Panosteitis canina

Se hace un análisis retrospectivo de 18 casos, atendiendo especialmente a los síntomas clínicos y radiológicos de la enfermedad. Todos los perros eran de razas de gran tamaño y el 97 % de ellos eran machos. La edad media de resentación fue de 8,8 meses. Los síntomas típicos son las cojeras de aparición brusca, en muchos casos alternantes, y el dolor a la palpación-presión sobre las diáfisis de los huesos largos. El signo radiológico fundamental es la esclerosis medular acompañada de forma inconstante por reacciones de proliferación del endostia, reacción perióstica de tipo liso y aumento del grosor cortical.A retrospective analysis of 18 cases of canine panosteitis was made, with special emphasis on the clinical and radiological signs of the disease. All dogs diagnosed were of large breeds, and 97% were male. The mean age at the onset of disease was 8.8 months. Typical symptoms included sudden, and in many cases shifting, lameness and pain on palpation of the diaphyses of the long bones. The primary radiological sign was marrow sclerosis accompanied, though inconsistently, by endosteal bone proliftration, smooth periosteal new bone jOrmation and cortical thickening

Estudio radiológico de las alteraciones del codo en el perro

Se realiza un estudio radiológico de las principales alteraciones de la articulación del codo en el perro. Se dividen en dos grandes grupos: primarias, que son alteraciones producidas directamente en esta articulación, entre las que se incluyen osteocondrosis, no unión de la apófisis ancónea, fractura de la apófisis coronoides y luxación congénita de codo; y secundarias en las que incluimos aquellas alteraciones originadas en otras parte de la extremidad pero que tienen repercusión en el codo, como son los cierres prematuros de las placas de crecimiento del cúbito y radio.A radiographic stutdy Was made outlining the main lesions of the elbow in the dog. The diffrerent processes are included in two broad categories: primary lesions, those arisen from the elbow joint directly, wich include osteochondrosis, unuited anconeal process, fragmented coronoid process and congenital luxation of the elbow; and secundary lesions, namely those alterations after other aspects of the forelimb that secondarly involve the elbow joint, i.e., premature closure of the radial and cubital physeal plates

Valoración radiológica de las articulaciones en pequeños animales

Se describen los diferentes signos de las estructuras articulares que pueden observarse en una radiografía así como su interpretación clínica. El reconocimiento preciso de tales signos ayuda a un diagnóstico correcto y permite el establecimiento de un tratamiento adecuado.The different main signs of joint structures as can be seen radiographically are described as well as its clinical significance. The exact recognition of such signs is the keystone of a proper diagnosis and a correct treatment

Bases prácticas para el tratamiento del síndrome seborreico en el perro

El término seborrea o síndrome queratoseborreico describe un trastorno de la queratinización de carácter inespecífico que puede presentarse con origen primario o secundario, asociado, en este último caso, a muchas dermatosis del perro. El tratamiento sintomático de la seborrea es fundamental como apoyo al tratamiento específico y la única posibilidad terapéutica en los casos de seborrea primaria idiopática. Actualmente, el tratamiento antiseborreico se basa en productos de aplicación tópica y a menudo es difícil elegir entre la extensa gama de champús, lociones, cremas, etc., disponibles comercialmente. En la práctica, es importante conocer las características de sus principios activos y los efectos que tienen sobre la piel y trabajar con un número limitado de estos productos.The term seborrhea or keratoseborrheic syndrome describes a non-specific state of abnormal epidermal keratinization, that may arise with a primary or secondary origin, associated, in this latter case, with multiple canine dermatoses. Antiseborrheic therapy plays an importan: role in supporting specific treatment of the primary cause; moreover, it is the only possible treatment in those cases of idiopathic primary seborrhea. Currently, antiseborrheic therapy is based on topical formulations, but sometimes we are confused by the huge amount of shampoos, lotions, creams, ointments and others commercially available stuffs. Their proper use depends upon an understanding of their formulation and indications of their active components. From that point it is better to use a limited number of well known products

Structural and functional analysis of virus factories purified from Rabbit vesivirus-infected Vero cells

Rabbit vesivirus infection induces membrane modifications and accumulation of vesicular structures in the cytoplasm of infected Vero cells. Crude RaV replication complexes (RCs) have been purified and their structural and functional properties have been characterized.We show that calnexin, an ER-resident protein, RaV non-structural proteins 2AB-, 2C-, 3A-, 3B- and 3CD-like as well as viral RNAs co-localize within membranous structures which are able to replicate the endogenous RNA templates. The purified virus factories protected their viral RNA contents from microccocal nuclease degradation and were inaccessible to exogenously added synthetic transcripts. In addition, we have shown that RCs can be used to investigate uridylylation of native endogenous VPg. In contrast to the observation that the virus factories were inaccessible to RNAs, RCs were accessible to added recombinant VPg which was subsequently nucleotidylylated. Nevertheless no elongation of an RNA chain attached to native or recombinant VPg could be demonstrated

The effectiveness of sewage treatment processes to remove faecal pathogens and antibiotic residues

Pathogens and antibiotics enter the aquatic environment via sewage effluents and may pose a health risk to wild life and humans. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of faecal bacteria, and selected antibiotic residues in raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents from three different sewage treatment plants in the Western Cape, South Africa. Sewage treatment plant 1 and 2 use older technologies, while sewage treatment plant 3 has been upgraded and membrane technologies were incorporated in the treatment processes. Coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used as bioindicators for faecal bacteria. A chromogenic test was used to screen for coliforms and E. coli. Fluoroquinolones and sulfamethoxazole are commonly used antibiotics and were selected to monitor the efficiency of sewage treatment processes for antibiotic removal. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) were used to quantitate antibiotic residues in raw and treated sewage. Raw intake water at all treatment plants contained total coliforms and E. coli. High removal of E. coli by treatment processes was evident for treatment plant 2 and 3 only. Fluoroquinolones and sulfamethoxazole were detected in raw wastewater from all sewage treatment plants. Treatment processes at plant 1 did not reduce the fluoroquinolone concentration in treated sewage effluents. Treatment processes at plant 2 and 3 reduced the fluoroquinolone concentration by 21% and 31%, respectively. Treatment processes at plant 1 did not reduce the sulfamethoxazole concentration in treated sewage effluents. Treatment processes at plant 2 and 3 reduced sulfamethoxazole by 34% and 56%, respectively. This study showed that bacteria and antibiotic residues are still discharged into the environment. Further research needs to be undertaken to improve sewage treatment technologies, thereby producing a better quality treated sewage effluent

Authenticity and place attachment of major visitor attractions

This paper aims to explore the relationships between place attachment and perceived authenticity of major visitor attractions. The empirical study was conducted with a sample of international tourists to major visitor attractions in two capital cities, Helsinki, Finland and Jerusalem, Israel. The results indicate a positive correlation between place attachment and authenticity. Major visitor attractions located in places with considerable heritage experience value are considered more authentic, and that authenticity of visitor attractions is influenced by place attachment moderated by iconicity and heritage value of the destination region. These findings provide insight to the ways tourists perceive authenticity of visitor attractions and highlight the importance of the heritage value of tourism destinations for strategic planning and marketing purposes