. In the second trial, three beef types from the Portuguese market place, Carnalentejana-PDO, imported from Brazil and national undifferentiated beef, were studied and compared to characterise nutritional value and variability of beef lipids as well as the organoleptic properties and their variability. We also intended to relate the sensory attributes with instrumental measurements in order to realise if it is possible to predict sensory evaluation through instrumental measurements. Brazilian beef had the highest lipid nutritional value and lipid stability as this beef presented higher contents of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, CLA and PUFA. The data indicated that all beef types seem to have α-tocopherol values high enough to inhibit lipid oxidation and discoloration. Energy intake was calculated for the main FA and compared with the recommended daily intake. All beef types seem to have low cholesterol and SFA contents. Concerning the relation between the sensory attributes and the instrumental measurement, sensory tenderness was correlated with WBSF but not with TPA hardness. Nevertheless, TPA chewiness was well correlated with sensory tenderness indicating TPA usefulness to give addicional information of beef texture. Off-flavour was the ix main determinant of overall acceptability and Brazilian beef presented the highest and lowest values, respectively. Brazilian beef also had the lowest juiciness score, indicating that this beef type despite having the best lipid nutritional value can be rejected due to it sensory attributes. All beef types were considered slightly to moderately tender regarding WBSF and sensory tenderness mean values. National undifferentiated beef seem to have higher variability in the colour measurements, whilst Carnalentejana-PDO seems to depicted higher tenderness variability. Despite having mean values in the aforementioned attributes that indicates a consumer high acceptability, the high variability in both cases can be detrimental in the moment of sale.RESUMO - Relação entre as preferências do consumidor português e a textura, composição química e valor nutricional da carne de bovino - A carne bovina é um produto nutricionalmente rico e de elevado valor económico. No entanto, nos últimos anos tem sido alvo de publicidade negativa por parte da comunicação social devido ao seu conteúdo em colesterol e em ácidos gordos saturados e trans. O crescente número de surtos alimentares na Europa aumentou a preocupação dos consumidores quanto à segurança e qualidade alimentar. No entanto, apesar das referidas preocupações, os atributos sensoriais ainda permanecem a principal razão que leva os consumidores a comprar e a repetir a compra de carne de bovino. A tenrura tem sido considerada o atributo mais importante da carne bovina e define o seu valor comercial, mas a sua variabilidade tem representado um problema para a indústria. Neste contexto, o objectivo deste trabalho foi determinar as propriedades organolépticas e o valor nutricional da fracção lipídica da carne bovina e relacioná-las com as preferências dos consumidores. O trabalho experimental consistiu em dois ensaios. No primeiro ensaio foram estudados a qualidade organoléptica e o valor nutricional da fracção lipídica da carne de vitela “Vitela Tradicional do Montado”-IGP e Mertolenga-DOP e do novilho Mertolenga-DOP. Os resultados sugerem que as duas vitelas têm composições similares, o que pode significar que o efeito da idade foi maior do que o efeito da raça ou género. Apesar das semelhanças do sistema de produção e no perfil lipídico as três carnes foram bem discriminadas. No segundo ensaio foram estudados a qualidade organoléptica e o valor nutricional dos lípidos das carnes de bovino Carnalentejana-DOP, importada do Brasil e nacional indiferenciada. Também aqui se pretendeu prever a qualidade sensorial das carnes com base nas medições instrumentais. Todos os tipos de carne apresentaram baixo teor em colesterol, e teor em α-tocoferol suficiente para inibir a oxidação lipídica e a descoloração. A carne Brasileira apresentou o melhor valor nutricional do perfil lipídico e potencial anti-oxidante, visto ter apresentado conteúdos superiores em α-tocoferol, β-caroteno, CLA e ácidos gordos poliinsaturados. A ingestão de energia foi calculada para os ácidos gordos mais importantes e comparada com as recomendações de ingestão diárias. Todos os tipos de carne apresentaram baixo conteúdo em colesterol e ácidos gordos saturados. Os atributos sensoriais apresentaram correlações baixas com os parâmetros instrumentais, e apenas a força de corte se correlacionou com a tenrura sensorial. No entanto, a tenrura sensorial correlacionou-se com a mastigabilidade indicando que o TPA pode ser útil, dando informação adicional sobre a textura da carne. O off-flavour foi o principal determinante da xi aceitabilidade da carne, apresentando a carne Brasileira os valores mais e menos elevados, respectivamente. A carne Brasileira foi também a menos suculenta, indicando que apesar de apresentar o melhor valor lipídico pode, no entanto, ser rejeitada pelas suas características sensoriais. Todas as carnes foram consideradas ligeira a moderadamente tenras, tendo em conta os seus valores de força de corte e de tenrura sensorial avaliada pelo painel de provadores. As carnes nacionais apresentaram heterogeneidade da sua composição química, a Carnalentejana-DOP na tenrura e a nacional indiferenciada na cor, o que é indesejável e pode condicionar a sua comercialização, pelo que este aspecto deve ser melhorado

Nature-based solutions contribution for urban resilience and sustainability

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Leaf morphoanatomy of four red grapevine cultivars grown under the same terroir

XII Congreso Internacional TerroirThis study compare leaf morphoanatomical characteristics of four red cultivars - ‘Touriga Nacional’, ‘Trindadeira’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Syrah’ -, grown side by side at the same terroir. The analyzed leaf traits, under light and scanning electron microscopy, showed large variability among genotypes. ‘Trincadeira’ has the biggest single leaf area and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ the smallest one. ‘Touriga Nacional’ showed the lowest leaf dry weight and ‘Trincadeira’ the highest one, nonetheless there was no significantly differences in leaf dry mass per area and in leaf density. Leaf dry mass per area was positively correlated with leaf density but showed no correlation with leaf thickness. The French genotypes presented higher thickness of the leaf anatomical traits than the two Portuguese ones. ‘Trincadeira’ showed significantly highest stomata density while the other cultivars showed no significant differences among them. The analyses of the three types of stomata revealed that ‘Trincadeira’ has the lower percentage of raised above and the highest percentage of sunken stomata while ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ showed the opposite behaviour. The hairs on the lower surface presented a similar woolly aspect in all cultivars. The possible role of leaf morphoanatomical characteristics in determining the cultivars adaptation to abiotic stresses is suggested and discussedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Atividade física segundo a percepção dos estudantes de enfermagem

This study aimed to get to know the perceptions of undergraduate students from the University of São Paulo College of Nursing about physical exercise as an instrument to maintain health and well being. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire in class, involving 122 undergraduate students. In this group, 52.23% believed that physical exercise should only be recommended to people with health problems. Only 8% thought that exercise can prevent diseases, and only 6.61% uses protection equipment. Therefore, we concluded that nursing students need to be better prepared to be able to intervene correctly as professionals.La finalidad de este estudio fue conocer la percepción de alumnos de pregrado de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Sao Paulo sobre la práctica de actividad física para mantener la salud y el bien estar. La recolecta de datos fue realizada mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario en aula y participaron 122 estudiantes. En este grupo, el 52,23% cree que la actividad física tiene que ser recomendada solamente a las personas con alteraciones de la salud. Sólo el 8% de ellos cree que sea capaz de prevenir enfermedades. La conclusión es que hay necesidad de mejor preparación de los alumnos, con vistas a la eficacia de sus intervenciones cuando profesionales.Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção do aluno de graduação da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo sobre a prática de atividade física para a manutenção da saúde e do bem-estar. A coleta de dados se deu mediante a aplicação de um questionário em sala de aula, tendo participado do estudo 122 alunos. Nesse grupo, 52,23% acreditam que a atividade física deve ser recomendada apenas para quem apresente alterações de saúde. Apenas 8% deles acreditam na prevenção de doenças através da prática de atividade física e, ainda, e apenas 6,61% fazem uso de equipamentos de proteção. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que há necessidade de melhor preparação dos alunos durante a graduação, para que esses, possam intervir efetivamente quando profissionais

Anatomia da folha de cultivares brancas de videira com distinta origem geográfica

This study aims to compare the leaf morphoanatomical characteristics of seven Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera white cultivars with different geographical origin, grown side by side at the same “terroir”. The leaf morphoanatomical traits analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed large variability among genotypes. Significant differences between cultivars were observed in single leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf density and in the thickness of cuticle, upper and lower epidermal cells and mesophyll. Leaf dry mass per area presented a significant positive correlation with leaf density but showed no correlation with leaf thickness, results that can be explained by the quite different mesophyll structure, epidermal cells and cuticle thickness. ‘Alvarinho’, ‘Encruzado’, ‘Macabeu’ and ‘Viosinho’ were the cultivars with the highest thickness of cuticle and mesophyll tissues. Under SEM magnification three types of stomata were identified: sunken, at the same level and raised above, with the same level type presenting the higher percentage in all cultivars. Stomata density presented significant differences between cultivars, with ‘Macabeu’ showing the highest value and ‘Alvarinho’ and ‘Arinto’ the lowest ones. The hairs on the lower surface presented a similar woolly aspect in all cultivars. Calcium oxalate crystals, raphids and druses were visible and widely distributed in the parenchyma tissues. The observed differences in leaf traits among genotypes suggest a major role of leaf anatomy in determining grapevine capacity for coping with different environmental conditionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Editorial: urban nature-based solutions and green infrastructure as strategies for climate change adaptation

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Perfilhamento do trigo em função da aplicação de citocinina sintética

TCC (graduação)- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Curitibanos. Agronomia.O perfilhamento da cultura do trigo é uma característica genética e fortemente influenciada por fatores ambientais como nutrição, água, luz e temperatura. Muitos destes fatores ambientais atuam sobre o balanço hormonal da planta, podendo estimular ou restringir o crescimento lateral (perfilhos). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos da aplicação exógena de citocinina sobre a emissão e sobrevivência de perfilhos de plantas de trigo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, localizado na área experimental da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – Campus Curitibanos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 2 x 4. O primeiro fator foi composto de dois cultivares de trigo, BRS Guamirim (alto perfilhamento) e BRS Parrudo (baixo perfilhamento), e o segundo fator da aplicação de citocinina sintética (Benziladenina) nas doses de 0, 100, 200 e 300 ml ha-1 no início do perfilhamento. A partir do alongamento do colmo principal foram realizadas contagens de colmos para determinação do número de perfilhos emitidos (máximo), número final de colmos e o número final de espigas. Também foi realizada a avaliação dos componentes da produção ao final do ciclo da cultura, na planta inteira e em perfilhos individuais. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e quando significativas as médias foram comparadas por meio do teste t de Student (p<0,05). As doses de Benziladenina testadas não afetaram o comportamento produtivo da cultura, nem se quer a uniformidade morfológica e produtiva dos perfilhos. A cultivar BRS Guamirim apresentou maior perfilhamento, compensando a produção de espigas menores, com menos espiguetas e número de grãos, quando comparada a cultivar BRS Parrudo.The tillering of wheat crops is a feature genetics and strongly influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition, water, light and temperature. Many of these environmental factors act on the plant’s hormonal balance, wich can stimulate or restrict lateral growth (tillers). The purpose of this work was to study the effects of exogenous cytokinin application on the emission and survival of wheat plant profiles. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, located in the experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Catarina – Curitibanos Campus. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks with four replications in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed of two wheat cultivars, BRS Guamirim (high tillering) and BRS Parrudo (low tillering), and the second application factor of synthetic cytokinin (Benzyladenine) at doses of 0, 100, 200 and 300 ml ha-1 at the beginning of tillering. From the main stem elongation, stem counts were performed to determine the number of tillers emitted (maximum), final number of stems and the final number of cobs. An evaluation of the production components was also carried out at the end of the crop cycle, in the entire plant and in individual profiles. Data were submitted for analysis of variation when references and means were preperad by the Student’s t test (p<0,05). The doses of Benzyladenine tested did not affect the productive behavior of the crop, nor even the morphological and productive uniformity of the tillers. There cultivar BRS Guamirim presented higher tillering, compensating the production of smaller cobs, with fewer spikelets and number of grains, when compared with the BRS Parrudo cultivar

EA e tutoria: representações de pais e professores do 1º CEB

Mestrado em Ciências da Educação - Formação Pessoal e SocialCom o DL nº 6/2001 surgiu o Estudo Acompanhado, área curricular não disciplinar que pretende munir os alunos de competências, capacidades e habilidades necessárias no presente, mas também no futuro, fomentando, ainda, a autonomia gradativa nas suas aprendizagens. Como o Estudo Acompanhado, ao nível do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico é proporcionado tanto em escolas públicas como em centros educativos privados, pretendemos analisar as representações sociais de professores deste nível de ensino, da cidade de Aveiro, face ao Estudo Acompanhado que leccionam, num, noutro ou em ambos os contextos. Procuramos perceber, também, qual a importância concedida à tutoria e ao professor tutor nestas circuntâncias. A tutoria, enquanto processo de aconselhamento, auxílio e orientação, pretende equilibrar as potencialidades do aluno com as ofertas educativas, visando contribuir para o seu desenvolvimento pessoal e êxito académico. Deste modo, o professor tutor medeia aprendizagens, guia o desenvolvimento pessoal e orienta e facilita na resolução de conflitos. A tutoria e o professor tutor têm, cada vez mais, pertinência na realidade educative portuguesa, dadas as suas finalidades e necessidades na formação do cidadão português. Assim, encaramos o Estudo Acompanhado como uma via tutorial no 1º Ciclo quer das escolas públicas quer dos centros educativos privados. Em ambas as situações, os alunos distribuem-se por turmas e o trabalho dos docentes contempla as necessidades de cada um, apostando-se num Estudo Acompanhado mais individualizado; todavia, o número de alunos por turma e os recursos disponíveis são aspectos que distinguem as duas realidades. A amostra para o estudo foi composta por 38 professores de 7 escolas públicas, 25 docentes de 11 centros educativos privados e 12 pais de alunos, sendo que 4 possuíam Estudo Acompanhado apenas na escola pública, 4 somente em centros educativos privados e, os últimos 4, em ambas as realidades, simultaneamente. Os instrumentos utilizados foram de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa: quanto ao primeiro, foram inquiridos 63 professores que leccionam Estudo Acompanhado, ora em escolas públicas, ora em centros educativos privados; no que concerne ao segundo, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo, depois de inquiridos os 12 pais de alunos que usufruem de Estudo Acompanhado nas três situações acima referidas. A análise dos dados aponta que, para além dos professores, também os pais valorizam o Estudo Acompanhado, a tutoria e a função exercida pelo professor tutor, independentemente do contexto no qual é leccionado; contudo, assiste-se a uma relativa valorização da componente privada em relação à pública. ABSTRACT: With the DL nº 6/2001 the learning skills, non disciplinary curricular area appeared, aiming to provide students with competences, skills and abilities needed not only at present but also in the future, promoting the gradual autonomy in their apprenticeship. As this subject, in what concerns elementary educatin, is provided not only in public schools but also in private education centres, we aim to analise the social representations of the teachers of this teaching level, of Aveiro, in what concerns the learning skills they teach in one or another or even both context, seeking to also know what is the importance given to tutorship and to the tutor teacher in these circumstances. The tutorship, while process of advisement, aid and orientation, aims at balancing the student’s potential with the educational offers; seeking to promote his personal development and academic success. Thus, the tutor protects, mediates learning, guides the personal development and facilitates problem solving. The tutorship and the tutor teacher have, more and more, relevance in the portuguese educational reality, due to the goals and needs in the Portuguese citizen’s education. Therefore, the learning skills is considered as a tutorial way in elementary education in both private schools and private educational centres. In both situations, the students are displaced in classes and the teachers’ works contemplate the needs of each one, having faith in a learning skills more individualized; although the number of students for class and the resources available are issues that distinguish the two realities. The sample for the study was made up of 38 teachers of 7 learning skills, 25 teachers of private education centres and 12 parents and children, 4 of which had learning skills only in public school, 4 only in private education centres and the last 4, simultaneously, in both realities. The tools used were of quantity and quality nature; in what concerns the first one, were inquired 63 teachers that teach learning skills in public schools or private education centres; concerning the second one it was made a content analysis, after being inquired 12 students’ parents that usufruct the learning skills in the three above mentioned situations. The data analysis points out that, besides teachers also parents value learning skills,tutorship and tutor teacher’s function, nevertheless the context in wich it is taught; however, we are assisting to a relative valorization of the private component rather than to the public one