Synthesis, structure and antileishmanial evaluation of endoperoxide–pyrazole hybrids

Leishmaniases are among the most impacting neglected tropical diseases. In attempts to repurpose antimalarial drugs or candidates, it was found that selected 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, and pyrazole-containing chemotypes demonstrated activity against Leishmania parasites. This study reports the synthesis and structure of trioxolane–pyrazole (OZ1, OZ2) and tetraoxane–pyrazole (T1, T2) hybrids obtained from the reaction of 3(5)-aminopyrazole with endoperoxide-containing building blocks. Interestingly, only the endocyclic amine of 3(5)-aminopyrazole was found to act as nucleophile for amide coupling. However, the fate of the reaction was influenced by prototropic tautomerism of the pyrazole heterocycle, yielding 3- and 5-aminopyrazole containing hybrids which were characterized by different techniques, including X-ray crystallography. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of L. tropica and L. infantum, and for cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells. Selected compounds were also evaluated against intramacrophage amastigote forms of L. infantum. Trioxolane–pyrazole hybrids OZ1 and OZ2 exhibited some activity against Leishmania promastigotes, while tetraoxane–pyrazole hybrids proved inactive, most likely due to solubility issues. Eight salt forms, specifically tosylate, mesylate, and hydrochloride salts, were then prepared to improve the solubility of the corresponding peroxide hybrids and were uniformly tested. Biological evaluations in promastigotes showed that the compound OZ1•HCl was the most active against both strains of Leishmania. Such finding was corroborated by the results obtained in assessments of the L. infantum amastigote susceptibility. It is noteworthy that the salt forms of the endoperoxide–pyrazole hybrids displayed a broader spectrum of action, showing activity in both strains of Leishmania. Our preliminary biological findings encourage further optimization of peroxide–pyrazole hybrids to identify a promising antileishmanial lead.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Semantic validation of the short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales

Objetivo: realizar la validación semántica y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones cortas de las Escalas de Medición del Cociente de Empatía/Sistematización, originadas en Cambridge y validadas en Portugal, para medir el perfil empático y sistemático de los individuos. Método: estudio metodológico que comprendió la validación semántica (validez de contenido) y verificación de las propiedades psicométricas (consistencia interna) de las escalas. Cinco jueces participaron de la validación semántica. Después de calculado el Índice de Validez de Contenido, se realizó el pretest con dieciocho estudiantes de enfermería y posteriormente se aplicó a una muestra. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 215 estudiantes de enfermería, siendo 186 (86,51%) del sexo femenino, con edad media de 21 años. Las escalas presentaron buena consistencia interna con valores de Alpha de Cronbach Global de 0,83 para el Cociente de Empatía y 0,79 para el Cociente de Sistematización. Las correlaciones entre las escalas y subescalas del Cociente de Empatía y Cociente de Sistematización fueron todas positivas y significativas, las que fueron resultado del test de correlación de Pearson. Conclusión: las escalas fueron consideradas confiables y válidas para medir el perfil empático y sistemático de estudiantes de enfermería; la versión final fue denominada de “versiones cortas de las Escalas de Medición del Cociente de Empatía/Sistematización – Brasil”.Objetivo: realizar a validação semântica e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas das versões curtas das Escalas de Medição do Quociente de Empatia/Sistematização, originadas em Cambridge e validadas em Portugal, para mensurar o perfil empático e sistemático dos indivíduos. Método: estudo metodológico no qual foram compreendidas a validação semântica (validade de conteúdo) e a verificação das propriedades psicométricas (consistência interna) das escalas. Cinco juízes participaram da validação semântica. Foi calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, seguido de pré-teste, com 18 graduandos em enfermagem e posterior aplicação a uma amostra. Resultados: a amostra foi composta de 215 graduandos em enfermagem, sendo 186 (86,51%) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 21 anos. As escalas apresentaram boa consistência interna, com valores de Alfa de Cronbach global de 0,83 para o Quociente de Empatia e 0,79 para o Quociente de Sistematização. As correlações entre as escalas e subescalas do Quociente de Empatia e Quociente de Sistematização foram todas positivas e significantes, resultantes do teste de correlação de Pearson. Conclusão: as escalas foram consideradas confiáveis e válidas para mensurar o perfil empático e sistemático de graduandos em enfermagem e a versão final foi denominada versões curtas das Escalas de Medição do Quociente de Empatia/ Sistematização – Brasil.Objective: to perform the semantic validation of the short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales, intended to measure the empathetic and systemizing profiles of individuals. The scales originated in Cambridge and were validated in Portugal, and were assessed for their psychometric properties. Method: methodological study included the scales’ semantic validation (content validity) and verification of their psychometric properties (internal consistency). Five judges participated in the semantic validation. The Content Validity Index was calculated, a pretest was conducted with 18 undergraduate nursing students, and, finally, the scales were applied to a sample. Results: the sample was composed of 215 undergraduate nursing students, 186 (86.51%) of whom were women aged 21 years old, on average. The scales presented good internal consistency with global Cronbach’s alphas equal to 0.83 and 0.79 for the Empathy Quotient and the Systemizing Quotient, respectively. Correlations between the scales and subscales of the Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient were all positive and significant according to the Pearson correlation coefficient. Conclusion: the scales are reliable and valid to measure the empathetic and systemizing profile of undergraduate nursing students and the final version was named “versões curtas das Escalas de Medição do Quociente de Empatia/ Sistematização – Brasil” [short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales – Brazil]

Conversando sobre Património Industrial e outras Histórias: palavras, espaços e imagens

O conjunto de entrevistas apresentadas neste livro procura dar uma nova visão acerca do património industrial. Com uma abordagem aos estudos e às trajectórias de diversos estudiosos do Brasil e de Portugal, aos percursos de formação de cada autor (a), às suas várias temporalidades e vinculações institucionais distintas, a obra valoriza as narrativas orais de quem viveu o processo de construção e consolidação dessa área de pesquisa nos dois países. O objectivo é contribuir para o debate complexo e contínuo sobre o património e possibilita uma ampliação do nosso entendimento dos modos como esta área se firmou e se vem afirmando em diversos espaços, dentro e fora das universidades

East Asia Today

East Asia attracts growing interest in the West. Th e region is the world’s hotbed of economic growth, led by burgeoning China aided by more advanced Asian economies investing heavily in manufacturing and trading networks involving China. Western entrepreneurs clamor to join the China wave

Validação de escala de autoconfiança para assistência de enfermagem na retenção urinária

Objetivo: validar un instrumento para medir la autoconfianza en la asistencia de enfermería en la retención urinaria.Métodos: estudio de investigación metodológica, realizado después de recibir autorización ética. Fue aplicado a estudiantes del Curso de Graduación en Enfermería una escala tipo Likert, de 32 ítems, referentes a la asistencia de enfermería en la retención urinaria. Para la validación del instrumento, fue realizado: análisis de la adecuación del muestreo y de los componentes principales, rotación ortogonal Varimax y verificación de consistencia interna.Resultados: en una muestra de 305 estudiantes, hubo elevada correlación de todos los ítems con el total de la escala, Alpha de Cronbach 0,949. Los ítems de la escala fueron divididos en cinco factores, con consistencia interna de: Factor 1 (0,890), Factor 2 (0,874), Factor 3 (0,868), Factor 4 (0,814) y Factor 5 (0,773).Conclusión: la escala cumple los requisitos de validez, demostrando potencial para ser usada en evaluación e investigación.Objective: to validate an instrument to measure self-confidence of nursing care in urinary retention.Methods: methodological research study, carried out after ethical approval. A Likert-like scale of 32 items related to nursing care in urinary retention was applied to students of the graduate nursing course. For instrument validation, analysis of the sample adequacy and main components, Varimax orthogonal rotation and internal consistency analyses were developed.Results: in a sample of 305 students, there was high correlation of all items with the total scale and Cronbach's alpha of 0.949. The scale items were divided into five factors with internal consistency: Factor 1 (0.890), Factor 2 (0.874), Factor 3 (0.868), Factor 4 (0.814) and Factor 5 (0.773), respectively.Conclusion: the scale meets the validity requirements, demonstrating potential for use in evaluation and research.Objetivo: validar instrumento para mensurar a autoconfiança na assistência de enfermagem na retenção urinária.Métodos: estudo de investigação metodológica, realizado após autorização ética. Foi aplicada a estudantes do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem uma escala tipo Likert, de 32 itens, referentes à assistência de enfermagem na retenção urinária. Para a validação do instrumento, foi realizada análise da adequação amostral e dos componentes principais, rotação ortogonal Varimax e consistência interna.Resultados: numa amostra de 305 estudantes, houve elevada correlação de todos os itens com o total da escala, alpha de Cronbach 0,949. Os itens da escala foram divididos em: cinco fatores, com consistência interna de: Fator 1 (0,890), Fator 2 (0,874), Fator 3 (0,868), Fator 4 (0,814) e Fator 5 (0,773), respectivamente.Conclusão: a escala cumpre os requisitos de validade, demonstrando potencial para uso em avaliação e investigação

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio